DOCSLIB.ORG

Burial in Florida: Culture, Ritual, Health, and Status: the Archaic to Seminole Periods David Klingle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Burial in Florida: Culture, Ritual, Health, and Status: the Archaic to Seminole Periods David Klingle Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 Burial in Florida: Culture, Ritual, Health, and Status: The Archaic to Seminole Periods David Klingle Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] The Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences Burial in Florida: Culture, Ritual, Health, and Status: The Archaic to Seminole Periods David Klingle A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester 2006 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of David Klingle defended on February 24, 2006. Glen H. Doran Professor Directing Thesis Rochelle A. Marrinan Committee Member William Parkinson Committee Member Approved: Dean Falk, Chair, Department of Anthropology The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Glen H. Doran and Dr. Rochelle A. Marrinan of Florida State University for all their patience, input, and hard work in helping me to compose this thesis. They were always there to answer questions, listen to my problems, suggest or even provide sources of data, and give me advice on new approaches to my material. Furthermore, I should acknowledge my copy editor Kathleen Wood for reading over the entire thesis and finding all the typos I missed. I would like to recognize the works of several authors who inspired this thesis. Dr Jerome Rose and Richard Steckel for their book, “The Backbone of History.” It helped to influence my methodology to create my status and heath indexes. Elizabeth O’Brien for her “Post Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England Burial Practices” from the British Archaeological Reports, which showed me it was possible to plot burial ritual evidence for dozens of sites and use the data to understand widespread ethnic and cultural changes. Furthermore, I am indebted to Dale Hutchinson, Jerald Milanich and all the other archaeologists who have struggled to put together Florida’s archaeological record and gave me the data to create this thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. Alan Gilbert of Fordham University my first archaeology professor, and the professors at Cambridge University, especially Dr. Catherine Hills, whose teachings and in-depth help made me fascinated with the use of burial evidence to understand the world. Finally I am indebted to my friends and family. I would like to thank my friend Kambiz Etesami, and few others who always helped to keep me sane and encouraged me when this and other projects seemed overwhelming. I also would to thank my family for getting me interested in history and archaeology and giving me the ability to organize and analyze types of large amounts of data, which became my thesis. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ....................................................................................................................vi List of Figures............................................................................................................... .viii Abstract.............................................................................................................................ix Note about Citation information for Tables and Figures..............................................x CHAPTER 1: The State of Burial Study in Florida and A Methodology for Its Analysis ........................................................................................................................1 1. The Problems of Archaeological Analysis for Precolumbian Florida..............1 2. Research and Goals..........................................................................................5 3. Analysis and Methodology .............................................................................13 4. Conclusion ......................................................................................................29 CHAPTER 2: Environments, History, and Cultures of Florida ................................31 1. Environments of Florida .................................................................................31 2. History and Culture:........................................................................................33 I. Paleoindian Period (12,000- 9,500 BP) ........................................33 II. Archaic Period (7,500- 500 BC) ...................................................35 III. Deptford Culture (500 BC- AD 200)............................................36 IV. Swift Creek Culture (AD 150- 500)..............................................37 V. St. Johns Culture (500 BC- AD 1565)..........................................37 VI. Manasota Culture (500 BC- AD 800)...........................................39 VII. Caloosahatchee Culture (500 BC- AD 1500) ...............................40 VIII. Belle Glade Culture (500 BC- AD 1700) .....................................41 IX. Glades Culture (500 BC- AD 1513) .............................................42 X. Weeden Island Culture (AD 200- 1000).......................................42 XI. Alachua Culture (AD 500- 1539) .................................................44 XII. Fort Walton Culture (AD 1000-1600) ..........................................44 XIII. Safety Harbor Culture (AD 900-1725) .........................................45 XIV. Mission and Seminole Periods (AD 1565-1845)..........................47 CHAPTER 3: Type of Site, Size, Layout, and Layers of Burial Sites........................49 1. Type of Site.....................................................................................................49 2. Size of Site ......................................................................................................50 3. Size and Status ................................................................................................52 4. Layout .............................................................................................................57 5. Layers..............................................................................................................59 6. Conclusion ......................................................................................................66 CHAPTER 4: Types of Burials....................................................................................68 1. Primary vs. Secondary Burial .........................................................................68 2. Exact Burial Type ...........................................................................................73 3. Status...............................................................................................................78 4. Orientation ......................................................................................................80 iv 5. Conclusion ......................................................................................................82 CHAPTER 5: Grave Goods ...........................................................................................83 1. Pottery...................................................................................................................83 2. Most Common Artifacts .......................................................................................87 3. Individual Burials with Grave Goods ...................................................................93 4. Individual Furnished Burial: Sex and Age............................................................97 5. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 100 CHAPTER 6: The Biological Analysis of Burials..................................................... .102 1. Sex and Age ....................................................................................................... .102 2. Dental Health ..................................................................................................... .114 3. Other Heath Indicators....................................................................................... .120 4. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... .130 CHAPTER 7: Status and Hierarchy.......................................................................... .133 1. High Status Grave Goods: Overall Context....................................................... .133 2. High Status Grave Goods: Individual Burial Context ....................................... .139 3. Individual High Status Burials: Based on Grave Goods, Demographics, and Layers................................................................................................................. .140 4. Calculating Status and Ranking Sites ................................................................ .152 5. Conclusions: Status, Burial Ritual, and Biological Analysis............................. .165 CHAPTER 8: Conclusions and Final Remarks ........................................................ .169 APPENDIX A: Sites not used in Study:..................................................................... .176 APPENDIX B: Sites Summaries................................................................................. .183 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................ .300 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Public Hearing, Report
    AGENDA ITEM ST. JOHNS COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 4 Deadline for Submission - Wednesday 9 a.m. – Thirteen Days Prior to BCC Meeting 12/1/2020 BCC MEETING DATE TO: Hunter S. Conrad, County Administrator DATE: October 29, 2020 FROM: Justin Kelly, Senior Planner PHONE: 904 209-0728 SUBJECT OR TITLE: CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage AGENDA TYPE: Business Item, Ordinance, Public Hearing, Report BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Adoption of CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, a request for a Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment to change the Future Land Use designation of approximately 1.16 acres of land located along Old Dixie Highway, north of Cross Ridge Drive and south of the Nocatee Parkway, from Rural/Silviculture (R/S) to Mixed Use District (MD). This request was heard by the Planning and Zoning Agency at their regularly scheduled public hearing on November 5, 2020. Agency members voted 6-1 to recommend approval. 1. IS FUNDING REQUIRED? No 2. IF YES, INDICATE IF BUDGETED. No IF FUNDING IS REQUIRED, MANDATORY OMB REVIEW IS REQUIRED: INDICATE FUNDING SOURCE: SUGGESTED MOTION/RECOMMENDATION/ACTION: Motion to enact Ordinance 2020-_____, adopting CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, a request for a Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment to change the Future Land Use designation of approximately 1.16 acres of land from Rural/Silviculture (R/S) to Mixed Use District (MD), based upon four (4) Findings of Fact, as provided in the Staff Report. Motion to deny CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, based upon four (4) Findings of Fact, as provided in the Staff Report.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Mississippian Ceramic Production on St
    LATE MISSISSIPPIAN CERAMIC PRODUCTION ON ST. CATHERINES ISLAND, GEORGIA Anna M. Semon A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Vincas P. Steponaitis C. Margaret Scarry R. P. Stephen Davis Anna Agbe-Davis John Scarry © 2019 Anna M. Semon ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Anna M. Semon: Late Mississippian Ceramic Production on St. Catherines Island, Georgia (Under the direction of Vincas P. Steponaitis) This dissertation examines Late Mississippian pottery manufacturing on St. Catherines Island, Georgia. Data collected from five ceramic assemblages, three village and two mortuary sites, were used to characterize each ceramic assemblage and examine small-scale ceramic variations associated with learning and making pottery, which reflect pottery communities of practice. In addition, I examined pottery decorations to investigate social interactions at community and household levels. This dissertation is organized in six chapters. Chapter 1 provides the background, theoretical framework, and objectives of this research. Chapter 2 describes coastal Georgia’s culture history, with focus on the Mississippian period. Chapters 3 and 4 present the methods and results of this study. I use both ceramic typology and attribute analyses to explore ceramic variation. Chapter 3 provides details about the ceramic typology for each site. In addition, I examine the Mississippian surface treatments for each assemblage and identified ceramic changes between middle Irene (A.D. 1350–1450), late Irene (A.D. 1450–1580), and early Mission (A.D. 1580–1600) period.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Open Gregory Oregon 0171N 12796.Pdf
