DOCSLIB.ORG

Video Gaming Update

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Video Gaming Update June 2020 Also in this issue: Main Quest Does My Video Game Violate 3 Strategy Guide Consumers’ Privacy Rights? 3 Side Quests The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is the first broad-based state statute aimed Recent holdings at enhancing personal privacy rights for consumers. Following the example set by the in video game and European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the CCPA expands the rights related lawsuits of California residents to know about the collection, sale and sharing of their personal data, and enables them to object to the retention or sale of such data. Although the CCPA 5 Patch Notes was enacted on June 28, 2018, it only took effect on January 1, 2020, and enforcement by Updates on litigation, the state’s attorney general began on July 1, 2020. Although the statute applies only to regulation and California residents, the law is not limited to California companies; rather, any company legislation impacting that does business in California may fall under its scope. Accordingly, companies that may the industry be impacted by the CCPA — which includes many companies in the video game industry — are well advised to understand the requirements of the CCPA and evaluate their internal 7 Contacts procedures to ensure compliance. Relevant Provisions of the CCPAI The CCPA applies to any business that (a) collects consumers’ personal data, (b) does busi- ness in California (even if situated outside the state), and (c) satisfies one of the following conditions: (i) has annual gross revenues exceeding $25 million; (ii) buys, receives or sells personal information of 50,000 or more consumers or households; or (iii) earns more than half of its annual revenue from selling consumers’ personal information. The CCPA allows California residents to request that businesses meeting these criteria identify the “personal information” that those businesses collect, as well as to demand that those businesses delete and/or not sell such personal information. “Personal information” is defined very broadly in the statute to include not only traditional forms of personal information (e.g., names, email and physical addresses, etc.) but also a broader set of data, including IP addresses, browsing histories, geolocation data, physical data, professional or employment-related data, education information and even biometric data, provided that such data can be used to identify an individual, household or particular device. Moreover, the CCPA’s definition of “personal information” encompasses inferences that can be drawn from any other information collected by the businesses (such as brand preferences, viewing habits, etc.) and used to create profiles about a consumer’s behavior, trends, characteristics, preferences and more. Follow us for more thought leadership: / skadden.com © Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. All rights reserved. June 2020 The CCPA also requires businesses to (a) provide notice of or older can play; doing so restricts the player base to some data sharing/sale opt-out rights to consumers, and (b) obtain degree, but the company is able to collect the same data from affirmative consent to the sale of information from users under all players, without concern of violating COPPA. However, this 16 years of age (and consent from a parent/guardian for users same strategy of age-gating may not be feasible with respect under 13). In other words, while the default scheme is implied to players 13-16, as such players may (depending on the game) consent with users affirmatively opting out of data sharing, represent a large percentage of the player base. While compa- for users under 16 the default is that sale and sharing are not nies may be able to avoid the need to age-gate by segregating permitted unless the user (or his or her parent/guardian, if the the data collected from users ages 13 to 16 — thus ensuring user is under 13) opts in. that such data is not mistakenly sold without consent — these additional steps may not be feasible or cost-effective. In the event a company fails to comply with these requirements, the CCPA provides for both government enforcement as well Second, the CCPA’s broad definition of “personal information” as a limited private right of action in the case of data breaches. implicates certain activities that video game companies might The California attorney general may seek civil penalties of up not typically associate with the collection of personal data, to $2,500 for each CCPA violation (measured by each instance particularly in the esports and streaming contexts. For example, of any specific provision or requirement being violated), or biometric information about a game’s player, such as keystroke up to $7,500 for intentional violations.1 Additionally, California patterns, recognition and click speeds, and logon/logoff times, consumers may bring a private right of action for data breaches could all fall under the CCPA definition of “personal informa- involving nonencrypted and nonredacted personal information, tion” if they can be uniquely identifiable. Esports companies where the company failed to implement reasonable security may be interested in collecting and storing such data for procedures. Under such private actions, impacted consumers purposes completely separate from their typical data collection may seek either their actual damages or statutory damages of practices — for example, as a means to identify and root out between $100 and $750, whichever is greater. Thus, because cheating. Similarly, streaming services may be interested in of the availability of statutory damages, consumers who have collecting information about a user’s preferred channels or been impacted by a data breach may recover from noncompliant time spent watching a particular stream to better tailor their companies even without a showing of harm. service