Global Whistleblowing Landscape for Reporting Doping in Sport
Report prepared for the World Anti-Doping Agency by Leeds Beckett University
1
Research Team
The research team comprised members of the Sporting Integrity and Doping Behaviour Research Group in the Carnegie School of Sport at Leeds Beckett University:
Dr Kelsey Erickson (Principal Investigator) - [email protected] Professor Sue Backhouse (Co-investigator) - [email protected] Dr Laurie Patterson (Co-investigator) - [email protected] Mr Luke Barnes (Research Assistant) - [email protected])
Carnegie School of Sport Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus Leeds Beckett University Leeds, LS6 3QS UK Phone: +44 (0) 113 812 4684
2 Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... 3
Tables ...... 4
Glossary of Terms ...... 5
Executive Summary ...... 6
Context ...... 6
Research Design ...... 6
Findings ...... 6
Next Steps ...... 6
World Anti-Doping Agency - Speak Up! ...... 8
Table 1. World Anti-Doping Agency Whistleblowing Platform ...... 9
National Anti-Doping Organization Platforms ...... 11
Table 2. National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) Whistleblowing Platforms ...... 12
International Federation Platforms ...... 21
Table 3. Summer Olympic Sport International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms ...... 23
Table 4. Winter Olympic Sport International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms...... 28
Additional Whistleblower Platforms ...... 30
Table 5. Additional Whistleblower Platforms ...... 31
Conclusion ...... 32
3 Tables
Table Title
1 World Anti-Doping Agency Whistleblowing Platform
2 National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) Whistleblowing Platforms
3 Summer Olympic Sport International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms
4 Winter Olympic Sport International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms
5 Additional Whistleblowing Platforms
4 Glossary of Terms
Term Definition/Explanation
ADRV Anti-Doping Rules Violation
IF International Federation
Informant Individual reporting doping information
NADO National Anti-Doping Organization
Secure As determined by the web page address. This information would be visible to the informant.
WADA World Anti-Doping Agency
Whistleblower Individual reporting doping information
(Whistleblowing) Platform The website provided for reporting doping
Avenue (for whistleblowing) The actual mechanism(s) available for reporting doping (e.g., telephone number, email, etc.)
5 Executive Summary
Context Revisions to global anti-doping policy and growing evidence of systemic doping in sport means athletes and support personnel are being increasingly encouraged to ‘blow the whistle’ on doping in sport. To facilitate whistleblowing, significant resources are being directed towards ‘Report Doping’ platforms. At a global level, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has introduced the ‘Speak Up’ Platform and accompanying Whistleblowing Policy, which outlines the protections afforded to whistleblowers. Beyond this, while there is a general awareness for the increased presence of ‘Report Doping’ platforms across nations and sports, there is currently no record of the platforms that exist nor if they are being utilized. There is also no measure for determining what makes a whistleblowing platform effective. In response, this report provides an audit of existing whistleblowing platforms across National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs), Summer and Winter Olympic Sport International Federations (IFs) and additional independent international whistleblower platforms. Platforms available for reporting doping specifically, and wrongdoing in sport more broadly, are included in an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the current sport whistleblowing landscape.
Research Design Existing global whistleblowing platforms in sport - including those specific to reporting doping and those designed for reporting wrongdoing in general – were identified and reviewed. To compile this list, the websites of National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs) (https://www.wada- ama.org/en/code-signatories - GovernmentFundedOrganizations) and International Federations (IFs) (https://www.olympic.org/sports) were accessed and details regarding (non)existing whistleblowing platforms were identified. Additionally, we reviewed the World Anti-Doping Agency platform (https://speakup.wada-ama.org/WebPages/Public/FrontPages/Default.aspx) as well as independent sport whistleblowing platforms [i.e., FairSport (https://fairsport.org/), SportsLeaks (https://www.sportsleaks.com/), and the International Centre for Sport Security (http://www.theicss.org/en)].
The initial review was undertaken between February – September 2017 and after completing the audit, individual NADOs were emailed and asked to confirm whether or not the information gathered accurately represented their current practice. All NADOs were contacted on three separate occasions and invited to provide feedback. As a result, multiple NADOs provided clarification and updates to the information that was gathered and this information is represented in Table 1. The information contained in this report was most recently updated in July 2018.
Findings Whether specific to reporting doping or general wrongdoing, there is an abundance of existing sport whistleblowing platforms. Specifically, 75% of IFs (26/35) and 20% of NADOs (24/141) have whistleblowing platforms in place. Beyond this, whistleblowing platforms also exist for WADA and several ‘independent’ international organizations (e.g., FairSport, SportLeaks, ICSS). The available platforms vary in terms of how they are managed (e.g., internal to the organization/external to the organization), the avenues through which an informant can provide information (e.g., telephone, email) and how much information is requested from the informant (e.g., personal/contact details). Many organizations had more than one avenue for whistleblowing available, but the most common is online forms. Given the sensitive nature of whistleblowing, key findings from the audit are that whistleblowing platforms differ in their level of security, with some web pages indicating that they are ‘secure’ and others not providing this security for (potential) whistleblowers. However, most organizations provide reassurance that anonymity and/or confidentiality is highly valued. From a practical perspective, the majority of whistleblowing platforms were available in the English language, provide guidance regarding what should be reported, and the more sophisticated ones provide the informant with the ability to follow up on their reports through utilizing a secure login and password combination.
Next Steps There are a significant number of whistleblowing platforms available for reporting doping in sport. However, the level of sophistication varies drastically across these platforms; making it difficult to determine what good practice in this context looks like. With the audit of global whistleblowing platforms now complete, the next step is to determine what makes a whistleblowing platform appealing to (potential) whistleblowers and, in turn, effective in protecting the rights of athletes and athlete support personnel to doping-free sport. To do so, it is necessary to engage with those individuals who will be most directly impacted by such platforms – that is, athletes and athlete support personnel. Therefore, the next step in this program of research is to gather their views towards the issue of whistleblowing on doping in sport. It is envisioned that this next step in research will be essential for enhancing engagement with and effectiveness of existing doping whistleblowing platforms.
6
World Anti-Doping Agency Whistleblowing Platform
7
World Anti-Doping Agency - Speak Up!
Overview As the global governing body for anti-doping, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) hosts its own doping-specific whistleblowing platform. The platform includes an online form made up of open and closed questions and there is also the possibility of reporting via a free downloadable app (available on the App Store and Google Store). The web page platform is accessible via a link on the
WADA website and is labeled as ‘secure’ on the web browser, indicating that data shared through this web page is protected (i.e., data cannot be hacked). The website outlines what is useful information to report before an individual accesses the actual whistleblowing form. The informant submits the form to an online ‘post box’, which they can re-access through an individual login code in order to re-connect with WADA while still protecting their identity. Within the whistleblowing form, the informant does not have to disclose their identity and can remain anonymous. Notably, WADA provides a list of tips to help ensure anonymity is maintained (e.g., filing a report from a personal computer and not using a PC that is connected to an intranet or network). If the informant does choose to disclose personal information, such as contact details, WADA offers reassurance that all data disclosed will be kept confidential in line with the organization’s principles and data protection policy. The platform is available in English and
French and is internally managed by the organization itself through the Intelligence and Investigations team. Although housed within WADA, this team operates independently within the wider WADA organization to ensure confidentiality.
8 Table 1. World Anti-Doping Agency Whistleblowing Platform
Organization Name / How does the Does the organization How will the organization How will the organization handle private Language(s) Avenues for Management Link & Platform whistleblowing specify what to report? follow up / contact the data and confidentiality? whistleblowing Name (if platform work? whistleblower? applicable)
World Anti- “Speak Up!” The web page specifies that The informant can create a Offers reassurance that all data will be kept English and 1. Online form Internal https://speakup.wada- Doping Agency individuals can report alleged secure online mail box confidential and that WADA values the French (new ama.org/Web (WADA) Online form on separate ADRVs, WADA Code non- (even if they do not want to confidentiality of informant data. page/tab pages/Public/FrontPage web page that is labeled compliance violations or any leave contact details) which In order to remain anonymous, the opened) s/Default.aspx as ‘secure’ in the web act or omission that could can later be revisited. The informant is given four recommendations: 2. Phone App browser. This online undermine the fight against informant is encouraged to form ('post box') can be doping. informant is asked log back into their online 1. Access this site directly by copying or accessed again via which ADRV they are reporting form/ 'post box' account to writing the URL address password and login from a drop-down menu. communicate with WADA https://speakup.wada-ama.org in an details. Form consists of and answer any questions internet browser rather than by clicking on a multiple questions After entering the actual regarding the specific case link. including a large open whistleblowing platform, (Informant is assigned a 2. File your report from your personal dialogue box. The informant is asked to specify: case ID number). The computer. informant can also informant can also provide 3. Do not use a PC that is connected to a attach any relevant files - Type of ADRV being their contact details when network/intranet. as part of the report. reported filling out the form, but this 4. Choose whether or not you wish to leave - Country where ADRV is optional. your personal details; if not, you should also occurred check that your personal details do not - Sport involved appear in the file properties (metadata) of - Who is involved any files you upload. - When incident occurred - Describe the situation
Informant can attach documents and has the option of providing their contact details.
