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Home , Nicholas Ridley (martyr)

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

MANUSCRIPTS CONSULTED

As a result of the indefatigable labours of the Reverend Henry Jenkyns and the Editor of the 's writ­ ings, the Reverend John Edmund Cox, by far the vast majority of 's works are available in printed sources. Nevertheless, the following MSS have been consulted and can be said to shed a useful ray of extra light on the darker phases of Cranmer's eucharistie development.

I. In The British Library Department of Manuscripts: MSS Royal, 7 B XI and XII: Colleetiones ex S. Scriptur. et Patribus 2. In the Library ofCorpus Christi College, : MS 102, fols. 151-193: De re Sacramentaria 3. In the Library of : MS 1107: Cranmer's Collection ofCanon Law MS 1 108: A further Collection of Commonplaces, mostly from the Fathers

PRINTED WORKS

The majority of Thomas Cranmer's writings are readily avaiIable in print as:

I. The Remains of Thomas Cran"",., D.D., Arehbishop oJ Canter­ bury, Edited in four volumes by Henry Jenkyns (, 1833) 173 174 Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of the

2. Writings and Disputations of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, , 1556, Relative to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, Edited for the Parker Society by John Edmund Cox (Cambridge, 1844) [P.S., Cranmer I] 3. Miscellaneous Writings and Letters of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, Martyr, 1556, Edited for the Parker Society by John Edmund Cox (Cambridge, 1846) [P.S., Cranmer II] 4. Archbishop Cranmer on the True and Catholic Doctrine and Use of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, Edited for the Protestant Reformation Society by Charles H. H. Wright, D.D. (London, 1907) [Defince (Ed. Wright)] The following abbreviated forms to be found in the footnotes are also extended here for the convenience of the reader: [Bekenntnisschriften] Die Bekenntnisschriften der Evangelische-Lutherischen Kirche herausgegeben vom Deutschen Evangelischen Kirchenaus­ schuss (Second edition, Göttingen, 1952) [Censura] Censura super libro sacrorum, seu ordinationis ecclesiae atque ministerii ecclesiastici in regno Angliae, ad petitionem R. Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis Thomae Cranmeri, 1551 (in Scripta Anglicana, Basel, 1577) [Cranmer, Catechism] Jonas, , A Short Instruction into Christian Religion, being a Catechism set forth by Archbishop Cranmer in 1548, together with the same in Latin translation from the German by Justus Jonas in 1539, Edited by Edward Burton (Oxford 1829). A Catechism set forth by Thomas Cranmer From the Nurem­ burg Catechism translated into Latin by Justus Jonas. Bibliographical Note 175 Introduced and annotated by D. G. Selwyn (Abingdon, 1978). [Lloyd, Fonnularies] Fonnularies of the Faith put forth hy Authority in the Reign of Henry VIII, Edited by C. Lloyd (Oxford, 1825) [Foxe, A.& M.] Foxe, John, Acts and Monuments, Edited by Josiah Pratt in 8 vols. (London, 18n) [P.S., Latimer II] Latimer, Hugh, Sennons and Remains of , some­ time Bishop of Worcester, Martyr, 1555, Edited for the Parker Society by George Elwes Corrie (Cambridge, 1845) [P.S., Liturgies 01 Edward VI] The Two Liturgies, A.D. 1549, and A.D. 1552: with other Documents set forth hy Authority in the Reign of King Edward VI. .. , Edited for the Parker Society by Joseph Ketley (Cambridge, 1844) [P.S., Ridll!}'] Ridley, Nicholas, The Works of Nicholas Ridll!}', D.D., some­ time Lord , Martyr, 1555, Edited for the Parker Society by Henry Christmas (Cambridge, 1843) [P.S., Zürich Leiters III] Original Leiters relative to the English Refonnation, written during the Reigns of King Henry VIII, King Edward VI, and Queen Mary: Chiefl.y from the Archives of Zürich, Edited in 2 volumes for the Parker Society by Hastings Robinson (Cambridge, 1846-47) Other primary source material is fully set out in text and footnotes when first used. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SECONDARY SOURCES

Bouvier, A., Henri Bultinger riformateur et conseilter oecuminique le successeur de Zwingli (Neuchätel & , 1940). Brightman, F.E., The English Rite, 2 vols. (London, 1915). Brilioth, Y., Eucharistie Faith and Practice, Evangelical and Catho- lic, trans. Hebert, A.G. (London, 1930). Bromiley, G.W., Thomas Cranmer Theologian (London, 1956). Brooks, Peter Newman, Cranmer in Context (Cambridge, 1989). Burnet, Gilbert (Ed. Pocock, N.), History of the Reformation, 7 vols. (Oxford, 1865).

Clark, F., Eucharistie Sacrifice and the Reformation (London, 1960). Constant, G. (trans. Watkin, E.I.), The Reformation in , 2 vols. (London, 1942).

Dix, G., The Shape ofthe LiturlfY (London, 1945). Dixon, R.W., History of the from the Abolition ofthe Roman Jurisdiction, 6 vols. (London, 1878-1902). Dugmore, C.W., The Mass and the English Reformers (London, 1958).

Fischer, R.H. (Ed.), Word and Sacrament III, Vol. 37 in the series Luther's Works, American edition, 55 vols. (8t Louis and Philadelphia, 1961).

Gasquet, F.A., and Bishop, E., Edward VI and the (London, 1890). 176 Seleet Bibliography 01 Secondary Sources 177 Gilbert, W.S., The Savoy Operas, complete text of the G. & S. operas produced between 1875 and 1896 (London, 1952). Gilson, j.P. and Warner, G.F., Catalogue 0] Western MSS in the Old Royal and King's Collections, Vol. I [for Royal MSS, lAI 11 E XI] (Oxford, 1921). Gorharn, G.C., Gleanings 0] a Few Scattered Ears du ring the Period 0] the Reformation in England (London, 1857). Grasse, H., Die Abendmahlslehre bei Luther und Calvin (Güters• loh, 1954).

Heinze, R.W., The Proclamations 0] the Tudor Kings (Cambridge, 1976). Hopf[Hope], C., and the (Ox­ ford, 1946). Hutehinson, F.E., Cranmer and the English Reformation (London, 195 1). jacobs, H.E., The Lutheran Movement in England (Philadelphia, 1891) .