to the user. Indeed, even a company hosting an esports tournament or gaming event may inadvertently collect personal CCPA’s Impact on the Video Game Industry data by recording who is watching the event, or who is inter- Beyond the general impact of the CCPA — requiring all compa- acting with the company’s social media posts regarding the nies to ensure that their data collection, retention and sale/ event. While the mere collection of this information does not sharing policies meet the CCPA’s requirements — companies in itself violate the CCPA, the fact that a company is collecting, involved in the video game industry are likely to experience storing and potentially sharing this information would require more specific consequences in at least three ways. that company to comply with the CCPA and be aware that such information is subject to the CCPA’s regulations. First, the CCPA’s requirement of obtaining affirmative consent for the sale of data from any user under 16 will likely have a Finally, the effects of the CCPA may be particularly acute for disproportionate impact on the video game industry, given companies in the mobile and free-to-play gaming space, which the popularity of video games with younger audiences. And often rely heavily on consumers’ data as a source of revenue. while many companies already take steps to limit their data It is worth remembering that the CCPA is specifically directed collection practices for users under 13 (as required under to any company that earns more than half its annual revenue the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, or COPPA), the from selling customers’ personal data, or collects information strategies employed to do so may not be feasible or desirable from more than 50,000 consumers or household. Thus, a free- for users in the 13-16 age bracket. For example, an online game to-play or mobile game developer that supports itself with ad may age-gate its service so only users who are 13 years of age revenue tied to consumer data may need to be CCPA-compliant even if its annual revenue is relatively low. 1 It should be noted that the CCPA provides a 30-day cure period before the attorney general may seek such fines against a company. 2 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates June 2020 Strategy Guide There are a number of best practices video game companies can employ in order to minimize the risks associated with the CCPA: - It is vital that companies review their data collection, • While ensuring compliance will likely require some upfront retention and selling practices, and ensure they are in investment, such expenditures are likely far less than compliance with the CCPA, most notably by including the penalties a company could incur for noncompliance, an appropriate “opt-out” option for all users over 16 particularly given the CCPA’s statutory damages provision. years of age and obtaining affirmative consent to sell - Companies should examine the types of data they collect data from users under 16 (or their parent/guardian, and ensure that they are collecting only what is necessary. where appropriate). For example, while it may seem beneficial to ask for a • In connection with this review, companies should insti- user’s phone number as part of a registration process, if tute compliance programs so they are able to respond the company has no plans to use that information, it may to claims of CCPA violations within the statutory time consider forgoing the collection and storage of such data. period and thereby avoid liability. - Where feasible, companies should take steps to anonymize • Additionally, companies should review and update and de-identify any information collected and stored in the their privacy policies as necessary to comply with aggregate. The CCPA covers only personal information that the CCPA requirements. can be linked with an individual; anonymous data does not pose any risks from a CCPA perspective. Side Quests Recent judicial decisions and enacted statutes or regulations that are likely to impact the video game industry Ubisoft Entertainment SA v.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya: Manga V
    THE MELANCHOLY OF HARUHI SUZUMIYA: MANGA V. 17 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Nagaru Tanigawa,Gaku Tsugano,Noizi Ito | 176 pages | 17 Dec 2013 | Little, Brown & Company | 9780316322348 | English | New York, United States The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya: Manga v. 17 PDF Book The two series were streamed in Japanese and with English subtitles on Kadokawa's YouTube channel between February 13 and May 15, Character Family see all. Chad rated it liked it Nov 10, Essential We use cookies to provide our services , for example, to keep track of items stored in your shopping basket, prevent fraudulent activity, improve the security of our services, keep track of your specific preferences e. While Haruhi is the central character to the plot, the story is told from the point of view of Kyon , one of Haruhi's classmates. Retrieved February 26, On April 17, Yen Press announced that they had acquired the license for the North American release of the first four volumes of the second manga series, promising the manga would not be censored. September 25, August 21, [10] [35]. No trivia or quizzes yet. The "next episode" previews feature two different episode numberings: one number from Haruhi, who numbers the episodes in chronological order, and one number from Kyon, who numbered them in broadcast order. Nagaru Tanigawa is a Japanese author best known for The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya for which he won the grand prize at the eighth annual Sneaker Awards. November 21, [41]. Era see all. Nineteen Eighty-four by George Orwell Paperback, 4. Retrieved April 14, The series has been licensed by Bandai Entertainment and has been dubbed by Bang Zoom! An omnibus of three anthologies containing short stories from several different manga artists.