9
National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) Whistleblowing Platforms
10 National Anti-Doping Organization Platforms
Overview
A list of 141 National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) websites were accessed via the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) website (https://www.wada-ama.org/en/code-signatories) and a total of 24 NADOs with whistleblowing platforms were found. This means that less than 20% (24/141) of the 141 NADOs had whistleblowing platforms available to report doping. How does the whistleblowing platform work?: Out of the 24 NADO report platforms, 17 of the platforms included the reporting avenue (e.g., online report form) directly within the same website/web page, whereas six redirected individuals to an online reporting avenue maintained on a separate webpage (e.g., re-direction to an online post box) and one NADO (Bosnia and Herzegovina) provided a document to be printed and filled out by hand. Of the 17 NADO platforms that requested information to be provided on the same web page, 9/17 (53%) were listed as NOT ‘secure’ in the website browser whereas 8/17 (47%) were listed as ‘secure’. Does the NADO specify what to report?: Over half (15/24, 63%) of the NADO platforms included guidance in relation to what could/should be reported. These NADO report avenues also consisted of more complex online forms offering from 2-11 open and closed questions. For example: who the accused person(s) is, what offense (ADRV) they have committed, the timescale, date and location of the offense(s). In contrast, 9/24 (38%) NADOs did not provide information regarding what to report and/or only asked the informant to 'comment' or 'report what they know'. How will the NADO follow up with report/contact whistleblower?: Thirteen NADOs (54%) asked for contact details from the informant and encouraged informants to provide them in order to enable follow up. Of the 13 NADOs asking for contact details, eight of these had ‘optional’ fields for contact details (e.g., name, email address, telephone number) and five of them (Kenya, Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Africa, Belarus and the Bahamas) mandated certain contact details when reporting (e.g., email address, informant’s name, etc.). Apart from contact details, five NADOs (21%; Denmark, Norway, Germany, Slovenia and UK) created a separate and secure online post box where the informant can blow the whistle by submitting an online report form and further track this using a designated report ID number and login; thus, enabling individuals to maintain contact with the NADO while still ensuring their anonymity. How will the NADO handle private data and confidentiality?: A total of 21 NADOs (88%) stated that reported information and the identity of the whistleblower will be treated with 'strict confidentiality'. However, only 10 NADOs (42%) specified the Data Protection policy that they follow (e.g., Jamaica and Canada - WADA's International Standards for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information – the link for this is attached on their websites). One NADO (Norway - ADNO) also provided advice on how to remain anonymous; ADNO encourages informants to access the reporting site directly by copying or writing the URL address in an internet browser rather than by clicking on a link and an informant is encouraged to file their report from their personal computer and not include their personal information in order to protect their identity. No specific forms of whistleblower protection measures apart from methods of maintaining anonymity and/or confidentiality were mentioned across the NADOs. Language: NADO reporting platforms were offered in their native language with the exception of Kenya who offer their platform strictly in English and not in native Swahili. The majority (19/24, 79%) were also available in English. The Swiss NADO (Anti-Doping Switzerland) provided the largest range of languages (4: German, French, Italian and English). However, the five nations (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Portugal, Japan, Lithuania and Monaco) who do not have a NADO website available in English provided an approximate (but limited) translation through a function on the Google Chrome browser. Avenues for whistleblowing: Fifteen of the 24 NADOs (63%) provided informants with two or more avenues for reporting doping, while 10/24 (42%) offered three or more avenues for reporting. A range of reporting avenues were identified across the NADO landscape, but online forms were the most common as nearly all (22/24, 92%) NADOs provided the option of reporting wrongdoing via this approach. Beyond this, 13 NADOs (54%) promoted whistleblowing via telephone hotlines, 10 NADOs (42%) promoted whistleblowing via designated email addresses and two NADOs (8%) promoted whistleblowing by sending physical mail to a specified postal address. No NADO openly advertised the opportunity to blow the whistle via face-to-face conversation/meeting. However, one NADO (UK Anti-Doping - UKAD) stated that they are able to collect doping information through the process of interviewing. UKAD offered the most avenues for whistleblowing with a total of seven avenues (online, telephone, email, interview, investigation process, WhatsApp and Twitter). Management: Sixteen NADOs (67%) managed their whistleblowing platforms internally, whereas six NADOs (25%; Denmark – ADD, Germany – NADA, Japan – JADA, Norway – ADNO, Slovenia – SLOADO and UK – UKAD) utilized an external company for the purposes of facilitating whistleblowing on doping. The management of two NADOs (the Agency of Anti-Doping Control of Bosnia and Herzegovina and China – CHINADA) is classified as 'unknown' due to a lack of accessible knowledge gained from their websites and an inability to fully translate all web content via Google Chrome translator.
11 Table 2. National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) Whistleblowing Platforms
Organization Name / How does the Does the NADO specify what How will the NADO How will the NADO handle private Language(s) Avenues For Management Link whistleblowing to report? follow up / contact the data and confidentiality? Whistleblowing platform work? whistleblower? “Report Doping”: Open Australia dialogue box in web ASADA asks individuals to ASADA may need to ASADA legislation ensures that all English 1. Online form on Internal https://www.asada.gov. based form – on provide as much information as establish contact in regards information provided and personal ASADA (same) web au/report-doping Australian submission sender possible, bulleting nine fields to the information provided. details are treated with the strictest page Anti-Doping cannot be identified (e.g., nature of the wrongdoing, Therefore, contact details confidence. 2. Phone Hotline Authority unless contact details who committed the wrongdoing). are optional but necessary 3. Email to ASADA (ASADA) are provided. for follow up with (separate to the web reporter/whistleblower. based ‘tip off’ form) The web page is labeled 4. Written as ‘secure’i. Fields: Name, email correspondence address, phone number “Tip Hotline”. Informants Bahamas can report via email, an Individuals are encouraged to Details are not provided. States that information provided is English 1. Email Internal http://www.bahamasadc online form (on the share ‘doping concerns, used by BADC ‘to improve and 2. Telephone .org/tip/ Bahamas same web page) or by however small they seem’. maintain our anti-doping activities’. 3. Online form (same Anti-Doping calling a telephone Data is managed in accordance with web page) Commission number. An email WADA’s International Standard for (BADC) address is mandatory the Protection of Privacy and for the web page Personal Information. submission. The web page is NOT labeled as ‘secure’. “Report Doping”: Open Belarus dialogue box that asks States that individuals should Details are not provided. States that it is an anonymous English and 1. Online form (same Internal http://nada.by/en/contac for the informant's name get in touch after witnessing Reports are received by service, yet providing a name is a Russian web page) ts/soobschi National Anti- (mandatory) and then doping. No further details the Investigations & compulsory field in the online form. 2. Phone/fax Doping provides a text box to provided. Results Management No further details provided. 3. Viber Agency of input details of the Department. Belarus situation. The web page (NADA) is NOT labeled as ‘secure’. “Report Corruption”: Not Bosnia and specifically labeled as a Details not available (form is in Details not available (form Details not available (form is in Bosnian 1. Link to Unknown http://www.ada.gov.ba/i Herzegovina doping report line but re- Bosnian only). is in Bosnian only). Can Bosnian only). (Translated to downloadable form ndex.php/bs/ directs athletes to a distinguish that email English via separate to website Agency for downloadable form that address is a mandatory Google Anti-Doping gives athletes the field on the form. Chrome) Control of opportunity to get in Bosnia and contact with the Herzegovina commission regarding corruption (including doping). The form consists of 6 separate sections. What to do with this form (mail, email etc.) is not detailed. It is available to be completed as a pen and paper copy.