Koehler, W., Dogmengeschichte, 2 vols. (Zurich, 1951); Das Mar­ burger Religionsgespräch 1529: Versuch einer Rekonstruktion (Leipzig, 1929); Zwingli und Luther I: Ihr Streit uber das Abendmahl nach seinen politischen und religiösen Beziehungen (Leipzig, 1924); and Zwingli und Luther 11: Vom Beginn der Marburger Verhandlungen 1529, bis zum Abschluss der Witten­ berger Koncordie von 15fi (Gutersloh, 1953).

Lang, A., Der Evangelienkommentar Martin Butzers und die Grundzuge seiner Theologie (Leipzig, 1900); and Zwingli und Calvin (Bielefeld und Leipzig, 1913). Le Bas, C.W., The Lift 0] Archbishop Cranmer, 2 vols. (London, 1833). 178 Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of the Eucharist Lingard, John, A History of England from the first invasion by the Romans to the Revolution in 1688, 8 vols. (London, 1819-1830).

Manschreck, C.L., Melanchthon: The Quiet Rejormer (New York, 1958). Mason, A.J., Thomas Cranmer (London, 1898). Maxwell, W.D., The Liturgical Portions of the Genevan Service Book (Edinburgh & London, 1931). Maynard, T., The Lift ofThomas Cranmer (London, 1956). McLelland, J.C., The Visible Word!- of God: An Exposition of the Sacramental Theology of Peter Martyr Vermigli A.D. 1500-1562 (Edinburgh & London, 1957). Muller, J.A., and the Tudor Reaction (London, 1926).

Os borne, R.R., Holy Communion in the Church of England (Lon­ don, 1949).

Parker, T.M., The English Reformation to 1558 (Oxford, 1950). Pollard, A.F., Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation (London, 1926). Polman, P., L'Eliment historique dans La controverse religieuse du XVI, siecle (Gembloux, 1932).

Ratcliff, E.C., The booke of common prayer of the Churche of England: its making and revisions M.D. xlix - M.D. clxi (1949). Redworth, G., In Dejence of the Church Catholic: The Lift of Stephen Gardiner (Oxford, 1990). Richardson, C.C., Zwingli and Cranmer on the Eucharist (Evan­ ston, 1949). Ridley, , Lift of Dr. Nicholas Ridley (London, 1763). Ridley, Jasper G., Nicholas Ridley: A Biography (London, 1957); and Thomas Cranmer (Oxford, 1962). Seleet Bibliography of Seeondary Sourees 1 79 Sasse, H., This is my Body: Luther's Contention Jor the Real Presence in the Sacrament of the Altar (Minneapolis, 1959; revised edition Adelaide, 1977). Seeberg, Reinhold, Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte, 4th revised edition, 4 vols. (Basel, 1953-1954). Smyth, C., Cranmer and the Reformation untier Edward VI (Cambridge, 1926). Staehelin, E., Das theologische Lebenswerk Oekolampads (Leipzig, 1939)· Stone, Darwell, A History of the Doctrine of the Hoiy Eucharist, 2 vols. (London, 1909). Strype, john, Memorials of Thomas Cranmer, 3 vols. [Ed. for the Ecclesiastical History Society] (Oxford, 1848-1854).

Todd, H.j., The Lift of Archbishop Cranmer, 2 vols. (London, 1831). TomIinson, j.T. (Ed.), The Great Parliamentary Debate in IS4fJ on the Lord's Supper (London, n.d.).

Vajta, V., Die Theologie des Gottesdienstes bei Luther (Lund, 1952).

Wordsworth, Christopher, Ecclesiastical Biography, 4 vols. (Lon­ don, 1853).

ARTICLES, LECTURES, REVIEWS, etc.

Brooks, Peter Newman, 'Cranmer Studies in the Wake of the Quatercentenary' in the Historical Magaz.ine of ehe Protestant Episcopal Church, vol. XXXI, No. 4 (Dec. 1962 ), pp. 370-372. Dix, G., 'Dixit Cranmer et Non Timuit' I & 11 in the 180 Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine 0/ the Euckarist Church Quarterly Review, vol. CXLV (1947-1948), pp. 145-176, and vol. CXLVI (1948), pp. 44-60. Dugmore, C.W., 'The First Ten Years, 1549-1559', in Lambeth Lectures on 'The English Prayer Book, 1549- 1662' (London, 1963). Ratcliff, E.C., 'The Liturgical Work of Archbishop Cran­ mer' in Thr" Commemorative Lectures delivered in Lam­ heth Palace (London, 1956). 'The English Usage of Eucharistie Consecration, 1548- 1662, 1', in Theology, vol. Ix Oune 1957), pp. 233 f. Selwyn, D.G., 'A Neglected Edition of Cranmer's Catech­ ism', in journal of Theological Studies (New Series), vol. XV, Part I (1964), pp. 76-91. 'A New Version of a Mid-sixteenth-century Vernacular Tract on the Eucharist: A Document of the Early Edwar­ dian Reformation?' A 'Notes and Documents' communica­ tion in the journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 39, NO.2 (April, 1988), pp. 217-229. Symonds, H.E., 'Cranmer and the Edwardine Prayer Books' in Theology, xlix (1946), pp. 171 f. Timms, G.B., 'Dixit Cranmer' in Church Quarterly Review, cxIiii (1947), pp. 217-234, and cxliv (1947), pp. 33-51. Watson, E.W., Review of C.H. Smyth in j.T.S., vol. XXVIII (Jan. 1927), p. 204. INDEX

Where references apply solely to footnotes, they are given in italics.