    [Show full text]
  • 08-1448 Brown V. Entertainment Merchants Assn. (06/27/2011)
    (Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2010 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus BROWN, GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA, ET AL. v. ENTERTAINMENT MERCHANTS ASSOCIATION ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 08–1448. Argued November 2, 2010—Decided June 27, 2011 Respondents, representing the video-game and software industries, filed a preenforcement challenge to a California law that restricts the sale or rental of violent video games to minors. The Federal District Court concluded that the Act violated the First Amendment and permanently enjoined its enforcement. The Ninth Circuit affirmed. Held: The Act does not comport with the First Amendment. Pp. 2–18. (a) Video games qualify for First Amendment protection. Like pro- tected books, plays, and movies, they communicate ideas through fa- miliar literary devices and features distinctive to the medium. And “the basic principles of freedom of speech . do not vary” with a new and different communication medium. Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wil- son, 343 U. S. 495, 503. The most basic principle—that government lacks the power to restrict expression because of its message, ideas, subject matter, or content, Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Un- ion, 535 U.
    [Show full text]
  • United Kingdom in Re Struthers and Others V. Japan
    REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Anglo-Japanese Property Commission established pursuant to the Agreement concluded between the Allied Powers and the Government of Japan on 12 June 1952 Decision of 30 November 1960 in the case United Kingdom in re Struthers and others v. Japan Commission anglo-japonaise des biens, établie en vertu de l’Accord conclu entre les Puissances Alliées et le gouvernement du Japon le 12 juin 1952 Décision du 30 novembre 1960 dans l’affaire Royaume-Uni in re Struthers et al. c. Japon 30 November 1960 VOLUME XXIX, pp.513-519 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2012 PART XXIII Anglo-Japanese Property Commission established pursuant to the Agreement concluded between the Allied Powers and the Government of Japan on 12 June 1952 Commission anglo-japonaise des biens, établie en vertu de l’Accord conclu entre les Puissances Alliées et le gouvernement du Japon le 12 juin 1952 Anglo-Japanese Property Commission established pursuant to the Agreement concluded between the Allied Powers and the Government of Japan on 12 June 1952 Commission anglo-japonaise des biens, établie en vertu de l’Accord conclu entre les Puissances Alliées et le Gouvernement du Japon le 12 juin 1952 Decision of 30 November 1960 in the case United Kingdom in re Struthers and others v. Japan* Décision du 30 novembre 1960 dans l’affaire Royaume-Uni in re Struthers et al. c. Japon** Treaty of peace between the United Kingdom and Japan of 1951—treaty interpre- tation—intention of the parties—meaning of “property”—inability of States to restrict treaty obligations through national law.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry V Plays Richard II
    Colby Quarterly Volume 26 Issue 2 June Article 6 June 1990 "I will...Be like a king": Henry V Plays Richard II Barbara H. Traister Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Quarterly, Volume 26, no.2, June 1990, p.112-121 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Traister: "I will...Be like a king": Henry V Plays Richard II "I will . .. Be like a king": Henry V Plays Richard II by BARBARA H. TRAISTER N BOTH RichardII and Henry v, the first and last plays ofthe second tetralogy, I kings engage in highly theatrical activity. Each play, however, has a very different metadramatic focus. In Richard II acting becomes a metaphor for the way Richard sees himself. The focus of audience attention is the narcissistic royal actor whose principal concern is his own posturing and who is his own greatest, and eventually only, admirer. Richard is an actor and dramatist, the embodiment of Elizabeth I's comment: "We Princes, I tell you, are set on stages, in the sight and view of all the world duly observed" (quoted in Neale 1957,2:19). However, his self-ab­ sorption and blindness to the world around him lead the audience to make few, if any, connections between him and the actor-dramatist who created him. The play is nearly empty of self-reflexive dramatic overtones despite its complex portrait of a player king.