12 “CCES Report Doping Canada Website”: opened in Reporting form on website has Contact details are optional Information provided will be treated English and 1. Phone hotline (1- Internal https://reportdoping.cce separate website that is several mandatory fields that although informant has according to (WADA’s) International French 800-710- CCES) s.ca Canadian secure, where the data ask specific questions: option to open a “secure Standards for the Protection of 2. Online form Center for is stored and encrypted postbox” where they can Privacy and Personal Information. (on separate web Google Play or Apple Ethics in by a third party (Got -“What type of anti-doping rule interact anonymously with Additionally, the reporting system has page from CCES Store Sport (CCES) Ethics). violation or suspicion are you CCES. its own privacy policy relating to data site) [email protected] Informant has option to reporting? collection, privacy, disclosures etc. 3. CCES Report open a “secure mailbox” -In which country did the If the report is through the Doping App. Options to submit a where they can interact violation or suspicion occur? app, the informant can sign 4. Email report can be found at: anonymously with (drop-down menu) in to their secure postbox CCES. -Which sport(s) does the in the app by inputting their https://cces.ca/reportdo Alternatively, informant violation or suspicion involve? 4 digit pin code. ping can submit their report -Who is involved in the incident? anonymously. -Please describe your suspicion If the informant used the Mandatory fields are: or knowledge in as much detail website then signing into -What type of anti- as possible: their post-box using the doping rule violation or -The question of “What type of case ID and password is suspicion are you anti-doping rule violation or used to respond to CCES reporting? suspicion are you reporting?” inquiries. -In which country did the has a drop down menu for which violation or suspicion type of activity is being reported. occur? -Which sport(s) does the Additionally, under the website’s violation or suspicion FAQ there are ‘mouse over text’ involve? options that elaborate on terms -Who is involved in the of anti-doping activity. The incident? following are the questions with -Please describe your the mouse over text in suspicion or knowledge parentheses: in as much detail as possible: •Use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance Optional fields are: or a prohibited method (e.g.: -When did the incident blood doping; artificially occur? (Please specify a enhancing the uptake, transport, period of time) or delivery of oxygen; tampering -Name: with a collected sample; gene -Telephone number: doping.) -Email: •Possession of a prohibited substance or a prohibited “CCES Report Doping method App” consists of a •Trafficking or attempted secure and confidential trafficking of any prohibited platform. substance or prohibited method Informant has •Administration or attempted opportunity to open a administration of a prohibited secure mailbox. There substance or prohibited method are no mandatory fields, •Complicity (e.g.: assisting, simply a field to input encouraging, aiding, abetting an text. There is however anti-doping rule violation) an option to attach •Prohibited association (e.g.: video, audio, and picture association by an athlete with files to the report. any athlete support person who Whistleblowing platform is serving a period of has a FAQ section that ineligibility.) explains how the report •Performance data platform works. abnormalities (training and/or Website labeled as competition results) ‘secure’. • Suspicious behavior
13 “Report Doping in Details are not provided. Details are not provided. Details are not provided. Chinese and 1. Phone number Unknown China Sport”: Accessible in broken English 2. Online platform http://english.chinada.c English language if (same web page) n/rdis/index.jhtml China Anti- selected at top of Doping webpage. Telephone Agency number provided and (CHINADA) option to leave a message using the online platform (in Chinese only). The web page is NOT labeled as ‘secure’.
“Stop Doping”: Specially Denmark secured communication Through seven direct questions Detailed information is Platform stresses confidentiality and English and 1. Online form (new External https://antidoping.whistl platform. Operates in a in the fill out form this is provided about (1) the discloses its privacy policy. Platform Danish page/tab opened) Company eblowernetwork.net/We Anti-Doping separate (encrypted) guaranteed. Invites people to follow up process with encourages the informant to provide 2. Phone hotline (IP- (called 'Got bPages/Public/FrontPa Denmark URL address. Reports report possible violations in reporter/ whistleblower, (2) name and contact (Not mandatory). Voicemail +45 70 60 Ethics A/S') ges/Default.aspx (ADD) are managed through a good faith. ADD also offers a how the secure mail box 60 94) “secure box” for short guide on what can be works and (3) how to As a self-governing public institution, 3. stopmatchfixing.dk anonymous exchange reported and what shouldn’t be remain anonymous during ADD operates under relevant hotline operates an between whistleblower reported. Questions include: the process. legislation which is the current Danish app (IOS & Android) and ADD. Report is 'what is your suspicion?' (drop Data Protection legislation and (from based on fill out form down menu and also text box), 25 May 2018) the GDPR. All seeking precise details of city/ area and the administrative processes including information about the substance suspected. Informant the whistleblowing process are doping activity. Can does not need to have carried out with respect of this attach files to the report witnessed the ADRV or be legislation. (e.g., pictures). Option 100% sure that an ADRV has to open secure mailbox occurred. (option to re-visit this) is password protected. Telephone doping hotline is also available (+45 70 60 60 94). Web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
France “Report a Doping Details are not provided. AFLD states that it Informant information is English and 1. Online form (on Internal https://www.afld.fr/signa Event”: Open dialogue reserves the right to follow acknowledged as being confidential French same web page) ler-un-fait-de-dopage/ Agence box that is part of the up on any 'appropriate' and anonymous, however further francaise de same web page. information. "Only details of how this will be handled are lute contre le Informant is asked to information that is not provided. dopage leave a message in the sufficiently detailed and (AFLD) blank 'message' box. detailed information will be Contact details (email, used." Further details not phone, name) are all provided. optional. Web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
14 “Speak Up”: Specially Germany secured communication Through direct questions this is Secured communication NADA Germany discloses data German and 1. Online form (new External - http://www.nada.de/en/ platform. Operates at a guaranteed. It also invites platform offers anonymous protection policy in a downloadable English page/tab opened) Company nada/speak-up/ Nationale separate URL address. people to provide even small communication. NADA document that is accessible via a link. 2.Telephone contact [called Anti-Doping Report is based on fill pieces of information and Germany also provides Information received by the “Speak 3. Email address Business Re-directed to: Agentur out form on precise explains that even little details detailed descriptions of the Up” platform is handled and Keeper AG www.bkms- (NADA) information about the can help shed light on doping. report process and accessible by staff members on a (BK AG)] – BK system.net/NADA doping activity. NADA anonymity, how post box need-to-know basis only. AG provides Germany offers the communication works and the framework possibility to contact the how to receive feedback but they do not person in charge (name, while remaining access the telephone, and email anonymous (FAQs data/informatio provided). File section). n provided by attachment to report whistleblowers (e.g. pictures). Log-in only required for the use Currently of the post-box. working on Whistleblower can leave additional tips without further ‘case registration/log-in. If s/he management’ wishes to further tool. communicate, they must log-in. URL form includes pseudonym/username and password. Web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
Ireland “Report Doping”: Fill out Through direct questions this is Contact details are Information will be treated English and 1. Online form (on Internal https://www.irishsportsc form composed of 11 guaranteed. Invites you to optional. Further details are confidentially. The form specifically Gaelic same web page) ouncil.ie/Anti- Sport Ireland specific questions (four provide even small pieces of not provided. asks if reporter wishes to remain 2. Email address Doping/Report-Doping/ answers are mandatory) information. anonymous. Sport Ireland might on the doping activity. share information, where applicable, Form is on same web with other agencies. It does not page, but can also be specify exactly who these 'agencies' downloaded as pdf doc. are, merely states that it is 'agencies Sending an email is also that we have information sharing possible instead of fill agreements with.' out form. Web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
Jamaica “Report Doping”: Fill out Four bullet points of what States that if the informant Information provided will be managed English 1. Online form (on Internal http://www.jadco.gov.jm an online form (four constitutes useful information wishes to be contacted according to WADA’s International same web page) /index.php/resources/re Jamaica Anti- voluntary fields). are provided (1. Name/s of then they should provide Standard for the Protection of Privacy 2. Phone hotline port-doping Doping Telephone doping people involved, 2. Nature of an email address and/or and Personal Information. See more Commission hotline also mentioned doping activity, 3. phone number. No further at: (JADCO) on the same web page. Drug/substances involved or details provided. http://www.jadco.gov.jm/index.php/re Web page is NOT method/s use, 4. Dates, times, sources/report- labeled as ‘secure’. locations). The informant is doping#sthash.7UxnyKIZ.dpuf asked to specify if they actually witnessed a doping incident or whether they were told about it by someone else. The informant is also encouraged to provide as much information as possible.