Absolution 116 Aramaic 5[ Ab Ulmis, John [0 Aristotle (384-322 BC) ix, [9 Accidents 86 Articles Acts of the Apostles 8, 23 XLII ([553) [54 Acts of Uniformity Marburg ([529) 6[-2 ([549) 72, [24 Schmalkaldic ([537) 20 ([552) 76, [62 Six ([539) 9 Adoration of Christ [02 Ascension,ofChrist 75, [7[ of the host 47, 55, [39, [43, Ashes [29 [58, [72 Augsburg Gonftssion ([530) 63,66 Against Marcion (c. 207-), by Augustana Variata ([ 540) 66 T ertullian 51 Augustine of Hippo (354-43°) a Lasco, John see Laski xviii, xxi, 24, 26, 27, 50, 106, Allegory [66 [48 Altar x, 3, 8,9, 25, 26, 27, 57, 6[, Augustinian tradition ix, 59 118, [27, [29, [36 Authority 11, 73 Ambiguities see B.G.P. ([549) Anabaptists 36 Baptism 87, [49 xi, xii, xiv, xv, 53 Basel xviii, [26, [42 Answer to Smith's Priface ([55[), by Bertram see Ratramnus of Corbie Cranmer [2,41,99, /03, 107 Bible see Scripture Answer to Slepkm Gardiner ([ 55 [ ), Biblical theology and scholarship by Cranmer 42, 50, 72, 77, xiii, xv, xvii, xx 83, 88, 119,90,93,94,95, fJ6, 97, see also Scripture 9B, 99,/00, /01, [02, [03, [04, Bilney, Thomas (c. [495-[53[) 105,106,107,108, [11, [37, 4° [4[, [42, [43, [44, [45, [46, Bishop of Rome see also [47, [48, [49, [50, [5[, [52, gB, [21, [3[ [53, [54, [55, [56 Bishops [23, [35 Antichrist 78, 11 0, [32, [38 Blasphemy 81 Antididagma ([544) 22 Bocardo, Town Gaol at Oxford Antwerp xii 110 Aphorisms ([536), ofVadianus 3 Boleyn, Anne ([507-36), Queen of Apostles 74, 77, [[4, [36 England 3 Aquinas, Thomas (c. [225-74) Bonner, Edmund (c. [500-6g), 19, [16 Bishop of London 50 Index

Book oj Gommon PrqyeT (IS49) x, present after consecration 13, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvii, xix, 51-2, 19, 20, 23, So, 63, 75, 8S, 86, 72,76, 1°7, 108, 123, 124, 129, 90, 100, ISO, IS6 133, 134, 13S, 137, 138, 139, sacramental mutation of 92 141, 143, 144-147, 149, IS2, said to preach 9S, 132 IS6,161 the earthly part of a sacrament ambiguities in "3, 134-S 101 appendix 129-30, 131-2, 161 Brenz,johannes (1499-IS70) 21 PrefocI to 129- 30, 133 Breuiary 123, 130 Service of 'Holy Communion, see also Quigiion commonly called the Mass' Brokes, james (ISI2-00), Bishop in 112, 126, 134 of Gloucester I, 13, 38 Book ojGommon Prqyer (ISS2) x, Bucer, Martin (1491-ISSI), xii, xiv-xv, xvii, xix,92, log, Reformer of Strassburg X11l, "3, IS7, 157, IS8-00, 161, 162 xviii, S6, S7, 61, 63, 64, 6S, 66, Book, TIu King's see King's Book 67, 67, 69, 70, 76, 97, 108, 108, (IS43) 109, 116, 143, 144, 148, 149, Book of llu Homilies (1547) see ISO, IS7, IS8, IS9, 160, 161, Homilies 162 Bread and apostle of unity 63 absent after consecration 9 emphasizes preaching ministry are Christ's true body and IS7 blood 20,49,63, 6S, 16S, execrates Mass IS9-00 166, 167, IGg, 171 his Gmsura on B.G.P. (IS49) are Christ's flesh and blood 76, loB, 108-9, 143, IS7, spiritually 83,90, 104, 148, IS9 149, ISI, IS9 influences B.G.P. revision IS6f. are the sacrament of Christ's opposcd to ceremonial IS9, body and blood 75, 90, 92, 160 lOS, 106, 116 opposed to 'consecration' 160, as a communion of Christ's body 161,162 and blood 90, 166 Regius Professor at Cambridge as a figure ofChrist's body and (IS49-SI) 157, 159 blood 88,93, 149 stresscd congregational as efficacious, not empty, signs participation 161-2 1°4 death (IS51) 162 as used in thc 's oblation at Bucker, George 5 consecration 73, 14S-6 see also Damplip, Adam called Christ's body and blood Bugenhagen,johannes (1485- 44, 90, 91, 93, 147 15S8) 64 consccratcd 98, "7, ,,8, 146, Bullinger, Heinrich (1504-74), 147, 148, 149 successor to Zwingli at Zurich eaten in Christ's holy Suppcr xiii, 7, 10, 10, 55, 69, 108, 134, 1°3 135 Index

Burcher, John 10 Church of England, Protestant tide Burnet, Gilbert (1643- 1715), deeds of xi Bishop of Salisbury and Churches see St., and precise Reformation historian 7, 15, dedications 15, 16 Clio, Muse ofHistory 124 Butler, Sir John 6 Colloquy, see Marburg, Colloquyof Buttoll, Sir Gregory 6 Cologne 66, "5, 116, 135 Butzer see Bucer, Martin Confession, of sins 161 'Commission', Windsor, on draft Calais 5, 7, 8, 72 B.C.P. (1549) "9, 124, 125, Calvin,John (1509-1564) ix, xiii, 172 xviii, 61, 66, 67-71, 78 Commissioners, at the Oxford his Institutio (1536) 67,6!) Trial 39 Cambridge 41, 79, 172 Commonplace Books, Cranmer's Candles 136, 160 xviii, xxii, 11,21-36 Canon, Cranmer's 75, 126, 127, Communion, Holy 131, 162 abuse of 87 CarwnMissae 73,74,123,131, daily JOO 158 discipline of self-examination at Caphernaites 169, 170 "4, 118 Carlstadt (Bodenstein, Andreas) everyone to receive for himseJf see Karls tad t 83,100 Catechism, 1548 OustusJonas) 12, frequency of 100 15, 16,41,43-6,60, 144, 151 mystery of 127 Catholic faith 4, 103, 106 B.C.P. Service of (1549) 107, Catholicism x, I 19, 131 108, 109, 112, 113, 126, 127, Censura (1549) see Bucer, 129, 134, 135-7, 139, 143, Martin 144, 145, 146, 149, 152, 153, Ceremonial, in worship 134, 159 156, 158, 159, 160-1 Ceremonies 72, 129-32, 161 B. C.P. Service of ( 1552) 109, Chanting 137 157,157, 158, 159, 161, 162 Chantries, suppression of (1547) The Orderofthe Communion (1548) 140 46,112, "4, "5, 116-17, Charles V (1500-58), Holy Roman 118, 122, 123, 154 Emperor 3 Compostella 155 Cheke, Sir John (1514-57) 38,40, Concord, see Wittenberg Concord 41 Confessio Fidei de Eucharistia, 1537, Cheyney, Richard, Bishop of by John Calvin 67 Gloucester 163 Confessio Tetrapolitana (1530) 63 Christ, His passion 153, 155 Confession Christian, faith xix, 162 auricular I 15 Christology 8, 87, 99, 150 general 115 Chrysostom, John (c. 347-407) Congregations, at worship I 17, 35, 102 118, 127, 161 Index