    [Show full text]
  • 17-1299 Franchise Tax Bd. of Cal. V. Hyatt (05/13/2019)
    (Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2018 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus FRANCHISE TAX BOARD OF CALIFORNIA v. HYATT CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF NEVADA No. 17–1299. Argued January 9, 2019—Decided May 13, 2019 Respondent Hyatt sued petitioner Franchise Tax Board of California (Board) in Nevada state court for alleged torts committed during a tax audit. The Nevada Supreme Court rejected the Board’s argument that the Full Faith and Credit Clause required Nevada courts to ap- ply California law and immunize the Board from liability. The court held instead that general principles of comity entitled the Board only to the same immunity that Nevada law afforded Nevada agencies. This Court affirmed, holding that the Full Faith and Credit Clause did not prohibit Nevada from applying its own immunity law. On remand, the Nevada Supreme Court declined to apply a cap on tort liability applicable to Nevada state agencies. This Court reversed, holding that the Full Faith and Credit Clause required Nevada courts to grant the Board the same immunity that Nevada agencies enjoy. The Court was equally divided, however, on whether to over- rule Nevada v. Hall, 440 U.
    [Show full text]
  • NBC Subsidiary (WMAQ TV) LLC V. Chicago Police Department, 2019 IL App (1St) 181426
    Illinois Official Reports Appellate Court NBC Subsidiary (WMAQ-TV) LLC v. Chicago Police Department, 2019 IL App (1st) 181426 Appellate Court NBC SUBSIDIARY (WMAQ-TV) LLC, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. THE Caption CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT, Defendant-Appellant. District & No. First District, Fourth Division No. 1-18-1426 Filed September 5, 2019 Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 17-CH-09589; the Review Hon. Neil H. Cohen, Judge, presiding. Judgment Affirmed. Counsel on Mark A. Flessner, Corporation Counsel, of Chicago (Benna Ruth Appeal Solomon, Myriam Zreczny Kasper, and Jonathon D. Byrer, Assistant Corporation Counsel, of counsel), for appellant. Matthew Topic, Joshua Burday, and Merrick Wayne, of Loevy & Loevy, of Chicago, for appellee. Panel JUSTICE LAMPKIN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Presiding Justice Hoffman and Justice Rochford concurred in the judgment and opinion. OPINION ¶ 1 Plaintiff, Chicago-based NBC Subsidiary (WMAQ-TV) LLC (WMAQ), sued defendant, the Chicago Police Department (CPD), seeking disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 ILCS 140/1 et seq. (West 2016)) of records related to the 2014 fatal shooting of 16-year-old W.R. by police officers. ¶ 2 The circuit court granted WMAQ’s partial summary judgment motion but denied CPD’s cross-motion for summary judgment. The court ruled that the records concerning the investigation of W.R. for a criminal offense were exempt from disclosure under FOIA due to confidentiality provisions applicable to the law enforcement records of minors pursuant to the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Act) (705 ILCS 405/1-1 et seq.
    [Show full text]
  • Barclays Bank PLC V. Franchise Tax Board: the Need for Judicial Restraint in Foreign Commerce Clause Analysis Todd Cameron Taylor
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of North Carolina School of Law NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COMMERCIAL REGULATION Volume 20 | Number 2 Article 6 Winter 1995 Barclays Bank PLC v. Franchise Tax Board: The Need for Judicial Restraint in Foreign Commerce Clause Analysis Todd Cameron Taylor Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Recommended Citation Todd C. Taylor, Barclays Bank PLC v. Franchise Tax Board: The Need for Judicial Restraint in Foreign Commerce Clause Analysis, 20 N.C. J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 329 (1994). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol20/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Barclays Bank PLC v. Franchise Tax Board: The eedN for Judicial Restraint in Foreign Commerce Clause Analysis Cover Page Footnote International Law; Commercial Law; Law This note is available in North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ ncilj/vol20/iss2/6 NOTES Barclays Bank PLC v. Franchise Tax Board: The Need for Judicial Restraint in Foreign Commerce Clause Analysis I. Introduction It is an oft-repeated legal maxim that hard cases make bad law. To this statement it should be added that good results in hard cases still make bad law.