15 “Doping Report Provides details on who to Japan Window”: Online form. report (athletes and support The online form asks for Anonymous reports are accepted and Japanese 1. Online form (re- External https://www.report- The informant is re- staff) as well as examples of contact details (name, contact details are only an optional (Translated to directed to Japan (Japan Sport doping.jpnsport.go.jp/fo Japan Anti- directed to the report what is important information telephone, email - these field. Personal information provided English via Sport Council Council) rm/ Doping form on the Japan Sport (provides a table listing ADRVs). are all optional fields). may be used as part of a doping Google website) Agency Council website. The The informant is encouraged to There is a mandatory field investigation and may be shared with Chrome) (JADA) web page is labeled as report doping incidents dating that asks for the third parties. No specific data ‘secure’. back up to four years ago. informant’s ‘relationship protection/data sharing laws are Questions on the form consist of with sports’ providing an mentioned. open dialogue boxes that follow opportunity to document several short-worded questions their role/ position within (e.g., ‘who, when, where, what sport. was done, other’). “Report Doping”: Open Kenya dialogue box on the Reporting form on website has The form asks for the Informant is required to tick a box English 1. Online form (on Internal http://www.keshop.co.k same web page. Name, several fields that ask specific informant’s name and stating ‘I have read and understood (NOT available same web page) e/ADAK/report-anti- Anti-Doping phone number and questions: telephone number – a valid the Whistleblowing Program Policy in native 2. Email: doping/ Agency of email address are email address is a and Procedures for Reporting Swahili) reportdoping@ada Kenya requested – valid email - Informant’s name, mandatory field. Misconduct and accept the terms and k.or.ke (ADAK) is mandatory. There is email, telephone conditions’. Where the Policy is also an option to attach number ADAK has made it clear to located is not clear though. any files/ attachments to - What type of ADRV was the sporting fraternity that the message. The web committed (selected any information received Once the new website is live it will page is NOT labeled as from drop down list)? would be handled mention the ADAK Policies followed ‘secure’. - In which country the confidentially and the when handling Whistleblowing cases. violation occurred? source never revealed. The Agency is in the - Which sport? ADAK has a section titled ‘Handling process of updating its - Who is involved? Confidential Information and website making it more - ‘Describe your suspicion Managing Informants’ in its secure. or knowledge in as Intelligence and Investigations Policy. much detail as possible’ Like all policies in the Agency, these are subject to continual reviews and Option for attaching documents. updates.
Lithuania “Report Violations”: Three bullet points of what is States that the Agency States that informant data is kept Lithuanian 1. Online form (on Internal http://www.antidopingas Open dialogue box on useful information is provided may need to take further strictly confidential but does not state (Translated to same web page) .lt/pranesti/ Anti-Doping web page. The web (e.g., the name of a person who steps with the information how or any policy followed. English via Agency of page is NOT labeled as has committed the ADRV, the and asks for informant’s Google Lithuania ‘secure’. kind of violation, where and details to accommodate Chrome) when it happened) and asking this. Personal details are the informant if they themselves not mandatory. have committed an ADRV. “Anonymous Message”: Monaco Not specifically labeled Details are not provided. If the person wishes to be Details are not provided. French 1. Online form (on Internal http://onad- as a doping report line contacted they can fill out a (Translated to same web page) monaco.mc/nous- Monegasque but this single open standard contact form English via 2. Phone Hotline contacter/nous- Anti-Doping dialogue box gives including name, email Google (+377 97 77 56 49) contacter- Commission athletes the possibility to address and telephone. Chrome) anonymement/ get in contact with the NADO. The form is signposted by the NADO as a way to report a case of doping. Anonymous phone hotline also advertised on the same page. The web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
16 “Report Doping in New Zealand Sport”: Open dialogue DFSNZ describes four different Contact details are optional DFSNZ emphasizes strict English 1. Online form (on Internal https://drugfreesport.org box in website. doping incidents that should be (name, email, phone confidentiality when handling reports. same web page) .nz/report-doping-in- Drug Free Telephone doping reported (witnessing doping in number). Further details No further details on confidentiality or 2. Phone hotline sport Sport NZ hotline is also available sport, having been offered are not provided. data handling found. 3. Email address (DFSNZ) (0800 DRUGFREE - banned substances, suspect 378 437). Also provides someone may be doping and/or option to email the are concerned about the department behavior/practice of an athlete, confidentially on the coach or support personnel). email address provided Asks the person to provide 'as in the 'Contact Us' much information as possible'. section. The web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
Norway “Doping Forecast”: Informant is asked to provide ADNO may ask questions Offers reassurance that all data will Norwegian 1. Online form (new External - http://www.antidoping.n Online form is opened firm knowledge and/or any on the online form, be kept confidential. In order to and English page/tab opened) Company o/dopingvarsel/ Anti-Doping on a new web page, in a suspicions of doping (do not therefore the informant is remain anonymous, the informant is (called 'Got Norway new tab (separate and have to have witnessed the encouraged to log back encouraged to access the Ethics A/S') (ADNO) secure URL). This ADRV themselves). Various into their online form/'post whistleblower system directly by Very similar secure online form ('post directed questions identify box' account to copying or writing the URL address in design to that box') can be accessed important information for the communicate with ADNO an internet browser rather than by of NADA again via password and informant to consider. Also, on and answer any questions clicking on the link. They are also (Germany) login details. Form the web page (before being regarding the specific case instructed to file their report from their consists of multiple redirected to the form) there are (Informant is assigned a personal computer and not to provide questions including a several bullet points case ID number). their personal details. Link to a large open dialogue box. documenting 'What can be ‘Privacy Policy’ is provided. The informant can also reported'. attach any relevant files as part of the report. The doping report is sent directly to ADNO. The web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
Portugal “Denúncias”: Three text boxes in total: First Contact details are optional ADoP emphasizes strict Portuguese 1. Online form (on Internal http://www.adop.pt/cont (Translated via Google asks person to provide the 'facts' but ADoP requests confidentiality when handling the (Translated via same web page) atos/denuncias.aspx Autoridade Chrome to English) (not suspicions) that they are informants provide contact report. No further information on Google Antidopagem Open dialogue box in aware of in relation to doping. details to enable follow up confidentiality or data handling found. Chrome to Other contact details de Portugal Website. The web page Two additional boxes: One for with reporter/ English) for the authority are (ADoP) is NOT labeled as people involved and their whistleblower. in the 'Contacts' ‘secure’. relation to sport and another for page (e.g., phone witnesses is also available. and email) but the Further details are not provided. person is not directed to use these as a means of reporting doping incidents.
17
Russia “Report about doping”. Informant selects ‘type of Contact details are States that contact details can be Russian and 1. Online form (on Internal http://rusada.ru/en/dopi Click link on main violation’ from a drop-down list: requested (via headers) used for clarifying information. No English (as of same web page). ng- RUSADA screen. The web page is Other (please specify); but the instructions state further information on confidentiality 11 Jan 2018) control/investigations/re NOT labeled as ‘secure’. Possession or Distribution; Use that information can be or data handling found. port-about-doping/ of Prohibited Substance/Method sent anonymously if by athlete or coach; Violation of preferred. Link to document ‘Policy on personal ineligibility conditions; Prohibited data management of athletes and cooperation; Encouraging to use other persons under the jurisdiction of prohibited substance/method. RUSADA’ is provided at bottom of Then prompted to enter: Country screen. Only available in Russian. where violation occurred; Specific sport; Name of violator; Period of time when violation occurred; Describe situation (can upload files); Your name; Your email; Your phone number (Informant does NOT have to provide their personal details).
