CONTENTS

Volume One

Introduction ...... 1

1. The Korean-American Relations during the Post-World War II Period ...... 11 Han Sung-joo

2. Sino-North Korean Relations before the Outbreak of the ...... 37 Hak-chun

3. The Thirty-Eighth Parallel in ...... 59 Shannon McCune

4. Internal Warfare in Korea, 1948–1950: The Local Setting of the Korean War ...... 69 John Merrill

5. The Shifting Strategic Value of Korea, 1942–1950 ...... 105 Masao Okonogi

6. American-Soviet Rivalry in Korea, 1945–1948 ...... 141 Park Hong-kyu

7. Lessons from the Past: The First Wave of Developmental Assistance to and the German Reconstruction of Hamhùng ...... 159 Rüdiger Frank

8. China’s Decision to Enter the Korean War: History Revisited .... 193 Hao Yufan and Zhai Zhihai vi contents

9. The War’s Impact on the Korean Peninsula ...... 219 B.C. Koh

10. Kim II Sung’s Campaign against the Soviet Faction in Late 1955 and the Birth of Chuch’e ...... 239 Andrei N. Lankov

11. Ideology as Smokescreen: North Korea’s Thought ...... 267 Brian Myers

12. The Politics of Conference: The Political Conference on Korea in Geneva, 26 April–15 June 1954 ...... 289 Jong Yil Ra

13. Park Chung Hee, the CIA & the Bomb ...... 311 Peter Hayes and Chung-in Moon

14. The Major Powers and the Korean Triangle ...... 325 Ilpyong J. Kim

15. North Korea’s Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo: A Critique ...... 343 Jae Kyu Park

16. The North Korean Struggle for Survival: 1980–1990 ...... 357 Sofijie Bosma

17. The Rajin-Sonbong Free Trade Zone Experiment: North Korea in Pursuit of New International Linkages ...... 375 James Cotton

18. The Collapse of Soviet and Russian Trade with the DPRK, 1989–1993: Impact and Implications ...... 395 Nicholas Eberstadt, Marc Rubin and Albiba Tretyakova

Volume Two

19. The Gradualist Pipe-Dream: Prospects and Pathways for Korean Reunifijication ...... 409 Aidan Foster-Carter contents vii

20. Unifijication Through a Korean Commonwealth: Blueprint for a National Community ...... 427 Lee Hong-koo

21. Northeast Asian Economic Cooperation and The Tumen River Area Development Project ...... 439 Andrew Marton, Terry McGee and Donald G. Paterson

22. Background and Options for Nuclear Arms Control on the Korean Peninsula ...... 467 Kongdan Oh

23. Beyond the DMZ: The Possibility of Civil Society in North Korea ...... 497 Charles K. Armstrong

24. Economic Security in the DPRK ...... 517 Bradley O. Babson

25. The Role of ’s NGOs: The Political Context ...... 535 Chung Oknim

26. Why Hasn’t the DPRK Collapsed? ...... 571 Nicholas Eberstadt

27. Dreaming an Impossible Dream? Opening, Reform and the Future of the North Korean Economy ...... 603 Rűdiger Frank

28. Looking Across the Yalu: Chinese Assessments of North Korea ...... 611 Banning Garrett and Bonnie Glasser

29. Europe and North Korea ...... 631 Michael Hindley and James Bridges

30. Women, Resistance and the Divided Nation: The Romantic Rhetoric of Korean Reunifijication ...... 645 Sheila Miyoshi Jager viii contents

31. Rhetoric Versus Reality for the Women of North Korea: Mothers of the Revolution ...... 669 Kyungja Jung and Bronwen Dalton

32. On the Nature of the North Korean State ...... 693 Hakjoon Kim

33. North Korean Market Vendors: The Rise of Grassroots Capitalists in a Post-Stalinist Society ...... 711 Andrei Lankov and -hyang

34. Kim Country: Hard Times in North Korea ...... 735 Gavan McCormack

Volume Three

35. Benchmarks of Economic Reform in North Korea ...... 769 Patrick McEachern

36. The Future of the North Korean System ...... 787 Moon, Chung-in Kim, Yongho

37. The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex ...... 823 Dick K. Nanto and Mark E. Manyin

38. The Politics of Famine in North Korea ...... 853 Andrew Natsios

39. Food Security: The Case for Multisectoral and Multilateral Cooperation ...... 877 Hazel Smith

40. North Korea: Market Opportunity, Poverty and the Provinces ...... 899 Hazel Smith

41. The NGO Experience in North Korea ...... 931 Scott Snyder contents ix

42. Understanding the North Korean Political Framework ...... 947 Chul Yang Sung

43. Negotiating with North Korea: Lessons Learned and Forgotten ...... 983 Robert Carlin

44. North Korea’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: Badges, Shields, or Swords? ...... 999 Victor D. Cha

45. Sunshine over a Barren Soil: The Domestic Politics of Engagement Identity Formation in South Korea ...... 1025 Jong Kun Choi

46. North Korea in the Vice ...... 1045 Gavan McCormack

47. The Six Party Talks: A Russian Perspective ...... 1069 Georgy Toloraya

48. A Political History of Soviet-North Korea Nuclear Cooperation ...... 1091 Alexander Zhebin

Index Nominum ...... 1105