    [Show full text]
  • Utah V. Evans: How Census 2000'S "Sampling in Disguise" Fooled the Supreme Court Into Allocating Utah's Seat in the U.S
    Pepperdine Law Review Volume 31 Issue 4 Article 5 5-15-2004 Utah v. Evans: How Census 2000's "Sampling in Disguise" Fooled the Supreme Court into Allocating Utah's Seat in the U.S. House of Representatives to North Carolina Nathan T. Dwyer Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Courts Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Nathan T. Dwyer Utah v. Evans: How Census 2000's "Sampling in Disguise" Fooled the Supreme Court into Allocating Utah's Seat in the U.S. House of Representatives to North Carolina, 31 Pepp. L. Rev. Iss. 4 (2004) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol31/iss4/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Caruso School of Law at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pepperdine Law Review by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Utah v. Evans: How Census 2000's "Sampling in Disguise" Fooled the Supreme Court into Allocating Utah's Seat in the U.S. House of Representatives to North Carolina TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND A. History of the Census B. Standing Problemsfor Census Cases C. The Census Act D. The Census Clause of the Constitution III. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND IV. ANALYSIS A. Justice Breyer's Majority Opinion B. Justice O'Connor'sDissenting Opinion C. Justice Thomas's Dissenting Opinion D. Justice Scalia's Dissenting Opinion V.
    [Show full text]
  • Batmobile Replicas
    FOR PUBLICATION UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT DC COMICS, No. 13-55484 Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. v. 2:11-cv-03934- RSWL-OP MARK TOWLE, an individual, DBA Garage Gotham, Defendant-Appellant. OPINION Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Ronald S.W. Lew, Senior District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted February 5, 2015—Pasadena, California Filed September 23, 2015 Before: Michael J. Melloy,* Jay S. Bybee, and Sandra S. Ikuta, Circuit Judges. Opinion by Judge Ikuta * The Honorable Michael J. Melloy, Senior Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation. 2 DC COMICS V. TOWLE SUMMARY** Copyright / Trademark The panel affirmed the district court’s summary judgment in a copyright and trademark infringement action brought by DC Comics against a maker of Batmobile replicas. The panel held that the Batmobile, as it appeared in the Batman comic books, television series, and motion picture, was entitled to copyright protection because this automotive character was a sufficiently distinctive element of the works. The panel held that DC Comics owned a copyright interest in the Batmobile character, as expressed in the 1966 television series and the 1989 motion picture, because it did not transfer its underlying rights to the character when it licensed rights to produce derivative works. The panel held that the defendant’s replica cars infringed on DC Comics’ copyrights. The panel affirmed the district court’s ruling that the defendant could not assert a laches defense to DC Comics’ trademark infringement claim because he willfully infringed DC’s trademarks.