Slovenia “Report Doping in Information could not be found Information could not be On the SLOADO website it specifies English and 1.Online form (Re- External http://www.slo Sport”: Click on 'Report (Slovenian Language only). found (Slovenian that anything reported will be kept Slovenian. The directs to new web ado.si/kategorija/report- Slovenian Doping in Sport' on the Language only). anonymous (SLOADO website is SLOADO page). On this new abc doping Anti-Doping SLOADO website and it (translated) Individuals do not available in English and Slovenian). website is web page other Transparency Organization opens a new, Slovenian need to disclose their identity. (translated) Individuals do Stresses strict confidentiality when available in Slovenian Olympic After clicking on 'report (SLOADO) Olympic Committee not need to disclose their handling the report. either Committee contact doping' re-directs to: website that is labeled Prompted to specify: what, who, identity. language but details are also https://zvizgavka.olympi as ‘secure’ where, when, why & how? The National whistleblowing platform the report provided (e.g., c.si/ (https://zvizgavka.olympi Whistleblowers are able to is used to report ALL irregularities in doping web phone and email). c.si/). This new web follow their reports sport (e.g., sport rule violation, page Three options page provides the anonymously (if preferred) questions for athlete’s ombudsman, (https://zvizgav available: informant with three and safely communicate match fixed and related issues, ka.olympic.si/) (1) I wish to submit a options to choose from with investigators. ADRVs). SLOADA is only forwarded is in Slovenian report, (2) I wish to (What these are is not investigators are able to the doping-related reports. only. ask a question, (3) I known - Slovenian have dialogue with There will wish to follow my language only). Different anonymous (translated) All data will be processed soon be an report or question. questions are then whistleblowers. solely for the purpose of detection App and it will asked depending on and investigation of suspicion of be available in Ability for which option is chosen. Whistleblowers are violations or providing explanations in English. whistleblower to The web page is labeled provided with usernames relation to the prevention, detection upload files. as ‘secure’. and passwords. and investigation of violations. There will soon be Automatic notification of An audit trail is maintained. an App and it will be the application’s users available in English. regarding status changes and updates of reports.
South Africa “Send a Message or Information is evaluated/vetted Only acknowledge receipt Sport discipline involved, location of English 1. Online Internal http://www.drugfreespor Report Doping”: Open by SAIDS. and will evaluate whether reporter, name and email are asked. form/message (on t.org.za/contact-us/ South African box in website which is an investigation is Name, surname and email are same web page) Institute for the same as the general warranted. The informant is mandatory fields. Further details are Drug Free contact box. The not updated on the not available. SAIDS, as a public Most whistleblowing Sport (SAIDS) address of SAIDS and investigation. entity, is bound by national laws tip-offs have been contact details (email) protecting whistleblowers. through direct text for different departments messaging/emails to are also provided. The CEO. web page is NOT labeled as ‘secure’.
18 “Send anonymous Switzerland message”: Open, single Advises that any information Contact info of informant is "Whether you wish to remain German, 1. Online form (on Internal http://www.antidoping.c dialogue box in Website. about ADRVs should be optional (first name, last anonymous or not, your information French, Italian same web page) h/en/send-anonymous- Anti-Doping Filing attachments is reported, even if it is just a small name, email, phone will be treated with strict and English. 2. Phone hotline message Switzerland possible. Reduction of amount of information. number). Further details confidentiality." Further details are not 3. Email contact sanction for athletes as are not provided. mentioned. possible benefit is mentioned. Provides the option for the person to call the 'investigation department' as well (031 550 21 27). The web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
United “Speak Out!”: Online UKAD describes which Privacy policy disclosed. English 1. Online form (new https://www.ukad.org.uk Kingdom form through separate prohibited activities should be Fill out form asks reporter if Crimestoppers (external service page/tab opened) External /our-organisation/what- URL Secure system reported. The fill out form also he/she wishes to remain in provider) states it will handle all 2. Phone hotline (Crimestopper we-do/report-doping/ UK Anti- (external service includes direct questions. contact and if ‘yes’, the information confidentially. 3. Email to s) and internal Doping provider - person is informed that intelligence team management (UKAD) Crimestoppers). Form they will be helped to Information is recorded in secure 4. Substantial through the consists of nine create an anonymous login information systems and is accessed assistance interviews Investigations questions, six of which identity. on a strictly “need to know” basis by 5. Through Team are mandatory. staff who are vetted and have a investigative Additionally, UKAD can suitable level of security clearance. processes (witness Focus of report platform and does contact statements and is the 'Speak Out!' whistleblowers outside of Information security policies exist to interviews) telephone hotline (0800 the online system. protect all information. 6. WhatsApp 32 23 32) which is 7. Social Media managed externally by Access to whistleblowers is strictly (Twitter) Crimestoppers. limited and controlled and all However, direct contact reasonable efforts are made to with the intelligence protect their confidentiality and team is also possible. security. The web page is labeled as ‘secure’. UKAD emulates systems used in law enforcement for the risk assessment Whistleblowers can also and risk management of provide information by whistleblowers. It also mirrors the calling the UKAD office, processes for handling, control, on WhatsApp (+44 authorization and then use of conduct 07587634711), Twitter, of human intelligence sources through the process of (whistleblowers). providing “substantial assistance”, “WhatsApp’ and during interviews.
United States “Play Clean Tip Center”: Asks person to provide as much The Investigation Team will Mentions that if the person wants to English 1. Online form (same Internal http://www.usa of America Report system based on information as possible. Further use any contact details remain anonymous to USADA then it web page) da.org/athletes/playclea Email, phone, mail, and details are not provided. provided by the is OK not to report any contact 2. Phone hotline n/ US Anti- dialogue box in web whistleblower. Further details. Mentions that information 3. Email address Doping page. All information details are not provided. reported to USADA is confidential 4. Physical Mail Agency located on a single web and that communicating with USADA address for USADA (USADA) page. The web page is will not change the confidential status labeled as ‘secure’. of this information. No further details mentioned.
19 International Federation Whistleblowing
International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms
20 International Federation Platforms
Overview Across a total of 35 International Federations (IFs; 28 Summer Olympic sports and 7 Winter Olympic sports), 26 whistleblowing platforms were identified (see Tables 3 and 4 for details). This means 74% of IFs have a whistleblowing platform in place. Of these, 16 IFs (62%) signposted informants to an external whistleblowing platform and in each case, the external platform was the WADA ‘Speak Up!’ platform (see Table 1). In contrast, 10 IFs (38%) hosted their own whistleblowing platform (and these are discussed in greater depth below). A total of 9/35 IFs (26%) had no explicit whistleblowing platform or resources signposted. However, two of these Federations (ITF – Tennis and International Boxing Association – AIBA) provide downloadable copies of the Federation's anti-doping policy via their website and for the ITF, the policy included some guidance on whistleblowing [e.g., that anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs) should be reported to the relevant NADOs and WADA] (See Table 1 and Table 2) as well as the ITF. However, no actual whistleblowing platform was provided. How does the whistleblowing platform work?: Of the 10 IFs who hosted their own whistleblowing platform, six (60%) were specific to reporting doping and four (40%) were available for reporting wrongdoing in sport more broadly (i.e., misconduct and perceived breaches in integrity and ethics). Eight of the 10 whistleblowing platforms (80%) included the option of reporting via an online form; of these, four IFs (50%; International Association of Athletics Federations – IAAF, International Cycling Union – UCI, International Football Federation – FIFA and International Judo Federation – IJF) redirected the informant to a new web page and the remaining four (50%) included the reporting avenue on the same web page. Five of the eight (63%) online reporting avenues were labeled as ‘secure’ which means that three (38%) were NOT labeled ‘secure’. Does the IF specify what to report?: The IFs (n=10) who hosted their own whistleblowing platforms varied in the amount of detail they asked from informants when making a report. Four IFs (40%) gave specific criteria in terms of what to report [e.g., date, type of doping activity, substances involved (if any), did the informant witness the incident first hand? etc.]. The remaining six IFs (60%) provided a brief description of what could be reported (e.g., breaches of governance and ethical matters) but did not elicit further details through questions or clear instructions. How will the IF follow up with report/contact the whistleblower?: Six of the 10 IFs (60%) who hosted their own whistleblowing platform(s) encouraged the informant to include their contact details for the purposes of following up. However, inclusion of contact details was optional for all of these federations, allowing informants to maintain their anonymity if they prefer. Within this, Football (FIFA) and Judo (IJF) were both able to follow up with informants by allocating them designated login/case codes so that informants can log back into the reporting portal, communicate with the federations and re-access their report(s) at a later date. Details regarding how the final four (40%) IFs with whistleblowing platforms would follow up with informants could not be found. How will the IF handle private data and confidentiality?: The majority (8/10, 80%) of the IFs with their own whistleblowing platforms explicitly advertised at least one avenue of whistleblowing as being confidential (e.g., a confidential phone hotline or confidential online report portal). Of the remaining two IFs, one (International Golf Federation - IGF) stated that it does not collect informants’ details (therefore does not need to worry about protecting confidentiality/anonymity) and the other (International Ski Federation – FIS) did not specify. In terms of following set data protection principles and policies, three Federations (Athletics – IAAF, Weightlifting – IWF and International Judo Federation – IJF) identified adherence to specific policies. However, the IWF (Weightlifting) did not specify which policy and/or principles it follows, whereas The IAAF (Athletics) stated that it follows CARE (Confidential, Anonymous, Responsibly handled and Encrypted and secure) data protection principles and IJF (Judo) adheres to WADA’s Whistleblowing Program and Policy. With regards to limits of confidentiality, the eight IFs who referenced the issue stated that the information provided in any whistleblowing report may be used in an investigation, however personal information will remain confidential within that federation. In order for personal data to be shared outside the context of an investigation the informant must provide informed consent. Also, Rugby (World Rugby) stated that information will remain confidential but may be shared with affiliated companies and organizations yet, it does not mention the need to obtain consent from the informant to do this. Language: All 10 IFs who hosted their own whistleblowing platform provided them in English. Also, two (CADF and World Rugby) of the 10 (20%) IFs made their platforms available in two or more languages. The World Rugby Federation offered the most languages with 13.
