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Conservation De L'entomofaune Ordinaire Conservation de l’entomofaune ordinaire : enjeux scientifiques et sociétaux Camila Leandro To cite this version: Camila Leandro. Conservation de l’entomofaune ordinaire : enjeux scientifiques et sociétaux. Sciences agricoles. Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018MON30055. tel- 02132383 HAL Id: tel-02132383 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02132383 Submitted on 17 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Délivré par l’Université Paul -Valéry Montpellier 3 Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale TERRITOIRES, TEMPS, SOCIÉTÉS ET DÉVELOPPEMENT Et de l’unité de recherche CENTRE D’ ÉCOLOGIE FONCTIONNELLE ET ÉVOLUTIVE (UMR 5175) Spécialité : Écologie et Biologie des Populations Présentée par Camila LEANDRO Conservation de l’e ntomofaune ordinaire : Enjeux scientifiques et sociétaux Soutenue le 29 novembre 2018 devant le jury composé de Mme Christine ROLLARD, Maître de Conférences, Rapporteur Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle M Julien PETILLON, Maître de Conférences HDR, Rapporteur Université Rennes 1 Mme Nathalie BLANC, Directrice de Recherche HDR, Examinateur LADYSS-CNRS M Pascal DUPONT, Docteur, Examinateur UMS 2006 PatriNat (AFB, CNRS, MNHN) Mme Ana RODRIGUES, Directrice de Recherche HDR, Examinateur CEFE-CNRS M John THOMPSON, Directeur de Recherche HDR, Examinateur CEFE-CNRS, Logo ETABLISSEMENT M Pierre JAY-ROBERT, Professeur des Universités HDR, Directeur Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 1 2 ǯǣ ± 1 2 ǣ ǩǡ ǡǡǥ Ǩ 3 4 Remerciements L’aventure scientifique et humaine qu’est la thèse, amène à se sonder au plus profond de soi. La thèse invite à donner tout de soi même, découvrir son potentiel et à explorer, ce qu’enfoui en nous, est une certitude. Menée avec passion, cette thèse peut s’avérer un des moments le plus importants de construction professionnelle, mais surtout personnelle. Car l’aventure c’est de l’inattendu, des rencontres, des problèmes complexes, des frustrations et des (petites ou grandes) victoires. Heureusement, bien qu’il semble ainsi, le thésard n’est pas seul (et heureusement). J’ai eu la chance d’être particulièrement entourée, avant la thèse, pendant et après. A tous ceux qui, en ayant été ou en étant dans ma vie, m’ont conduit à être qui je suis aujourd’hui, merci. Et bien que difficile à faire, voici la liste de personnes à qui je suis particulièrement reconnaissante : Pierre Jay-Robert , qui m’a proposé un projet des plus inattendus : s’attaquer à la conservation des bousiers. Ça aurait été mille fois plus sexy de travailler sur un modèle poilu ou plumeux, de préférence bleu ; d’ailleurs ça m’aurait économisé quelques blagues ! Cependant tu m’as proposé ce que, au fond de moi, j’avais vraiment envie de faire : m’ occuper des « moches ». Et si c’était à refaire, ça serait avec plaisir. Merci de ta générosité, ton écoute et de ta confiance. L’équipe ESA… que dire, vous m’avez soutenu, inspiré, aidé, formé, accompagné, fait rigoler, rêver et surtout, vous me n’avez pas laissé baisser les bras. Avec votre enthousiasme et bienveillance je peux dire que j’ai passé trois ans dans la meilleure ambiance professionnelle qu’un doctorant peut espérer. Agnès Mechin, Alan Vergnes, Aurore Léocadie, Céline Jacob, Gérard Duvallet, Jérôme Cortet, Jonathan Bonfanti, Juliette Langlois, Martine Feugray, Pierre-Yves Hardy, Séverine Durand, Sylvain Pioch, William FD Perrin… vous saveeez, sans vous, les pauses et les smoothies je n’aurais jamais publiéééé (et fini) ! Puis, je dois citer ces jeunes qui ont apporté un coup de main significatif à mes travaux et qui m’ont appris beaucoup de choses : merci Sophia Savagner et Matthias Brand de votre investissement, créativité et enthousiame. Merci aux membres du jury d’avoir accepté d’évaluer ces travaux. J’admire votre investissement (souvent très personnel) pour la conservation de la biodiversité et votre ouverture disciplinaire. J’espère que vous trouverez des éléments intéressants dans ce manuscrit. Je remercie tous les chercheurs, techniciens et acteurs du monde de la conservation qui ont apporté un conseil significatif, une aide ponctuelle ou une attention particulière à mes travaux et à mes idées. Parmi eux Isabelle Chuine, Aurélien Besnard, Claude Miaud, Cyril Bernard, Julien Touroult, David Degueldre, Olivier Gimenez, les membres de ScarB’Obs 5 (Adrien Simon, Céline Quélénnec, Joseph Garrigue, Baptiste Hubert, Julien Dabry, Stéphane Jaulin, Laurent Tatin, Fabien Lepine), Claudie Houssard, Sonia Bertrand, Xavier Houard, Bruno Mériguet, Valérie