Consecration, in the Eucharist 9, came unwillingly to a bishopric 74,85,86,92, "7, 118, 143, 79 145, 146-7, 148-9, 150, 152, catechized by Dr Martin 2, 158-61, 162 12 Consensus Tigurinus (1549) 69, 70 catechizes Lambert 8, 15, 16 Constance 63 caution of 75, 112, 113, 118, 'Consubstantiation', so-called 15, 127, 133, 137, 145, 152 16, 17, 18, 19,20 commonplaces, see Continental inßuence ix-xi, xii, Commonplace Books xiii, xiv, xvii, xviii, xx, xxi, concern for Reformed common xxii, xxiii, 21-36,56,59,60 front 54, 84 Convocation 120, 125 contact with Continental Corinthians, St. Paul's First Epistle Reformers xiii, I I, 16,54, to the, Chapters 10 and I I 74, 142, 144, 148, 149-5°, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 48, 50, 64, 157, 159 84,90,166 conversion to 'True' Presence Corporal Presence see Presence, doctrine xiii, 38, 40-I, 46, 'Real' 55,60, 149, 15 1 Corpus Christi College, eonvinced of 'Real' Presence 4, Cambridge 37,41, 163, 164 8,91 Corpus Juris Canonici 92 dibut as adherent of 'True' Council see Privy Council Presence doctrine in Lords' Council of Trent 5, 55 Debate (1548) 43,46-53 Cox, Richard, first Dean of Christ disputes at Oxford 58 Church,Oxford 125, 137 doctrine of 'consecration' 92, Cranmer, Thomas (1489-1556), 143, 145, 146-7, 148-9, 150, Archbishop of Canterbury 152, 158-61, 162 ambassador in the 1530S xxii, 3 Erasmian urbanity 126 and Bucer 115, 116, 143, 144, figurative grasp of Dominical 148, 149-50, 157, 159-62 words of Institution 78, 88, and Oecolampadius 90,91, 97, 89,93 126, 142 harried by Hooper 108, 135-7 approach to liturgical composition his Catechism 12, 16,60 91,93, 1°7, 108, 113, 115, his Chaplain-secretaries I I, 43 116, "7, 118-19, 122-3, his fathcr-in-Iaw, Osiander I I 124-5, 126-7, I 28f., 144-5, his learning XVIII, 5, 39, 40 146-50, 152-3, 155, 157-9, holds to presence in usu 161-2 sacramenti 97-8, 10 I attempts to convert Frith 16 independence of mind xxi-xxiii, author of Homily of Salvation 5,60,71,91 xii, 83, 138 last words concerned with the belief in justiJicatio sola fole 78, Eucharist I 10, I I I 79-80, 83, 94, 106, 120, 12 I , liturgical study I 12, I 19, 124, 138, 153-4 126 Index

Lutheran 'phase' or leanings 2, urged attendance at the Lord's 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Supper 100, 134 17-37, 84 use of 'realist' language 102, man of common prayer 124, 144 129, 132, 162 use of reason 84, 87 martyr 15, 110 victim of party strife x-xii, not a great theologian 55, 78, xv 88 writes to Archdeacon Hawkins not a 'Zwinglian' 24,31,36, 3 5 1-4,90 writes to Vadianus 3 opposed to writings: see Answer to Gardiner adoration of Host 47, 98, (1551); Book(s) ofCommon 143 Prayer (1549 and 1552); idea of sacraments as Commonplace Books; instrumenta gratiae 94, 96 Deftnce (I 550); De re late-medieval doctrine of Sacrammtaria; and the propitiatory sacrifice 73, Homi/y of Salvation 74, 76, 77, 80, 82 Creed 43,44, 98, 120 superstitious practices 8, 80, Cromwell, Thomas (c. 1485- 85, 87, 96, 107 1540) 8, 10, 18, 19 transubstantiation ix, 46, 74, Cuming, G.]. xv n, 84 Cyprian ofCarthage (d. 258) 24, Oxford Trial 12, 16,39 26, 27, 35, 50 pastoral concern and practice Cyril of Alexandria (d. 44 1) 35, 122, 123, 128, 145, 154-5 50, 168 scorns Stephen Gardiner 89,97, 107, 144, 150- 1 D' Ailly, Pierre (1350-1420), sursum corda approach to the Cardinal 19 Sacrament 101, 102, 158 Damplip, Adam 5,6-8, 10, 14, understanding of the Continental 18,19 Reformers ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, Daniel, Book of 116 xiv, 16,21,22-37,55,71,74, Das diese wort Christi, 1527, by 90-1, 112, 114-16, 123, 126, Martin Luther 24-34 130, 142, 148-9, 15 1, 157, Day, George, Bishop of Chi chester 159, 161 50, 12 5 understanding of the Fathers ix, Deacon 116 xiii, 11,21,34-5,39,40,41, Debate, the Lords' on the 42,45,53,55,56, 71, 77,84, Sacrament (14-18 December, 86,87,89,91,92,93, 107, 1548) 40, 43, 46-53 143, 148-9, 150, 152, 153 Decalogue 157 understanding of Holy Scripture De Captivitate Babylonica, 1520, by 11,12,21,36-7,39,40,41, Martin Luther 19 42,48,55,56, 71,84,87,88, De Corpore et Sanguine Domini, by 106 Ratramnus xiii, 39, 41-2 186 Index