    CHUNKEY, CAHOKIA, AND INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION by ANNE GREGORY A THESIS Presented to the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2020 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anne Gregory Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflict Resolution This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program by: Kirby Brown Chair Eric Girvan Member and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2020. ii © 2020 Anne Gregory This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Anne Gregory Master of Science Conflict and Dispute Resolution June 2020 Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflicts Resolution Chunkey, a traditional Native American sport, was a form of conflict resolution. The popular game was one of several played for millennia throughout Native North America. Indigenous communities played ball games not only for the important culture- making of sport and recreation, but also as an act of peace-building. The densely populated urban center of Cahokia, as well as its agricultural suburbs and distant trade partners, were dedicated to chunkey. Chunkey is associated with the milieu surrounding the Pax Cahokiana (1050 AD-1200 AD), an era of reduced armed conflict during the height of Mississippian civilization (1000-1500 AD). The relational framework utilized in archaeology, combined with dynamics of conflict resolution, provides a basis to explain chunkey’s cultural impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
    SEGMENTED AND ASCENDANT CHIEFDOM POLITY AS VIEWED FROM THE DIVERS SITE BY GLEN ALOIS FREIMUTH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Emeritus R. Barry Lewis, Chair Professor Timothy R. Pauketat Adjunct Professor Thomas E. Emerson Associate Professor Mark W. Mehrer, Northern Illinois University ABSTRACT This study contributes to our understanding of the nature of political control exerted by the Mississippian Cahokia polity over small rural villages in the southern American Bottom. Currently two models, which I call the Segmented and Ascendant Chiefdoms, respectively, provide contrasting explanations of the nature and amount of Cahokia control over rural villages. I examine the fit of these models against archaeological data from the Divers and other regional sites. The analyses range over several main topics, including populations, labor requirements, nonlocal artifacts, provisioning, and rituals. I find that the archaeological patterns expressed at the Divers site best fit a Segmented Chiefdom model wherein political control is decentralized and rural villages retain a high degree of political autonomy. Cahokia, as the American Bottom’s main Mississippian town, has the largest population, physical size, elite status items, and monumental construction which I describe as material domination and political dominance. Political dominance requires manipulation of local leaders and their followers for political and social control and this manipulation was expressed through ritual materials and rituals performed at Cahokia and other mound towns. The Cahokia elite created new rituals and associated material expressions through collective action and attempted to gain control of existing commoner ritual performances and symbols but these and political autonomy largely remained with the commoners who occupied small villages like Divers.
    [Show full text]
  • A St. Johns II Pottery Assemblage from the Shields Site (8DU12) Vicki L
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 Measuring Tradition and Variation: A St. Johns II Pottery Assemblage from the Shields Site (8DU12) Vicki L. Rolland Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES MEASURING TRADITION AND VARIATION: A ST. JOHNS II POTTERY ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE SHIELDS SITE (8DU12) By VICKI L. ROLLAND A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2004 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Vicki L. Rolland defended on December 18, 2003. _____________________________ Rochelle Marrinan Professor Directing Thesis _____________________________ Rebecca A. Saunders Committee Member _____________________________ Glen Doran Committee Member Approved: __________________________________ Dean Falk, Chair, Department of Anthropology The office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To Jeff and Meaghan Rolland, and Jeff one more time for good measure iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are three women who have been my excellent teachers and my excellent friends. They have always freely shared their time and offered me encouragement. The following pages resonate with their ideas, their knowledge, and their desire to uncover and understand the process of pottery construction, continuity, and change. Thank you to Rebecca Saunders, Rochelle Marrinan, and Ann Cordell. I thank Keith Ashley for his curiosity, patience, and energy, all of which have often provided me with ample inspiration and determination. No one places the bar higher than Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY CONTENTS Major-General John Campbell in British West Florida George C
    Volume XXVII April 1949 Number 4 The FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY CONTENTS Major-General John Campbell in British West Florida George C. Osborn Nocoroco, a Timucua Village of 1605 John W. Griffin Hale G. Smith The Founder of the Seminole Nation Kenneth W. Porter A Connecticut Yankee after Olustee Letters from the front Vaughn D. Bornet Book reviews: Kathryn Abbey Hanna: “Florida Land of Change” Paul Murray: “The Whig Party in Georgia, 1825-1853” Herbert J. Doherty Jr. Local History: “The Story of Fort Myers” Pensacola Traditions The Early Southwest Coast Early Orlando “They All Call it Tropical” The Florida Historical Society A noteworthy gift to our library List of members Contributors to this number SUBSCRIPTION FOUR DOLLARS SINGLE COPIES ONE DOLLAR (Copyright, 1949, by the Florida Historical Society. Reentered as second class matter November 21, 1947, at the post office at Tallahassee, Florida, under the Act of August 24, 1912.) Office of publication, Tallahassee, Florida Published quarterly by THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY St. Augustine, Florida MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN CAMPBELL IN BRITISH WEST FLORIDA by GEORGE C. OSBORN Late in the autumn of 1778 Brigadier-General John Campbell received a communication from Lord George Germain to proceed from the colony of New York to Pensacola, Province of West Florida.1 In this imperial province, which was bounded on the west by the Missis- sippi river, Lake Ponchartrain and the Iberville river, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Apalachicola river and on the north by the thirty-first parallel but later by a line drawn eastward from the mouth of the Yazoo river,2 General Campbell was to take command of His Majesty’s troops.