    [Show full text]
  • Solutions December 3/4 Lorentz Velocity Addition, Time
    PHY 140Y – FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS 2001-2002 Tutorial Questions #12 – Solutions December 3/4 Lorentz Velocity Addition, Time Dilation, and Lorentz Contraction 1. Two spaceships are travelling with velocities of 0.6c and 0.9c relative to a third observer. (a) What is the speed of one spaceship relative to the other spaceship if they are going in the same direction? (b) What is their relative speed if they are going in opposite directions? Solution: (a) Define reference frame A for one of the spaceships, say the one travelling at 0.6c (call it #1). Then the observer moves at velocity v = –0.6c with respect to this reference frame. v = -0.6c u = ? A - reference frame A' - reference frame spaceship 2 of spaceship 1 of the observer - moves at u' = 0.9c wrt A' The speed of spaceship #2 with respect to spaceship #1 is then given by Lorentz velocity addition: u'+v 0.9c − 0.6c u = = = 0.652c = 2.0×108 m/s v − 0.6c 1+ u' 1+ (0.9c) c2 c2 (b) Now the spaceships are going in opposite directions, so u’ = -0.9c. v = -0.6c u = ? A - reference frame A' - reference frame spaceship 2 of spaceship 1 of the observer - moves at u' = -0.9c wrt A' ____________________________________________________________________________________ PHY 140Y – Foundations of Physics 2001-2002 (K. Strong) Tutorial 12 Solutions, page 1 Lorentz velocity addition gives: u'+v − 0.9c − 0.6c u = = = −0.974c = −2.9×108 m/s v (−0.6c) 1+ u' 1+ (−0.9c) c2 c2 The negative sign indicates that the space ships are moving in opposite directions.
    [Show full text]
  • DVD-Audio by Gary S
    Everything You Wanted to Know About DVD-Audio By Gary S. Hall When someone says “DVD”, what most people think of is DVD-Video, the now-familiar format supported by tens of millions of players. DVD-Video (“DVD-V”) offers a great picture, random access and interactivity, and it has nice audio features, too. DVD-Audio (“DVD-A”) is the “other” DVD format, using the same physical medium with a different set of content definitions, trading off video features for truly awesome audio fidelity in stereo and surround. DVD-A also includes special navigation features for music listeners. For audio and music producers, DVD-Audio is a natural. A new generation of DVD-A authoring tools now makes it easy and cost-effective to distribute stereo and multi-channel recordings of unprecedented fidelity in any quantity, with user extras such as menu navigation, artist photos, lyrics and liner notes. DVD- Audio / DVD-Video hybrid discs can be made fully compatible with all DVD players as well. At present, DVD-V is more prevalent, but DVD-A is gaining popularity. The DVD- Video spec was finalized several years ago, and players and titles have been available since 1998. By contrast, the specification for DVD-Audio was only truly completed in 2001. Today, increasing number of DVD players support DVD-Audio as well as DVD- Video (at very attractive prices, too). The number of DVD-Audio titles is now increasing rapidly, as major record companies and specialty labels rush to take advantage of the format’s special features What Makes DVD-Audio So Great? The table below compares the features of DVD-Video and DVD-Audio.
    [Show full text]
  • GREAT AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY V. PILOT TRAVEL CENTERS, LLC
    03/05/2020 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT KNOXVILLE Assigned on Briefs January 2, 2020 GREAT AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY v. PILOT TRAVEL CENTERS, LLC Appeal from the Chancery Court for Knox County No. 181578-2 Clarence E. Pridemore, Jr., Chancellor No. E2019-00649-COA-R3-CV This appeal arises out of a negligence lawsuit. TLD Logistics Services, Inc. (“TLD”), an interstate common carrier, sued Pilot Travel Centers, LLC (“Pilot”) in the Chancery Court for Knox County (“the Trial Court”). TLD was a customer of Comdata Network, Inc. (“Comdata”), and Pilot was a Comdata vendor. Upon request from TLD, Comdata issued codes for the creation of Comcheks, negotiable draft instruments TLD used to pay workers. Pilot would print and deliver the Comcheks. TLD alleged that Pilot breached its duty of care by failing to ascertain whether Comchek payees were legitimate, thus causing TLD monetary loss when a rogue TLD employee fraudulently caused numerous Comcheks to be issued that were negotiated by Pilot. Pilot filed a motion for summary judgment. Pilot argued in its motion that TLD should have kept better internal safeguards to prevent what happened with its employee, and that TLD was 50% or more at fault in this matter. The Trial Court granted Pilot’s motion for summary judgment. Great American Insurance Company (“Great American”), subrogee of TLD and substituted as plaintiff mid-proceedings below, appeals to this Court. We hold that reasonable minds could disagree as to whether TLD was 50% or more at fault. We reverse the judgment of the Trial Court, and remand for further proceedings consistent with this Opinion.
    [Show full text]