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IN THIS ISSUE Using Mothballs in the Landscape Backyard Gardener IN THIS UF/IFAS EXTENSION, V OLUSIA COUNTY FEBRUARY 2015 ISSUE Using Mothballs in the Landscape – A No-No!!!! Joe Sewards Usig Mothballs in UF/IFAS Extension, Volusia County Urban Horticulture Agent and Master Gardener Coordinator the Landscape— A NO-NO!!...Pg 1 Wow Factor ... ver the years, I have heard of folks using mothballs in the landscape to repel a variety of wildlife and insects. Mothballs have been recom- Page 3 mended (in error, I might add) to repel snakes, armadillos, moles, in- We Get Calls in sects etc. It is important to know that this is wrong! the Clinic...Pg 4 O Calendar...Page 5 Mothballs are a registered pesticide and, as with any pesticide, they are regu- lated in the United States by the EPA and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS). There are currently more than 30 products reg- istered with the US EPA that contain paradichlorobenzene and more than a dozen products that contain naphthalene (Fishel 2014). The label of any pesti- cide, including mothballs, specifies exactly where and how to legally use the product. Using mothballs in a way not specified by the label is not only illegal but can harm people, pets, or the environment. There are snake and wildlife repellents available at retail stores that contain naphthalene; however, mothball products are not approved for such use and can result in harm to children, pets, and other animals. Always read the product label first before using a pesticide product in order to determine where it can be used, what pests the product will control, and how to use it correctly. Mothball containers typically direct the user to place mothballs in a tightly closed container that will prevent the pesticide fumes from accumu- lating in living spaces where people and pets can breathe them for long periods of time. Are there harmful health effects caused by mothballs? Continued on Page 2 The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educa- tional information, and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions, or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Coopera- tive Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information, and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions, or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Using Mothballs in the Landscape – A No-No!!!! - Continued from Page 1 Are there harmful health effects caused by mothballs? They can harm people, pets, or wildlife that may touch or eat the mothballs or that may breathe the vapors. Humans are most likely to be exposed to either paradichlorobenzene or naphthalene by breathing in the va- pors. Small children and pets are at risk of eating mothballs, because they look like candy or other treats. One mothball can cause serious harm if eaten by a small child. Once naphthalene enters the human body, it is broken down to alpha-naphthol, which is linked to the devel- opment of hemolytic anemia, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells. As a result, oxygen can no longer be carried as it should. Kidney and liver damage may also occur. In humans, paradichlorobenzene is distrib- uted in the blood, fat, and breast milk. It is broken down into several other chemicals by the body and ex- creted in urine. Most of these chemicals will turn into a gas. In air, the half-life of naphthalene and paradi- chlorobenzene is less than one day and about 31 days, respectively. Paradichlorobenzene that binds to soil may be taken up by plants, and plant leaves may absorb it from the air. Paradichlorobenzene has been found in rainwater and snow and in groundwater close to a source of contamination. It is considered moderate to low in toxicity to fish, with differences in sensitivity by species. There is no information available for paradi- chlorobenzene’s effects on bees. The Bottom Line Using a pesticide in a manner inconsistent with the label directions is illegal and carries the force of law. Moth balls are a pesticide and must be used in accordance with label directions to avoid environmental con- tamination, harming desirable wildlife and, possibly harming members of your household. There have always been “folk remedies” for landscape pests that are promulgated by gardeners everywhere. Some work and some don’t. It is important to control landscape pests and unwanted wildlife in the landscape by using methods that are based upon sound science and the latest research. As Master Gardeners, that is the kind of information that we are required to give. Folk remedies are usually not given by us unless they have been validated by sci- ence. Sometimes, using folk remedies such as mothballs can result in more envi- ronmental damage than products that are labeled for any given landscape pest. The bottom line; READ THE LABEL! Like us on Facebook… www.facebook.com/UniversityOfFloridaIfasVolusiaCounty Extension 2 WOW Factor Rebecca Turner, Master Gardener UF/IFAS Extension, Volusia County There are some plants about which you just have to Typhaceae, and yes, you may have already guessed say “Wow, I didn’t know!” Such is this plant which it – it’s the Cattail species! It’s also known as the seems put here on earth just for man. It lacks noth- Bulrush, and even more fitting, Corn Dog Grass. ing that man can’t use. The stately stalks can be eaten, providing both protein and starch. The rhi- There are two native zomes can also be eaten raw or ground into flour. In types of Cattail in Flor- fact, the entire plant can be used for food, even the ida: the southern cattail pollen. The long, strong fibrous leaves are important or Typha domingensis in making textiles and even paper. They are used to and the northern cattail, weave the seats for chairs. Small mammals, rodents Typha latifolia. They and birds all use the parts of this plant for nest build- are monoecious, with the Typha latifolia ing and the flowers for food. The flowers can be male and female on the eaten by man too, and they have healing properties, same plant – another attribute for prolific and felici- everything from stifling wounds to stopping attacks tous growth. You can tell the two apart because the of diarrhea. They can stuff a pretty nice pillow too. flower of the southern cattail has a division on the Native American tribes knew all about these proper- stalk that separates the male and female flowers, ties. while in Typha latifolia, the male and female flowers are as one; but with both, the flowers, which consist This plant is aquatic – its stems are arenchymous - of a pair of stamens and hairs, are at the top while meaning they have open cells filled with air and the main body of the “corndog” is the female flow- gases which allow them to be buoyant in water. ers. Typha domingensis tends to grow taller than T. Man has used them as snorkels. The cross section of latifolia as well. Here, in Volusia County, both spe- a stem under the microscope resem- cies can often be found growing together. bles beautiful fractal patterns with round and oval designs. Pictures of Species of cattails are found all over the world. them would be great for a coloring There is even conjecture that the baby Moses was book or even a work of art. Being hidden in his little basket (maybe of cattail leaves) arenchymous, they filter pollutants amongst a colony of cattails. But today, modern from water – a good thing. They can man is not as happy as the cattails are. Perhaps it’s Typha latifolia be converted into ethanol too, and are because man has forgotten about all their many at- considered a bioenergy source. tributes, or because his diet and mode of living have changed. Perhaps it’s because the cattails (all unwit- These plants are easy to grow. All they need are wa- tingly of course) ter and sunshine. They germinate in wet mud, acid compete with or alkaline, and the seeds can survive for a long other plants and time. A myriad number of seeds blow along in cot- effortlessly win or tony masses with the wind, and not only that, but that they don’t once sprouted in a suitable place their rhizomes take wish to give up hold and the plant thrives and forms happy colonies. their muddy turf They are part of a very important order, the Poales, Typha domingensis and man has to which includes the grasses, sedges and bromeliads. resort to mowing There are 16 families in the order-- and now we or burning, of course, that’s another story... come to the Family of the plant being touted--- it’s 3 Master Gardener Vision Statement To be the most trusted resource for horticultural education in Florida Master Gardener Program Mission Statement To assist extension agents in providing research based horticultural education to Florida residents. We Get Calls Jean Porter Master Gardener Q: Can we graft our orange trees that are not looking so well.
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