    [Show full text]
  • NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY the Calusa and Seminole Indians: Before, During, and After Colonialism
    NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY The Calusa and Seminole Indians: Before, During, and After Colonialism A Thesis Submitted to the University Honors Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Baccalaureate Degree With University Honors Department of Anthropology By Rebecca M. Woods DeKalb, Illinois August 2006 University Honors Program Capstone Approval Page Capstor e Title: (print or type): T h e __ CoUxsa and S m ide, Indians' ____ ' "Du/ina. ctnA Q iH tf Co\oin\a\\ss/ri v/ 1 Student Name (print or type): 'ReAotcc-a M. W eeds Faculty Supervisor (print or type): lO\o&red O m m er Faculty Approval Signature: ( s e e \ c \ k r ) Department of (print or type): finthm pobq^ ^ v r I / Date of Approval (print or type): M an *>, ODD NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY D epartment of A nthropology DeKalb, Illinois 60115-2854 May 3, 2006 ( 815) 753-0246 Michael J. Martin, Director University Honors Program Campus Life Building Northern Illinois University Dekklb, IL 60115 Deai' Dr. Martin, This is to let you know that I approve of Rebecca Woods’ Capstone project for Honors recognition. Her project, “The Calusa and Seminole Indians: Before, During, and After Colonialism” is a good piece of research. While not breaking new ground, it is a comprehensive summary, and I believe it will help her with her future plans to work in Florida in the field of Anthropology. I enjoyed working with Rebecca. Please let me know if you have any questions about her work with me on her Capstone project. Best wishes, Winifreer Creamer Professor Anthropology Department 815-753-7038 Email: [email protected] Northern Illinois University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bear in the Footprint: Using Ethnography to Interpret Archaeological Evidence of Bear Hunting and Bear Veneration in the Northern Rockies
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2014 THE BEAR IN THE FOOTPRINT: USING ETHNOGRAPHY TO INTERPRET ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF BEAR HUNTING AND BEAR VENERATION IN THE NORTHERN ROCKIES Michael D. Ciani The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ciani, Michael D., "THE BEAR IN THE FOOTPRINT: USING ETHNOGRAPHY TO INTERPRET ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF BEAR HUNTING AND BEAR VENERATION IN THE NORTHERN ROCKIES" (2014). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4218. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4218 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BEAR IN THE FOOTPRINT: USING ETHNOGRAPHY TO INTERPRET ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF BEAR HUNTING AND BEAR VENERATION IN THE NORTHERN ROCKIES By Michael David Ciani B.A. Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 2012 A.S. Historic Preservation, College of the Redwoods, Eureka, CA, 2006 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology, Cultural Heritage The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2014 Approved by: Sandy Ross, Dean of The Graduate School Graduate School Dr. Douglas H. MacDonald, Chair Anthropology Dr. Anna M. Prentiss Anthropology Dr. Christopher Servheen Forestry and Conservation Ciani, Michael, M.A., May 2014 Major Anthropology The Bear in the Footprint: Using Ethnography to Interpret Archaeological Evidence of Bear Hunting and Bear Veneration in the Northern Rockies Chairperson: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierce Mounds Complex an Ancient Capital in Northwest Florida
    Pierce Mounds Complex An Ancient Capital in Northwest Florida Nancy Marie White Department of Anthropology University of South Florida, Tampa [email protected] Final Report to George J. Mahr, Apalachicola, Florida December 2013 ii ABSTRACT The Pierce site (8Fr14), near the mouth of the Apalachicola River in Franklin County, northwest Florida, was a major prehistoric mound center during the late Early and Middle Woodland (about A.D. 200-700) and Mississippian (about A.D. 1000-1500) periods. People lived there probably continuously during at least the last 2000 years (until right before the European invasion of Florida in the sixteenth century) and took advantage of the strategic location commanding the river and bay, as well as the abundant terrestrial and aquatic resources. Besides constructing several mounds for burial of the dead and probably support of important structures, native peoples left long midden (refuse) ridges of shells, animal bones, artifacts and blackened sandy soils, which built up a large and very significant archaeological site. Early Europeans and Americans who settled in the town of Apalachicola recognized the archaeological importance of Pierce and collected artifacts. But since the site and its spectacular findings were published by C.B. Moore in 1902, much information has been lost or misunderstood. Recent investigations by the University of South Florida were commissioned by the property owner to research and evaluate the significance of the site. There is evidence for an Early Woodland (Deptford) occupation and mound building, possibly as early as A.D. 200. Seven of the mounds form an oval, with the Middle Woodland burial mounds on the west side.