Difence, '550, by Thomas Cranmer Elevation, ofthe Host '39, '45, '3,4',42,45,5°,69, 77, 78, '52 79,80,8,,82,83,84,85,86, Emden xii 87, 88,~,90, 9',92,~,94,95, Emperor see Chartes V g6, 97,98,99, 100, 102, 103, 104, Enarratio de Coena Domini see lOS, 106, '07, ,oB, '29, '4', Caleckism ijustus jonas); '44- 0/ tIu Communion De genuina lIlTborum Domini, '525, Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis (c. by johannes Oecolampadius 3'5-403) 5° 50-1, '42 EpistIe to the Hebrews 8, De re Sacramentaria 4'-3 EpistIes of St. Paul 79, 11 8, '26, Detection 0/ the Devil's Sopkistry, '32-3, '48 '546, by Stephen Gardiner 77 Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum 57 Devil, the 25, 26, 27, "3, '32 Erasmus, Desiderius (c. '466- Devon and Cornwall, rebeIs in '536) xviii, '26, '43 ('549) 112, '27-35 his Parapkrases '4, '43 Dialogus, '530, by johannes Essex, Earl of see Cromwell, Oecolampadius 34, 35, 38 Thomas Disputation, the Oxford ('555) 76 Eucharist Dix, Dom Gregory x, 58 abuse of the Sacrament 68, 77, Dryander, Francesco, Spanish 85, 87, "4, '2', '22, '29, exile '34-5 '3'-2, '36, '54-5, ,60 Dudley, john, (c. '5°2-53), as sacramentum unitatis 55 Viscount Lisle, Earl of Christ's institution of 35, 62, Warwick and Duke of 68, 74,84,85,90, 112, '32 '34, '37, commonplaces and tracts '39, '40 concerning ", 2', 23-36 Dunelm, see Tunstall, Cuthbert, compared with Baptism 8;, '49 Bishop of London and of Erasmian notion of 64, '26, '43 Durharn heresies concerning the Dugmore, C. W. viii-x, xii, xxi, presence 5, 6, '7 52,52 , 59, 59, 109 manducatio impiorum 63,64, 'Dynamic receptionism', so-called 106, '48 55 manducatio indignorum ~,'48 manducatio oralis 63, '05 Eating no propitiatory sacrifice 9, 74, bodily "4, 116, 118 77,80-3, '55 sacramental 95, '00, '04, '48 physical analogy of God's spiritual 46, 87, 95, '02-3, 106, spiritual sustenance 95, '50 '3 2 , '47, '48, '5' remains bread and wine after Ebion '50 consecration 23, 50, 75, 85, Edward VI ('537-53), King of 87, '59-60 England xvii, 77, 112, "3, sacrament ofChrist's body and '24, ,62 blood 6" '47, '59 Index

subject of bitter controversy x, 111,112,119,120,121,122, xvii, 59, 77, 88 137, 138-46, 149, 150, 151, unio sa&Tammtalis 63, 64 152, 156, 158, 160 Evangelists, the 23, 115 author, De VITa obedimtia Explication aruJ Assertion of the Tnu: (1535) 140 Gatlwlic Faith, 1550, by author, Explication aruJ Assertion Stephen Gardiner 77 (1550) 141 brilliant lawyer Sg, 8,9, 119 dealings with the Council 119, Fagius, Paul 54, 76 122, 138-40, 142 Faith 20,37,62,71,79,82,94, deprived of bishopric (1551) 100, 102, 105, 138, 143, 149, 6 14° 153-5,15 foremost foe of Cranmer xii, see also: Justificatio sola jide Falkland, Lord, of Great Chew 141 frustrates Cranmer by xiv abusing word 'catholic' 141 Fathers ix, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxii, 5, affording praise for B.G.P. 11, 39, 45, 50, 59, 71,84,87, (1549) 112, 141 Sg, 90, 92, 93, 1°7, 126, 142, denouncing Ordinal (1550) 15°,152 see also Patristic appeal and 138 finding 'adoration' in B.G.P. authority Figures, and figurative interpretation (1549) 143 finding 'consecration' in B.G.P. 49,50-1,62,67,82,85,88-9, 93, 115, 147, 149, 160 (1549) 143 terming justijicatio sola jide 'a see also John, Gospel of St., sophism' 120 Chapter 6 imprisoned in the Fleet 137 Florilegia see Commonplace imprisoned in the Tower 138, Books Formularies of the Faith, Henrician 142 loyal to the King's Book (1543) see Artic\es, Six; The King's Book 120 opposed to Book of the Homilies Foxe,John (1516-87), (1547) 120 martyrologist I, 7, 12, 14, 16, opposed to the Pope 121 109,110-11 scholastic viewpoint of 122 Frequency of Communion 100 'wily Winchester' xii, 121, 141 Frith, John (c. 1503-33) ix, xvii, Gelasius (d. 4g6) 35 g, 16,91 Geneva 67, 70 Fuller, Tom (1608-61) xxii Gloria see Prayers of B.G.P. Gloucester see Brokes, James, Gardiner, Stephen (c. 1490-1555), Bishop of Bishop ofWinchester xii,7, 'Godly Synod' 5, 55 13,45,50, 72,77,89,93,97, Goodrich, Thomas, Bishop of Ely 99, lOg, 105, 1°7, 108, 110, 125 188 Index