21 Avenues for Whistleblowing: The most common avenue for whistleblowing was by means of an online form (8/10, 80%). Five IFs provide the option of reporting via designated email address, three promoted whistleblowing via a telephone hotline and one offered the option of sending physical mail to a specified postal address. No IFs gave the option of face-to-face conversation/meeting as a whistleblowing avenue. Five IFs (50%) offered two or more avenues for reporting (e.g., online form, telephone number, email contact) and five IFs (50%) provided a single avenue for whistleblowing. Management: Half (5/10, 50%) of the IF whistleblowing platforms that were hosted by the IF themselves were found to be managed internally by a specific department within the federation. The remaining 5/10 (50%) IF whistleblowing platforms were managed by an external organization. Of these five platforms, three were general whistleblowing platforms (Football – FIFA, Equestrian – FEI and International Ski Federation - FIS) and two were doping-specific (Athletics – IAAF and Cycling – UCI). The external organizations that managed the IAAF and UCI whistleblowing platforms were the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU; for the IAAF) and Cycling Anti-Doping Foundation (CADF; for the UCI). These external organizations are contracted by the IFs to plan and carry out anti-doping activities, including the facilitation of whistleblowing. The organizations are external to the IFs, yet still operate specifically within the context of the two IFs, which makes these two particular whistleblowing platforms distinct to other externally managed platforms. The FEI (Equestrian) is also managed by an independent organization that is specific to the sport (The Equestrian Community Integrity Unit – ECIU), however this operates a broader, more general whistleblowing platform that is not specific to doping.
22 Table 3. Summer Olympic Sport International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms
Table Legend This Organization Hosts Its Own Whistleblowing Platform(s)
This Organization Signposts To Other Organization Whistleblowing Platforms
ABC General Whistleblowing Platform(s)
ABC Anti-Doping Specific Whistleblowing Platform(s)
International Name / How does the Does the Federation specify How will the Federation How will the Federation handle Language(s) Avenues For Management Link Federation whistleblowing what to report? follow up / contact private data and confidentiality? Whistleblowing (IF) platform work? whistleblower? World Link to WADA's 'Speak See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. Archery Up!' in the Anti-doping https://worldarchery. Federation section of the website org/Clean-Sport - (WA) (See Table 1). Web WHISTLEBLOWING page labeled as ‘secure’. International Online form (re-directed Questions ask who was involved Association to a new web page and in which country (mandatory Details are not provided. Data is protected under the principles English 1. Online form (directed External https://www.iaaf.org/ of Athletics operated by Athletics fields). There is an open of CARE [Confidential, Anonymous to new web page) (Athletics about-iaaf/medical- Federations Integrity Unit). This web dialogue box for 'supporting (if the informant wishes it to be), Integrity Unit) anti-doping (IAAF) page is listed as information', where the Responsibly handled and Encrypted ‘secure’. informant is given five bullet and secure]. Reported information is Redirects to: points to prompt informant secure and can only be accessed by https://www.athleticsi disclosure: authorized staff. ntegrity.org/
1. Name of the person(s) Contact details (name, email, phone) involved are optional fields. 2. Date(s) the incident(s) occurred 3. Type of doping activity? 4. Substances involved (if any)? 5. Did you witness the incident first hand, hear about it from someone else, or have a strong suspicion?
The individual is encouraged to provide any information (no matter how big or small) about 'possible doping activity'. The informant does not have to have witnessed an ADRV themselves. Badminton No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A World platform found http://bwfbadminton.c Federation om/ (BWF) International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A Basketball platform found http://www.fiba.baske Federation tball/ (FIBA)
23 International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A Boxing platform found, but a http://www.aiba.org/o Association downloadable copy of fficial-aiba-rules- (AIBA) the AIBA anti-doping documents/ policy can be found via the website. The policy states that ADRVs should be reported to the relevant NADOs and WADA (See Table 1 and Table 2). This policy is the same/very similar to the WADA Code. International Link to WADA's 'Speak See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. Canoe Up!' in the Medical and http://www.canoeicf.c Federation Anti-doping section of om/medical-and-anti- (ICF) the website (See Table doping 1). Web page labeled as ‘secure’. International Speak Out!: Individuals Cycling are first directed to an Does not specify on UCI web Contact details on form are The UCI documents that the CADF English and 1. Email to CADF External http://www.cadf.ch/int Union Email address: page, however on CADF form it optional. Further details not will treat all emails confidentially. French 2. Online form on CADF (CADF) elligence/ [email protected]. does mention to report any provided. website (open dialogue UCI - Union Emails are sent to the information or suspicion of The data that is sent to CADF via the box) Cycliste Cycling Anti-Doping doping. report doping form is encrypted and Internationale Foundation (CADF), the can be read by the authorized CADF independent body personnel only. mandated by the UCI to plan and carry out anti- doping activities in cycling. Next, individuals are directed to a 'report doping form' on the CADF website, consisting of a generic open dialogue box. The web page is labeled as ‘secure’. International Equestrian Community Equestrian Integrity Unit: Not The web page states that this Details are not provided. The phone hotline is labeled as English 1. ECIU confidential External http://inside.fei.org/fei Federation labeled specifically as a reporting platform can be used confidential however the email telephone hotline (+44 (Independent /about-fei/integrity (FEI) doping whistleblowing for the reporting of information address is not. The web page states (0) 20 7935 5822) Body - ECIU) platform but provides relevant to, but not limited to, the that evidence collected by the ECIU 2. ECIU email opportunity to call a Clean Sport program and betting relating to integrity may be put before (report@equestrianinteg confidential hotline or or corruption risks. It is any FEI body, including the Ground rity.com) email a contact from an responsible for investigating any Jury, the Appeal Committee, and the independent body - The integrity issues related to the FEI Tribunal or Court of Arbitration Equestrian Community FEI. for Sport. Integrity Unit (ECIU). Website is NOT labeled as ‘secure’. International Link to WADA's 'Speak See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. Fencing Up!' in the Clean Sport http://fie.org/fie/docu Federation web page (See Table 1). ments/clean-sport (FIE) Web page is NOT labeled as ‘secure’.