    [Show full text]
  • Scarry-Margaret-CV.Pdf
    CURRICULUM VITAE (revised 07/28/2017) Clara Margaret Scarry Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120 Alumni Building University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27519 Phone: 919-962-6574 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION: Ph.D. Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1986 MA Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1975 BA Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1974 TEACHING, RESEARCH, AND ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS: 2016-pres Director Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2016-pres Chair Curriculum in Archaeology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2013-pres Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2013-2016 Adjunct Professor, Curriculum in Archaeology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2009-2016 Director of Undergraduate Studies, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2008-2016 Director of Undergraduate Studies, Curriculum in Archaeology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2008-2013 Adjunct Associate Professor, Curriculum in Archaeology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2004-2005 Associate Chair, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 2002-2004 Director of Undergraduate Studies, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 1999-2001 Associate Chair, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 1999-2001 Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 1999-2013
    [Show full text]
  • The Brickhill Bluff Site, Cumberland Island, Georgia
    MODELING VARIABILITY IN PRE-COLUMBIAN WOODLAND HABITATION AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: THE BRICKHILL BLUFF SITE, CUMBERLAND ISLAND, GEORGIA by Stephen Andrew Wise A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL August 2017 Copyright by Stephen Andrew Wise 2017 ii iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor Dr. Arlene Fradkin for her continued encouragement and patience. This work would not have been possible without her persistence and guidance. I am especially indebted to Dr. Mike Russo, Archaeologist for the National Park Service, for his reassurance and help. I also would like to thank Valentina Martinez who taught me how to excavate features and the proper way to hold a trowel. Her comments and suggestions were invaluable to the organization and construction of this thesis. Thank you for being supportive of my goals. I am grateful to everyone whom I have had the pleasure to work with on this and other related projects. Whether in the field or in the lab, the members of my excavation team and the many supportive voices at Florida Atlantic University and the National Park Service have contributed to my growth as an archeologist and as a person. I would especially like to thank Dr. David Morgan, Dr. Michael Harris, Richard Vernon, Hank Kratt, Charlie Sproul, and John Cornelison who have guided my academics and career. They have served as mentors and shown me how to be a professional archaeologist and friend.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE ALTERNATE PATHWAYS TO RITUAL POWER: EVIDENCE FOR CENTRALIZED PRODUCTION AND LONG-DISTANCE EXCHANGE BETWEEN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN CADDO COMMUNITIES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By SHAWN PATRICK LAMBERT Norman, Oklahoma 2017 ALTERNATE PATHWAYS TO RITUAL POWER: EVIDENCE FOR CENTRALIZED PRODUCTION AND LONG-DISTANCE EXCHANGE BETWEEN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN CADDO COMMUNITIES A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Patrick Livingood, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Asa Randall ______________________________ Dr. Amanda Regnier ______________________________ Dr. Scott Hammerstedt ______________________________ Dr. Diane Warren ______________________________ Dr. Bonnie Pitblado ______________________________ Dr. Michael Winston © Copyright by SHAWN PATRICK LAMBERT 2017 All Rights Reserved. Dedication I dedicate my dissertation to my loving grandfather, Calvin McInnish and wonderful twin sister, Kimberly Dawn Thackston. I miss and love you. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to give my sincerest gratitude to Patrick Livingood, my committee chair, who has guided me through seven years of my masters and doctoral work. I could not wish for a better committee chair. I also want to thank Amanda Regnier and Scott Hammerstedt for the tremendous amount of work they put into making me the best possible archaeologist. I would also like to thank Asa Randall. His level of theoretical insight is on another dimensional plane and his Advanced Archaeological Theory class is one of the best I ever took at the University of Oklahoma. I express appreciation to Bonnie Pitblado, not only for being on my committee but emphasizing the importance of stewardship in archaeology.
    [Show full text]