Gospel, the, of Christ 24, 62, 74, Set also Communion, Eucharist 78, 85, 157, 164 and Mass Grace, in the Sacrament 62, 66, Homilies, tkt Boolr. iif lhe (1547) 94,g6 xii, 119-20, 137, 157 Grafton, Richard, Printer of the 0/ Good Worb xi B.C.P. 124 0/ Failh xi, xii Greenfield, Master 6 iif Salvation xi, xii Honour, Luther's discussion of Hamburg 70 God's 24f.,31 Hardenberg, Albert (c. 1510-74) Hooper, John (d. 1555), Bishop of 54 Gloucester and Worcester Hawkins, Nicholas, Archdeacon of 108, 135-7, 140 Ely 3,15 elose colleague of Bullinger Heathen, the 24, 26, 27 135-6 Heaven, Christ's body in 8, 64, 67, opposed to Cranmer's 1549 68,59,97-9, 101-2, 107, 17 1 Liturgy 135-7 Heinze, R. W. "3-14, 177 popular preacher 135 Henry VIII (1491-1547), King of Host, in the Mass 6,47,55 England 12,40,45, "3, 121, Hours, canonical 136 124 Humanism xx, 66 his settlement of Religion "9 Human nature, of Christ 99 Heresy I, 12,86,110 Hymns 136 Hermann von Wied (1477-1552), Archbishop-Elector of Iconoelasm 113 Cologne 66, 114, 116, 158 Idolatry 80,87, 129, 154 drafts Services with Bucer 114-16 Immortality 103 his Simplex ac pia deliberalio 'Impanation' 114 (1543) 123, 158 Incarnation,ofChrist 24-7, Herne, Kent 39 Hesse see Philip, Landgrave of 32-4,96 Inconveniences of the Scholastic Hesse doctrine of the eucharistie High Priest, the role of Christ as presence 85 81,82 Institutio Christianae /Uligionis, Hilary ofPoitiers (c. 315-67) 35 Historiography viii-xi, xiii-xv, 1536, by John Calvin 67,59 Institution of the Lord's Supper 14, 60 d passim 35,36,67,68,74,84,85,88, Set also Cranmer, Lutheran 'phase' or leanings go,159-60 In lISIl SfJ&1"fJIrImti Set Presence Holbeach, Henry, Bishop of Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons Lincoln 125 (c. 130-c. 200) 35, 50 Holy Communion 107, loB, 109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 126, 127, 128, 136, 146, 149, 155, Jargon, weird Set 'Label' 159, 160, 161-2 descriptions Index 189 Jenkyns, Henry, Fellow of Oriel Latin, editions, rites and and Cranmer scholar 8, 8, translations 16, 24, 25, 29, 9, 9, 15, 21, 41, 41 , 42 , 38, 43, 44, 72, 73, 74, 76, /08, 173 133, 153 Jerome (c. 343-420) 35 language discontinued 132-3, Jerusalem 155 137 Jewel,John (1522-71), Bishop of Laud, William (1573-1645), Salisbury ix Archbishop of Canterbury xiv Jews 83 Law (Decalogue) 157 John, St., Apostle 50, 116, Lay people 83 166 Leo, St. (d. 461), Pope of Rome John, Gospel of St., Chapter 6 48, (from 440) 35 49, 62, 88, /06, 166 Leo XIII (1810-19°3), Pope of Jonas, Justus (1493- 1555) 15, 16, Rome (from 1878) x 43,60, 143, 15 1 Lindau 63 Judgement, God's 111 Lisle, Arthur Plantagenet, Justijicatio sola fide xii, XIII, xxi, Viscount 6 76, 78, 79, 83, 94, 106, 120, Litany, the English 116 121, 138 Liturgies Genevan 67 Kappel 70 Greek 116 Karlstadt, Andreas (c. 1480- Liturgiologists xv, 74 1540) 36, 113 Liturgy 1,45,60,72,73,76,93, King's Book, The (1543) 9, 10, 120 102, 107, 108, 109, 112-13, Koehler, Walther xvii, 19,24,51, 116, 127, 129, 130, 132, 135, 61,63,64,64, /01, 177 144-5, 152, 157, 161-2 Kurzes Bekenntnis vom heiligen see also: Book(s) of Common Prayer Sakrament, 1544, by Martin Lollards xxii Luther 63 London xii, 135 London see Ridley, Nicholas, 'Label' descriptions of the Bishop of Eucharistie prescnce 17, 43, Lords' Debate see Debate, the 55-8 Lords' Lambcrt (alias Nicholson), John (d. Lord's Supper see Communion, 1538) 5, 8, 15, 16 Eucharist and Mass Lambeth 52, 53, 76, 109, 173 Lord's Table 105 Lancashire xii Luke, St., Evangelist, Gospel Laski (30 Lasco),John (1499- according to 23, 29-30, 166 1560) 52,53,54 Luther, Martin (1483-1546) ix, Last Supper 51,64, 160, 165 xx, 2,9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, see also Communion, Eucharist 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, and Mass 3°,3 1 ,33,34,35,37,53,60, Latimer, Hugh (c. 1485-1555), 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 99, Bishop ofWorccstcr ix, 59, 76 101, 120, 126, 143 Index

Luthcr, Martin-continued questions on (Cranmer's) 123 his Formula missae et communionis ridiculed 76, 78, 80, 81 (1523-4) 112 turned into a Communion 126, his hcresy 120-1 12 7, 155 Lutheran Churches xiv Masses Lutheran 'phase' see Cranmer, for the dead 81, 128 Lutheran 'phase' or leanings private 76 Lutheran Reform xi, xx, xxiii, 22, Matrimony, 'Form of Solemnization 60,61 of B.C.P. 157 Lutheran teaching xi Matthew, SI., Apostle and Evangelist 23, 166 M~esty, God's 120 May, William, Dean of St. Paul's Manducatio impiorum 48, 63, 64, 125 106, 148 Melanehthon, Philip (1497-1560) Manducatio indignorum 64, 148 xiii, xviii, 54, 55, 65, 66, 66, 69, Manducatio oralis 63, 105 70, 78, 142, 143 Manual (or Sacerdotal) 123 Memmingen 63 Marburg, Colloquy 01' (1529) 61, Memorial Aspeet of the Sacrament 62, 63-4, 64, 65, 70, 99, 101 73, 74, 80, 83, 103, 166 Marcion 150 Ministers, of religion I 15, I 18, Mark, SI., Evangelist 23, 166 155,160 Marriage, of elcrgy 134 Miracles 20, 31, 32-4 Martin, Dr. Thomas 2, 7, 12 Missal, Sarum xii, 74 Martyr, Petcr (1500-62) 59,75,93 Missals, Latin 116 Martyrologist see Foxe, John Monasteries, Dissolution of 122 74, 77 Myconius,Oswald 142 Mary, the B.V.M. 32-4 Mystery of the faith 46, 68, 80, Mary I (1516-58), Queen of 107, 164, 167, 169, 172 England 77, 125, 162 Mystical body 104, 164 Mass ix, 6, 9, 12,47, 72, 76, 77, Mystical Supper 68, 107 78,80,99, 102, lOg, 112, 113, 'New Divinity' 54,60, 125 117,122,126, 129,134,140, NewTestament 116,128,159 140, 152, 154, 155, 159-60 Nestorius 150 Canon ofthe 126,131,162 'Note-book' see: De re Sacramentaria elimax of, in consecration 146 Easter 128 Oblation High 136 Christ's unique 73,80,81,83,154 idolof 136 praycr of 74, 145, 152 miracle of 20 spiritual 161 mystery of 127 the priest's 73, 83, 172 saerifice of 6,9,12,73,77,.81, Oecolampadius, Johannes (1482- 129, 153 1531) xvii, xviii, 3, 4, 21, 22, no sacrifiee 9, 73, 80, 122, 129, 34,35,50 ,51,65,90 ,91,97, 152, 153 101, 126, 142 Index