24 International Reporting Mechanism: FIFA states that the portal is for When the informant Confidentiality is ensured. The portal Football Not labeled specifically employees, persons bound by submits a report, they is on a separate web page that is English 1. Online form (directed External http://www.fifa.com/g Federation as a doping report the FIFA Code of Ethics, and receive a login code so that labeled as ‘secure’ so information is to new web page/ tab (BKMS overnance/news/y=2 (FIFA) platform but allows the others to notify FIFA of potential they can access their protected. Also, the informant is opened via secure System) 015/m=3/news=repor informant to report any violations. It also states that the specific complaint again under no compulsion to provide portal) ting-mechanism- misconduct that violates reporting system is intended for and this allows the personal or contact details - they can 2579537.html FIFA's Code of Ethics potential violations that fall federation to track and log into the portal using a set login via a separate and under the jurisdiction of FIFA, as follow up with the informant code in order to protect their identity secure online post-box opposed to the jurisdiction of a with regards to that specific and remain anonymous. FIFA also that can be re-accessed local entity, such as a complaint. provides further guidance on how to via a designated login confederation or association. remain anonymous: password/code. The - Enter the BKMS® server directly by website is listed as bookmarking the introduction page. ‘secure’. - Note that an intranet connection, in particular, may jeopardize your anonymity. International ‘Play Clean’ web page The IGF states that individuals No details found Informants are not asked to provide English Golf provides a number of can report tips via any of the personal details. 1. Online form (same Internal https://www.igfgolf.or Federation ways for informants to available platforms offered. web page) g/medical-anti- (IGF) report doping. Web 2. Email: doping/play-clean/ page is labeled as [email protected] ‘secure’. Informants can 3. Telephone provide information 4. Physical Mail directly on the website, by email, telephone, or physical mail. Web page is labeled as ‘secure’. International Link to WADA's 'Speak See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.fig- Gymnastics Up!' in the Anti-doping gymnastics.com/site/ Federation section of the website. pages/antidoping- (FIG) Web page is NOT about.php labeled as ‘secure’. International Link to WADA's 'Speak See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.ihf.info/en Handball Up!' in Anti-doping -us/thegame/anti- Federation section of the website. doping/reportdopingi
(IHF) Web page is NOT nhandball.aspx labeled as ‘secure’. International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A http://www.fih.ch/ Hockey platform found Federation (FIH) International ‘Report Doping’ online Drop down boxes direct When informant submits States that all cases are handled in English 1. Online form (click to Internal https://reportdoping.j Judo report form. Web page informant to specify: the information, they are cooperation with WADA and new page) udobase.org/form Federation is labeled as ‘secure’ - ADRV committed provided with a case individuals must consider the (IJF) and informants are - Country committed in number and password conditions of the WADA provided with specific - Who is involved enabling them to follow up Whistleblowing Program Policy and details on what to - Specific dates/time with the report. Procedures for Reporting Misconduct include in the report. period (link provided). - Description of situation
Informants can attach forms of evidence to the online report platform. International Link to WADA's 'Speak See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. https://www.uipmworl Modern Up!' in the Medical and d.org/medical-and- Pentathlon Anti-doping section of anti-doping-
Union (UIPM) the website. Website is 0?page=wada labeled as ‘secure’.
25 International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A http://www.worldrowi Federation of platform found ng.com/ Rowing Associations (FISA) World Rugby Not labeled specifically Instructs informant to report World Rugby states that it Informant can remain anonymous by 13 as a doping information on being may need to follow up with not including personal/ contact languages 1. Online form (on same Internal http://integrity.worldr whistleblowing platform, approached or asked to supply informants on reports details. World Rugby assures that available web page) ugby.org/index.php? but allows informants to information or if they know made. It will do this through information reported will be kept (English, 2. Email: module=1§ion=5 report "approaches, someone else who has been contact details provided by confidential. However, the website is French, confidential@worldrugby suspicions or breaches" approached or asked to supply the informant. However, not labeled as secure and also a German, .org to World Rugby via information. Informant is asked contact details are optional disclaimer at the bottom of the form Spanish, either an online report to provide information no matter fields and the informant is reads: "By making this submission Russian, form (on same web how small or seemingly instructed that they may not you confirm that World Rugby (and Mandarin, page) or an email irrelevant. The online form asks include these and remain any of its affiliated companies) may Romanian, address. The web page for informant contact details as anonymous if they wish to. share any information you submit Arabic, is NOT labeled as well as details about the with any Union, Rugby Body, law Dutch, ‘secure’. accused person. enforcement authority and/or Polish, competent authority for the purposes Czech, of World Rugby Regulation 6 and/or Portuguese applicable laws." Therefore, reported and Italian) information is not confidential within a single organization. World Sailing No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A http://www.sailing.org Limited platform found /
International Link to WADA's 'Speak Shooting Up!' in the Anti-doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.issf- Sport section of the website. sports.org/ Federation Website is labeled as (ISSF) ‘secure’. International Clean Sport Tipline: Numerous questions under the The informant can select States that all information will be kept English Swimming Online form on the FINA headings of: 'What do you wish whether or not they want to confidential and also the informant 1. Online form (on same Internal http://www.fina.org/re Federation website. Informant can to report (Doping or competition remain anonymous (by has a right to remain anonymous if web page) port-form (FINA) choose between 'doping manipulation), Anonymity (wish ticking a box), but FINA they choose (by ticking a box on the report' and 'competition to remain anonymous or not), encourages informants to form). Defines both ‘anonymity’ and manipulation' options. Contact details (none of which provide personal ‘confidentiality’. This web page is NOT are compulsory), Tell us about information to enable labeled as ‘secure’. the individual or entity you want appropriate follow up. to report, Tell us about the case.'
The form is detailed in terms of asking directed open and closed questions as opposed to an open dialogue box. Informant is asked to describe the case in as much detail as possible. Informant can attach evidence. International Link to WADA's 'Speak A short paragraph on useful Details are not provided. States that any information sent to English and Table Tennis Up!' in the Anti-doping information to report/ consider is the federation will be treated 'in strict Chinese 1. Email to ITTF Anti- Internal/ http://www.ittf.com/a Federation section of the website provided. confidence'. No further details Doping Manager to seek External nti-doping/report- (ITTF) and encourages this to provided. further guidance or ask (WADA) doping/ be used. Link to relevant questions NADO provided. Provides email for ITTF Anti-Doping Manager. Website is labeled as ‘secure’.
26 World Link to WADA's 'Speak http://www.worldtaek Taekwondo Up!' in the Anti-doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. wondofederation.net/ Federation section of the website medical-anti- (WTF) (See Table 1). Web doping/anti- page is NOT labeled doping/about-anti-
‘secure’. doping-clean-sport/ International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A http://www.itftennis.c Tennis platform found. Anti- om/home.aspx Federation doping procedure (ITF) document is downloadable from the ITF website. Few details on reporting doping. Further information can be obtained by emailing: anti- [email protected] International Link to WADA's 'Speak Triathlon Up!' in the Anti-Doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.triathlon.o Union (ITU) section of the website. rg/anti-doping Web page is labeled ‘secure’. International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found English N/A N/A Volleyball platform found http://www.fivb.com/e Federation n (FIVB) International Report Doping: Online The informant is asked to select Individual is asked to Short paragraph on the protection of English Internal Weightlifting form within 'anti-doping' an appropriate ADRV from a provide contact details (first informant data - confidentiality: "IWF 1. Online form (on same http://www.iwf.net/ant Federation section of IWF website. drop-down menu. The informant name, last name, assures that the information provided web page) i-doping/report- (IWF) The individual can is asked to report knowledge or telephone, email) if they will be treated in accordance with the doping/ respond to a series of suspicions in as much detail as wish to be contacted by the applicable privacy regulations and questions, including possible. Other questions ask IWF. No further details can be accessed only by authorized through an open about when the incident may provided. members of the IWF Anti-Doping dialogue box. There is have occurred, where (which Team. The IWF shall not share any also capacity for the country) and who is/was information provided through this informant to attach any involved. Informant can attach page and shall not identify the relevant files to the form. evidence. Sender to Third Parties without prior Website NOT labeled as consent.” Does not specify in detail ‘secure’. what these privacy regulations are. United World Link to WADA's 'Speak Wrestling Up!' in the Anti-Doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. https://unitedworldwr (UWW) section of the website. estling.org/governan Web page is labeled ce/report-doping ‘secure’.