Chansigaud, Dennis Brouillet, Louise Chawla. Special greetings to you Ian Renner: you made SDM’s (and working with you) be fun ny, exciting and gamboge. I’ll never thank you enought ! Puis, j’aimerai citer des chercheurs qui m’ont inspiré en tant que scientifique et personne investie dans la conservation des « creepy crawlers » : MJ Samways, SR Kellert et EO Wilson. Je tiens à citer des personnes qui ont travaillé avec moi pour réussir des paris fous, dont la détection de l’ADNe dans des compresses… me rci Tony Dejean et ses associés de SPYGEN. Egalement merci à Juliette Fabre, Olivier Lobry et Alexia Vaillé de l’OSU -OREME et Marie- Claude Quidoz du CEFE : l’observatoire ScaraB’Obs serait encore une idée sans votre appui technique. Je souhaiterai citer des structures qui m’ont permis de me former en tant que future chercheuse ancrée dans des problématiques actuelles : le CEFE, l’OSU -OREME et l’Association Femme & Sciences. Dans cette dernière, mention spéciale pour Catherine Panabières, dont le partage d e ses expériences m’a grandement enrichie et aidée et à May Morris pour sa bienveillance et tout ce qu’elle fait pour F&S. Enfin, une pensée pour les précaires de la recherche. Jérémy Tornos, Louise Boulangeat, Marine El Adouzi, Mathilde Frémont, Jules Chiffard, Julie Louvrier, Marie Chandelier, Matthias Grenié, Iris Le Roncé, Juan Sebastian Vargas, Nathalia Sandoval et Daniel Arauz : passionnés de vos sujets et de vos propres aventures, je vous souhaite que du bonheur dans vos quêtes scientifiques ! *** Une thèse est sans aucun doute une occupation à temps complet, 7j/7, 24/24 365 jours de l’année ; c’est une attitude de curiosité dévorante et dans mon cas, une passion. Je dois donc remercier toutes les personnes ayant vécu (subi ?) cette aventure avec moi en dehors des « heures de bureau » : Vengo de lejos pero sin duda alguna, ustedes hacen parte de mi vida, y por ende, de las personas que hicieron que una chiquilla se fuera para mejor regresar. Y lo mejor, es que su esencia y su cariño nunca cambió. Juan Diego J, Montserrat S, Marcial V, Michelle T, Jean Karlo M, Rosa V, Adriana V, Belem C, Jorge L. Estoy agradecida con el mundo por tenerlos cerca de mí, aún a distancia. 6 Une partie de ma vie a été la Bretagne, où j’ai vécu des choses (folles et incroyables) qui m’ont fait grandir et qui m’ont conduit à faire le grand pas vers la recherche. Margot LG, Martin D, Noën C, Gaël C, Thomas Z, Léa F, Pauline G, Sébastien G, Xavier D, Josselin G, Aurélia LD, Pierrick L, Laurent B, Pierre LH, Yann K, Danny Z, Oriane C, Thierry D, Jonathan S, François B, Céline C et Patricia C : c’est grâce à vous. Merci. Une pensée émotive pour mes anciens collègues de Tela Botanica : Samantha B, Mathias C, Audrey T, Jennifer C, Aurélien P, Véro S, Daniel M… merci de m’avoir form é à la gestion participative (je suis la ouaish-rappeuse du labo, yeah !), préparé aux blagues de mer** (littéralement) et de votre soutien avant même que je devienne thésarde ! Mention spéciale pour les LDP, dont certains se sont investis dans la thèse ( qui l’aurais cru, une bande de musiciens classicos intéressés par les insectes ?). Merci Marion Ch, Alix A, Tobias O, Timothée L, Quentin M, Antonin H, Cécile C, Quentin C, Loïs B, Pierre K, Hélène B, Geoffrey C et Marion Co. Pour les relecteurs : je vous dois un jus de fraise. Et vivent le Cellove et tous les loves ! Un grand merci à mes ABR colocataires : Claire R. et Christophe C. Toujours disponibles pour l’apéro et les soirées films. Hâte de remettre ça sans besoin d’un agenda ! Gérard D, Josette R et Philippe C : parfois, ce ne sont pas les liens de sang qui créent une famille. Merci d’avoir toujours été là pour cette jeune expatriée. Vous êtes les meilleurs tontons et tata que je pourrais avoir. Merci. Bastien, tu as été mon coach, mon acolyte de pessimisme et de folies, mon cuisinier, mes vacances, mon amoureux, mon relecteur, mon sherpa émotionnel et une source d’admiration. Merci d’avoir enduré ces trois ans avec la névrosée-passionnée que je suis et de continuer à la suivre dans son cheminement aventureux. Et je n’oublie pas Isis, le plus beau et réconfortant chat de la planète ! Y para terminar, los verdecillos del Carmen. ¿Quién iba a saber que me iba a volver tan creativa y decidida, como Papi? ¿Tan llena de la empatía y la sensibilidad de mi Mamá? ¿Que iba a ser tan terca y obstinada que Mamita? ¿Que sería tan explosiva y dulce como Papá? ¿Igual de valiente que Pedro? Ustedes. Porque me vieron crecer… y me vieron irme. Ustedes son íntegra parte de mí, son la piedra angular de quién soy, seré y deseo ser.
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