'Old authors' 45, 90, 91 Philip, Landgrave of Hesse 61 81, 82, 96 Philosophy see Scholastic dogma Oral manducation see: Manducatio and terminology oraUs Piety, popular 122, 128, 129, 131, Order 0/ the Communion, (1548) 133, 155 see Communion, The Order 0/ Pilgrimage 114 Ordinal, The (1550) 138 Pio Lectori, Cheke's foreword to the Ornaments, Church 114 Defence (Emden, 1557) 38 Osiander, Andreas (1498-1552) Politicians x 11, 15 Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (c. 69- Oxford I, 7, 12, 13, 16,38,58,76, c. 155) 50 110, 172 Pontijical I 23 Pope 1,110 Palms 129 see also Bishop of Rome Papal doctrines and theologians Prayer Book see Book(s) 0/ 15,85 Common Prayer, 1549 and 1552 Papists 18,84,98, 136-137 Prayer of Oblation 74 Parishes, coun try 122 Prayers for the dead 128 Parliament xiv, 114, 124, 162 Presence, Eucharistic, mode of Partaking of Christ 100, 103 in usu sacramenti 44, 46, 66, 96, Passion, of Christ 75, 80, 153, 97, 149 154, 155 'Real' or corporal 4, 8, 12, 13, Passover 89 15, 18, 20, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, Patristic appeal and authority 34,37,40,41 ,62,65,67,91, 11, 21, 34,38, 39, 40, 42, 45, 96,98, /03, 163, 172 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 60, 77, 84, 'True' or spiritual xiii, 43, 46, 86,87,91,93, 107,126,142, 51,53,55,61,67,69,7°,76, 150, 152 88, 93, 97, 101, 102, 103, Paul, Apostie and Saint 8, 20, 23, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 163 25, 26, 27, 48, 50, 66, 77, 79, 12,82,83, 115, 123, 126, 84,85, 115, 125, 126, 148 128, 133, 136, 146, 151, 153, his emphasis on the vernacular 155, 156 132-3 Primitive Church 5, 54, 59, 77, his plea that the Corinthians 122 examine themsclves before Privy Council 113, 117, 119, 122, the breaking ofbread 118 12 7, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142 Person of Christ, the 83, 150 Processional 123 Peter Martyr see Martyr, Peter Proclamations see Statute of Petit Traicti de la Saincte Cene, Proclamations 1541, by John Calvin 68, Prolocutor at the Oxford Trial 39 70-1 Protestants VIII-IX, xi, 57, 114, Petre, Sir William (c. 1505-72), 134, 135, 157 Secretary to the Council 139 Psalter 123 Pharisees 83 Pulpits 114 Index

Punishmcnt, eternal 106 Reformed faith xxii, 7, 47, 50, 55, Purgatory 155 76, 94, 97, 107, 119 Reformers Quatcrccntenary of Cranmer's Continental ix-xiii, xviii, xx, death 57,58, 110 xxi, I 1,35,54,59,61, 70, Queries concerning lhe Mass (1547- 88, 12 7, 134 48) 47 English VIII-XV, 40, 45, 59 Quigrion, Cardinal Francisco (d. Swiss x-xiii, 1,4,22,34,36, 1540), 61,9°,91 his Reformed Breviary (1535) Regeneration 106, 149 130, 131 Remission of sins 48, 79, /00, 114 Quinccntenary of Cranmer's Research, Cranmer's xxii, 41, birth xix 78-79 Resurrection,ofChrist '15 Ratcliff, E. C. xv, xxv, 73, 74,92, Reverence necessary at the 108, 109, 178, 180 Eucharist 105, 115, 118, 158, Radbertus, Paschasius 116 161 Ratramnus of Corbie (d. 868) xiii, Revision sec Book of Common 39, 4 1-2, 59 Prayer (1552) 'Realist' language 69, 86, 92, 102, Richardson, C. C. x, 40,53, 58, 103 58, 89, 105, 178 'Real' Presencc see Presence, Real Ridley, Nicholas (e. 1500-55), Reason, appeal to 84, 87 , and of Recantations, of Cranmer I 10 London ix, 10, 18, 38, 39, 40, Receiving Christ, not confined to 41 ,42,59, 125, 137, 140 the Sacrament 94 Riots, Prayer-Book (1549) I 12, 'Reeeptionism', so-called 55 127f., 133-4 Redemption 79, 80, 83, 94 Rivalry, Cranmer versus Gardiner Redman, John, Master of Trinity see Gardiner 125 Robertson, Thomas, Archdeacon of Reformation, of the sixteenth Leicester 125 century xi, xvii, xx, xxii, 45, Roman abuse 4, 39, 107, 129, 75,76, 78,85, 107, 124, 142 13of., 136-7, 154-5, 159, 160 Reformation, of Cologne Church Roman Church 3, 39,57, 87 66, 114-15, 123, 158 Roman doctrine I, 3, 7, 10, 16, Reformation Studies xviii, xix 17, 37, 44, 45, 48, 78, 84, 93, Reformed Churehes 102, 135, 148 100,111,131- 2,155,159-61 , Rcformed common front 68, 71, 163 84 Romans, Paul's Epistle to the 29, 30 Reformed Confessions of Faith Rome 155 Confessio Tetrapolitana (1530) Rosary beads 129 63 Rubrics, B.C.P. 74, 75, 116, 117, Consensus Tigurinus (1549) 69, 118, 127, 130 7° Rupp, E. G., xi, xiii Index 193