27 Table 4. Winter Olympic Sport International Federation (IF) Whistleblowing Platforms
International Name / How does the Does the Federation specify How will Federation How will NADO handle private data Language(s) Avenues For Management Link Federation whistleblowing what to report? follow up / contact and confidentiality? Whistleblowing (IF) platform work? whistleblower? Link to WADA's 'Speak International Up!' in the Medical and See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.biathlonw Biathlon Anti-Doping section of orld.com/medical- Union (IBU) the website. Web page antidoping/ is NOT labeled as ‘secure’. Link to WADA's 'Speak International Up!' in the Anti-Doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.ibsf.org/e Bobsleigh & section of the website. n/anti-doping Skeleton Web page is NOT Federation labeled as ‘secure’. (IBSF) Link to WADA's 'Speak World Curling Up!' in the Anti-Doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.worldcurli Federation and Medical section of ng.org/anti-doping- (WCF) the website. Web page and-medical is NOT labeled as ‘secure’. International No whistleblowing Details not found Details not found Details not found Ice Hockey platform found English N/A N/A http://www.iihf.com/ Federation (IIHF) Link to WADA's 'Speak International Up!' in the Anti- See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. http://www.fil- Luge Doping/Fairplay section luge.org/de/anti- Federation of the website. Web doping-fairplay (FIL) page is NOT labeled as ‘secure’. Link to WADA's 'Speak International Up!' in the Anti-Doping See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. See Table 1. https://www.isu.org/a Skating and Medical section of nti-doping Union (ISU) the website. Web page is labeled as ‘secure’.
International Whistleblower Hotline is Simply states that breaches of Details not found Details not found English 1. Phone number External http://www.fis- Ski available for reporting governance and ethical matters 2. Email (Global Sports ski.com/inside- Federation doping (among other (including doping) can be Investigations) fis/medical- (FIS) forms of corruption). A reported to the Whistleblower antidoping/anti- phone number and Hotline. doping/ email address are provided. Web page is NOT labeled as ‘secure’.
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Additional Whistleblower Platforms
29 Additional Whistleblower Platforms
Overview
Beyond the WADA Code Signatories (namely NADOs and IFs) discussed in the previous sections, a number of relevant whistleblower platforms exist at an international level; three specific organizations have been identified and are discussed in this section (see Table 5 for details). As an independent foundation, FairSport offers a general whistleblowing platform that allows informants to contact the organization about any form of cheating in sport via three avenues with a different purpose for each: (1) open dialogue box for general enquiries, (2) an encrypted email address for information that the informant wishes to remain confidential and (3) sending messages via PGP keys for messages that guarantee the highest security for personal information. Details of what the organization specifically requests the informant to report and also how they will follow up with the informant could not be found. It is stated that all information reported by the informant will be kept strictly confidential and the website provides a link to the FairSport Data Protection Policy. Also, the reporting web page is labeled as ‘secure’ in the web browser, indicating that information shared via this page is protected. The website is available in English and is internally managed by the organization itself. SportsLeaks and DopingLeaks are the same website offering a secure global platform for providing information on doping, corruption and cheating in sport. The website is operated by a group of international investigative journalists who are committed to investigating the information that is provided to them. Informants are able to provide information by means of email, physical mail, or online via one of two reporting avenues. The first is listed as “Send Simple Tips” and the second is labeled “Send Sensitive Information”. The latter is the most secure avenue for reporting and informants are “highly encouraged” to utilize this avenue. Once the tab is clicked, a dialogue box opens which includes instructions regarding what information to provide and the option of attaching files. Once submitted, the informant receives a unique code which enables them to return securely to the submission at a later point. There are also instructions for creating a Tails USB Stick if the informant wants even greater security. The website is available in six languages and internally managed by the journalists. It provides a state-of-the-art secure platform for reporting information. Lastly, the International Center for Sport Security (ICSS) includes a Sport Integrity Unit (SIU) that hosts an online reporting platform. The website can be used to report any form of misconduct, abuse or corruption in international sport. Individuals are encouraged to utilize the website to share incidents they have witnessed, suspect and/or have reasonable grounds to believe occurred. Once information is submitted, informants receive a secure mailbox, ID and password. They are required to specify the dates and location in which the incident occurred. Informants have the option of providing an email address but it is not mandatory. The website is available in English and security is provided through an external organization (WhistleBlower Protection). The reporting website is labeled as ‘secure’. As of 17 July 2018, the ICSS and WADA have signed a Memorandum of Understanding with an aim to coordinate efforts to better fight doping in sport.
30 Table 5. Additional Whistleblower Platforms
Organization Name / How does the Does the organization How will the How will the organization handle Language(s) Avenues For Management Link whistleblowing platform work? specify what to report? organization follow up private data and confidentiality? Whistleblowing / contact whistleblower?
FairSport “Contact”: Not exclusive to the Details are not provided. Details are not provided. The safety and confidentiality of informant English 1. Online form (on Internal https://fairsport.org/#con reporting of doping. Provides information is described as FairSport's same web page) tact options for the informant to send a highest priority – There is a link to the 2. Encrypted email message to FairSport via three FairSport Data Protection Policy. address methods. FairSport utilize advanced encryption 3. PGP Encryption Key services and adhere to strict privacy Method 1: Open dialogue box and measures for the protection of those who contact details for general contact them with information about messages that do not require strict cheating in sport. They offer three security (Personal Information is different ways to contact them with NOT secure). varying levels of security (See Column 1).
Method 2: Messages are sent via and to an encrypted email account (Recommended for confidential information).
Method 3: Offers the highest level of security using PGP Keys.
The web page is labeled as ‘secure’ in the web browser.
Sports/ “Sportsleaks.com” and When you click on the Guarantee to: Website states: English 1. Email Internal https://www.sportsleaks. Doping Leaks “Dopingleaks.com”. Secure global secure platform link -protect anonymity “Your safety and anonymity are very French 2. By post com/ - contact_upload platform allowing informant to specific boxes open: -do their best to important to us. That's why our platform German 3. Secure platform share information and files to - Describe your investigate the has been created with GlobaLeaks, a free Russian (Two levels of security investigative journalists. The web submission in a few words information submitted and open source software specially Portuguese – Lowest: provides link page is labeled as ‘secure’ in the - Sports and regions -use platform to created for whistleblowing. You can Chinese to click; Highest: copy web browser. involved (optional) evaluate the information contact us or send information - & paste link in to web -Description (e.g., and share it with documents, audio and video recordings, browser) anything you want us to trustworthy colleagues etc. - by using this platform. There are know about the context) different ways to use it”. It is “highly - Attached files recommended” that informants use the - Identity (optional) most secure method. Once submitted, the informant gets unique code allowing them to return to the submission at a later point. Once filed, the report Will only ask informant to identify English 1. Web page The Sport Integrity Hotline. The web Once you enter the will be immediately themselves where jurisdictions require External https://www.integritycou International page is used to report any form of reporting page, you are forwarded to a team of them to. (WhistleBlower nts.ca/org/sportintegrityh Centre for misconduct or abuse in sport (not asked to provide experts. SIU does not Security) otline Sport doping specific). Click a link on the information including: date track ISP addresses. Advise individual NOT to report using a Security web page to report. Labeled as incident occurred, location Independent third party work server or issued mobile (ICSS) Sport ‘secure’ once you enter the of incident. secure technical devise/laptop. Advised to use a VPN to Integrity Unit reporting page. reporting framework in make ISP. (SIU) Advised to report if you place. Informant have knowledge of, have provided with a secure witnessed or have mailbox, ID code and reasonable grounds to password and may suspect an alleged crime provide their email if and/or misconduct has desired. SIU occurred in international investigators operate sport. high-grade encryption. 31 Conclusion
The establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Speak Up platform (2017) means there is now a globalized central platform for whistleblowing on doping in sport. However, this is only one of many existing ‘Report Doping’ platforms, as numerous National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs) and International Federations (IFs) also host whistleblowing platforms.
Some of these are specific to reporting doping whereas others are available for reporting wrongdoing in sport more broadly. The abundance of whistleblowing platforms documented and described in this report speaks to the increased value that is being placed on disclosing misconduct in sport by means of whistleblowing. However, quantity should not be prioritized over quality and this report details significant variations across the platforms. Specifically, heterogeneity was noted in such things as what information is collected, how the information is dealt with, avenues for reporting doping, who manages the information, etc. Although ‘Report
Doping’ platforms are plentiful, it is yet to be determined which platforms are most effective and why. In order to maximize the effectiveness of whistleblowing as a means for exposing and deterring doping in sport, a useful next step in this research would be to explore possible answers to this question. Specifically, what are athletes and support personnel looking for in relation to whistleblowing on doping. Do they want convenience? Multiple avenues for reporting? Clean instructions on how and what to report? Answering these questions presents an opportunity to create evidence-based whistleblowing policy and practice. And, in turn, will likely increase engagement with whistleblowing in sport.
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