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Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. T-7100-IN TECHNICAL ANNEX ON A PROPOSED LOAN AND CREDIT Public Disclosure Authorized TO INDIA FOR AN ANDHRA PRADESH HAZARD MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY CYCLONE RECOVERY PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized April 11, 1997 Energy and Infrastructure Operations Division Country Department 11 Public Disclosure Authorized South Asia Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVAL[NTS (as of March 1997) Currency Unit = Indian Rupees (Rs) US$1.00 - Rs35.50 WEIGHTS AND MEAStURES I meter (m) 3.228 feet I kilometer (km) 0.62 miles I hectare (ha) 2.47 acres (ac) 10 lakhs Rs. I million I crore Rs. 10 minillion Fiscal Year of Borrov-er April 1 - March 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AP = Andhra Pradesh APDMC = AP Disaster Mitigation Council APDMU AP Disaster NManagementUnit APRSAC = Al' Remote Sensing Applications Center APSEB = AP State Electricity Board CERP = Cyclone ElmergencyReconstruction Project DDMC = District Disater Management Committee GOAP - Governmienief Andhra Pradesh GOI - Government ol lndia ICB = International Competitive Bidding ICR = Implemenitation Completion Report IMD = India Meteorological Department NCB - National Competitive Bidding NGO = Non-GovernmnentalOrganization O&M = Operation and Maintenianice PMU - Project Management Unit SOE - Statement of Expenditures TOR = T erms of Re terence Vice President : Mieko Nishimizu Director : Robert S. Drysdale Division Chief : Jean-Francois Bauer Task Manager .lelena Pantelic FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH HAZARD MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY CYCLONE RECOVERY PROJECT TECHNICAL ANNEX Table of Contents Page No. Background ........ ........................................................................... I Area Description .................................................................................... I Vulnerability to Natural Hazards.................................................................................... I AP Vulnerability Profile.................................................................................... 2 Vulnerability Factors.................................................................................... 3 Disaster Management Record .................................................................................... 4 Previous Bank Involvement.................................................................................... 5 The November 1996 Cyclone Disaster .................................................................................... 6 Pre-cyclone Actions and Disaster Relief .................................................................................... 6 Needs and Priorities .................................................................................... 7 Janmabhoomi - A Vehicle for Community Mobilization .................................................................................... 8 Bank Response and Strategy .................................................................................... 9 Rationale for Bank Involvement.................................................................................... 9 Project Objectives ................................................................................... 9 Recovery Strategy .................................................................................... 9 Project Description .................................................................................... 11 Project Components................................................................................... 11 Project Cost and Financing Plan ................................................................................... 18 Hazard Reduction Studies, Other Consultancies, Training and Equipment........................................................ 19 Institutional Arrangements and Project Implementation................................................................................... 20 Policy Framework ................................................................................... 20 Project Implementation Period ................................................................................... 20 Environmental and Social Impact ................................................................................... 20 Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................... 21 Flow of Funds ................................................................................... 24 Project Implementation................................................................................... 25 Procurement................................................................................... 26 Disbursements ................................................................................... 28 Financial and Economic Justification ................................................................................... 30 Major Project Benefits and Risks ................................................................................... 30 Performance Monitoring Indicators .......................... 32.......................................................................................32 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. TECHNICAL ANNEX Attachments 1. Summary Project Costs 2. Estimated Schedule and Disbursements 3. Detailed Project Costs with Phasing 4. Vulnerability Reduction Fund S. Electric Power Facilities 6. Irrigation and Drainage 7. Roads and Bridges 8. Mitigation Works (Cyclone Shelters, Tree Shelter Belts and Watershed Management) 9. Draft GOAP Policy Statement on Long-term Hazard Mitigation 10. AP Disaster Management Unit 11. Community Involvement and Janmabhoomi Program 12. Enhanced Design Standards 13. Procurement Responsibilities, Committee of Secretaries and Fund Flow Arrangements 14. Performnance Monitoring Indicators 15. Outline Terms of Reference for Consultancies 16. Economic Analysis 17. Environmental Assessments 18. Public Buildings 19. List of Documents in Project File INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH HAZARD MITIGATION AND EMERGENCY CYCLONE RECOVERY PROJECT TECHNICAL ANNEX Section A: BACKGROUND AREA DESCRIPTION I. Andhra Pradesh (AP) covers 274,000 square km on the east coast of India, and it is the country's fifth largest state, accounting for 8.4 percent of its total area. It is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh and Orissa to the north, Maharashtra to the north and west, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. AP is also the fourth most populous state, with a predominantly rural population of over 66 million.' Next to Tamil Nadu, the state registers the highest proportion of agricultural labor households, and only one of its 23 districts is considered non-rural. Its 29,293 villages are grouped into 1,104 mandals, which are basic administrative units for regulatory, revenue and development functions. Three distinct geographical regions include: Telengana, formerly part of the princely state of Hyderabad (which includes the capital city), Rayalaseema, a drought-prone area comprising four districts (Chittoor, Kurnool, Cuddapah and Anantapur), and Coastal Andhra, spread along the state's 1,030 km of fertile lands along the coastline on the Bay of Bengal. Coastal Andhra is divided in nine districts, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam, and Nellore. Among these primarily agricultural districts, Guntur, Krishna, and East and West Godavari are renowned for their complex and productiveirrigation systems, which take advantage of the deltas of two of India's largest rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. East and West Godavari by themselves are among the most prosperous areasof AP, as well as most populous, with densities of 670 and 510 persons per sq km respectively, well over the state's average of 268 persons per sq km. Sharp social divisions, however, characterizethe rural communities of the affluent delta and coastal plains, particularly between land-owning upper castes and the landless dalits. VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL HAZARDS 2. In India, the cyclones develop in the pre-monsoon (April to May) and post-monsoon seasons (October to December), but most of them tend to form in the month of November. Cyclones on the east coast originate in the Bay of Bengal, the Andaman Sea or the South China Sea, and usually reach the coastline of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal, which are the most vulnerable to these types of hazards. Two of the deadliest cyclones of this century, with fatalities of about 10,000 people in each case, took place in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh during October 1971 and November 1977 respectively. The states bordering the Arabian Sea on the west coast are not completely safe either, as Kerala, Gujarat - and to a lesser extent Maharashtra - are also prone to cyclones. With a frequency of four cyclones per year, one of which usually becomes severe, the Bay of Bengal accounts for seven percent of the annual I According to the 1991 census. 2 tropical cycloneactivity worldwide.Despite this relativelylow percentage,the level of human and property loss that cyclones cause aroundthe Bay is very high. Once the cyclones