Sacerdotal (Manual) [ 23 Scripture 4, 5, ", 2 [, 22, 24, 25, Sacrament 27,30,36,40,4[,42,47,49, as a figure or sign 9, 62, 88, 89, 50,5[,59,60,62,64, 7[, 79, 90, 92, 93, 104, [47 84,87,88,89,96,98, 106, [22, as mystery 46, 68, 94, 107, [33 [53, [67, '70, [72 Sects xiv as spiritual food 67,86, 87, Sclwyn, D.G. 37, [7[-2, [74, [80 88, 90, 95, 100, [0[, 102, Sentences from the Fathers concerning 103, [04, [06, [47-9, [5[ the Lord's Supper, [530, by as a vehicle of grace 62 Philip Mclanchthon 65 imparts Christ's 'real' substance Scpulchrc 6 7[ Sermon, no instrument of grace 92, 94, bread and wine 'preach' 95 96 Dr Cole's sermon [10 of the altar 2, 3, 9, 6 [ Sermon of the Communion, J ustus to strengthen the faithful 9, 65, Jonas Catechism 44 86, 95, [03, [49 Service Books see: Book of reserved 46, 47, [43, [5[ Common Prayer Sacramen tal Presence see Seymour, Edward (c. [506-[552), Presenee Earl of Hertford and Duke of Sacramentals [29, [3[-2 Somcrsct, Lord Protcctor Sacramentarians 22, 24, 34 "3, "4, "7, "9, [20, [22, Sacrifice [34 of Christ on Calvary 73, 78, 79, Short Confession of the Holy 80,8[,82, [22, [53, [54, Sacrament, [544, by Martin [55, [59 Luther 62 of praise and thanksgiving 74, Sins, forgiveness of 48, 79,80,8[, [27, [29, [52 94 Old Testament 9,8[,82 Six Articles see Articles, Six propltlatory 6,9, [2, 73, 74, 77, Skip, John, Bishop of Hereford [25 80,8[,87, [22, [26-7, [29 Smith, Richard [2 Saints [33 Smyth, C. H., xiv, xxvi, 17, 52, S. Katharina Kirche, Hamburg 56,56, [79 70 Soul 95, [00, [03 St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford [, Souls, care of [[4 "0 Spirit, The Holy 36, 68, 94, 103, Salvation 7, 9, 80, 94, [32 [04 Sarum see Missal, Sarum Spiritual or 'Truc' Prcscnce see Schmalkaldic Articles, see Articles, Prcsence, 'Truc' Schmalkaldic State affairs in England [ [ [ Scholastic dogma and terminology Statute of Proclamations ([ 539) xx, 8, 14, [9, 20, 85, [22 "4 Schoolmcn ix Strassburg xiii, 63, 64, 67, 76, /08, Scriptural theology xvii, xx, 56 [59 Index

Strype, John (1643-1737), Tradition, Church VIJI Reformation historian 7, 15, Traheron, Bartholomew 10 /5, 16,42 Translator's licence 43 Substance 18,20,71,87,92,93, Transubstantiation ix, x, 7, 8, 12, 100, 105, 168 13, /4, 15, 18, 19, 20, 37, 40, Supcrstitious practices 6, 8, 76, 42 , 46, 57, 74, 77, 85, 87, 100, 80, 109,131,132 160, 163 Supper of the Lord see Trent see Council ofTrent Communion; Eucharist; Mass Trial, Cranmer's at Oxford 13, Supper-strife 30, 59, 77, 80, 88 16,58 Sursum corda approach 69, 101, Trial of Lambert 'the heretic' 15 102, 158 Tridentine Fathers 55 'Suvermerianism', so-callcd xiv, 'True' Presence see Presence, 56-7 'True' Swiss doctrine I, 10, 17, 22, 35, Tunnel period, in Cranmer's ]6,55,60, 112 eucharistie development /4 Syllabub 151 Tunstall, Cuthbert (1474-1559), Symbolism 1,93, 160 Bishop of London, and of Synod see 'Godly synod' Durham 49 Synoptic account of the institution Turk, the 64 of thc Lord's Supper 84, 85, 89 Ubiquity 8 U niformity see Acts of U niformity Tables, Communion 136 Unique oblation, Christ's 81 Temple, The 25, 26, 27 Utenhove, John 75 Terminology, traditional 105, 107 see also 'Label' descriptions Vadianus (von Watt), Joaehim Tertullian (c. 160-c. 220) 50,5/, (1485-1551) xxi, 3-5, 54 90 Valentinus 150 Testament, Christ's 80, 94 Variata: see Augustana Variata see also Ncw Testament; Old Vernacular, use of 76, 112, 118, Testament 125, 126, 132-3, 134, 136-7, Thanksgiving 73, 74, 12 7, 129, 172 152 Vestments 13 1, 136, 151, 160 Thcology x, xii, XIII, xvii, XX, 2 I, Vietorians 55 36,57,60,61,62,64, 78 Vigils 133 Thirlby, Thomas, Bishop of Virgin Mary see Mary, the Wcstminster 125 B.V.M. Thomas see Aquinas 'Virtualism', so-called 56 Tractatio de Sacramento Eucharistiae, Vom Anbeten des Sakraments des 1549, by Peter Martyr 93 heiligen Leichnams Christi, 1523, Tracts, various 11, 41, 42, 68, 70, by Martin Luther 9 71,93,99 Vulgatc text 22, 23, 64 Index 195

Wales 72 Wittenberg Concord (1536) 65 Waltham 120 Word, God's 30, 35, 36, 37, 77, Weald, of Sussex xii /05, 157 Western Chureh XXIII, I, 123 Words of Institution 63, 74, 163 Weston, Hugh 76 Worms 66 Westphal, Joaehim 70, 70 Worship xv, 102, 109, 162 Whitehureh, Edward, printer /24 decency and good order in 130 Wider die himmlischen Propheten, Worthy receivers 167 1525, by Martin Luther 20 Wilderness, Christ led by the Devil Zurieh 62, 63 from the 26, 27 Zwingli, U1rieh (1484-1531), Winehester see Gardiner, Reformer of Zurieh ix, xviii, Stephen, Bishop of XX, 4, 21, 22, 24, 28, 30, 31, 36, 'Windsor Commission' (1548-49), 50, 54, 58, 62, 64, 65, 67, 70, on the draft B.C.P. 119, 124, 89,9°,97, 105, 116, 121, 135 125, 172 'Zwinglian', Cranmer cnarged with Wine see Bread and Wine sueh sympathics 10, 51, 52, Wittenberg 10, 16,21,34,36,60, 53,58,58,7° 63,148 Zwinglianism x, xi, xii