Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis The Thriller Genre In 's Novel Angels And Demons

Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of English

ABSTRACT Thriller is a genre of fiction in which heroes are pitted against villains determined to destroy them, their country, or the stability of the world. This genre is often associated with adventure and detective fiction. Thriller genre uses suspense, tension, and excitement as their main elements. It is mostly characterized by an atmosphere of menace, violence, and murder. This genre includes sub-genres, which may include elements of other genres. A wide ranging conspiracy involving governments, terrorists or secret brotherhood is also what makes a good thriller. Dan Brown is not a new- comer to this genre. Each of his novels includes intricate plots, and intriguing conspiracy theories with breathless, edge of the seat action. Brown's novels introduces collection of codes, puzzles, anagrams, ambigrams, and messages hidden in famous scientific discoveries and Art works, as new thrilling devices.

CHAPTER ONE rest of the world become, Dan Brown's Life and Work by definition, outsiders. Dan Brown is a well-known What goes on within its American writer of thriller. He was wall is largely unknown born on June 22, 1964, the eldest of and unnoticed by the three children. He grew up in the outsiders, and the insiders campus of in like to keep it that way.1 . His father Richard, a The Brown family was active on teacher and co-author of a series of campus, and Richard and Connie mathematics textbooks that became encouraged their children to balance recommended in the United States, educational pursuits and physical joined this faculty and brought his wife activity every day. "I grew up in a who had been trained as a church house-hold where riddles and codes organist and student of sacred music, were just part of the way we had fun," with him, two years before Dan was said Dan Brown, "I also grew up in a born. Brown became a student at the house of mathematics, music, language, Academy, which is, according to Lisa codes and ciphers really are the fusion Rogak, of all those languages."2 He adds "in our a secret society all its own, childhood on Christmas morning where where new students quickly most kids would find their presents learn that the culture is under the tree, my siblings and I might steeped in an Us versus find a treasure map with codes that we Them mentality. The would follow from room to room and students and faculty are eventually find our presents hidden insiders and people in the somewhere else in the house."3 Later, he

17 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons fueled his novels with treasure hunts, from the Egyptians to arguing that "the cracking of the codes Jackson Pollock. The is what accelerates the readers through professor‟s slide the pages."4 presentations included Lisa Rogak states that one of images ranging from the Phillips Exeter‟s aims is to create pyramids, religious icons, students who are well-rounded by renaissance painting and introducing each student to as many sculpture, all the way different disciplines and topics as through to the pop artists possible across science, arts, literature, of modern times. This and sports. She sees that Brown took course opened my eyes to this lesson to heart, "which later became the concept of art as evident in the numerous disciplines he 'communication' between incorporated into his novels-was that the artist and viewer. The best thing to aim for in life was to artist‟s language, I learned, become a Renaissance man."5 D. M. was often symbolism and Brown adds metaphor…. The course Exeter Academy is the was a chronology of art home of the Harkness history, and I took a method, a style of teaching specific interest in the named for philanthropist renaissance masters of Edward Harkness. Classes Bernini, Michelangelo, are quite small…, and Raphael, and Leonardo instruction consists of open DaVinci which are loaded discussion between teacher with hidden symbolic and students while seated meaning.7 around a table…. One can In an interview with Dan Brown, easily imagine how this the interviewer asked him "What was style of teaching encourages the book that most influenced your students to challenge life?" Dan replied that it was Madeleine accepted ideas. Perhaps L‟ Engle‟s classic, A Wrinkle Time. "Her these classrooms mesmerizing concept of tesseracts got discussions marked the me thinking of our universe in a beginning of Dan's free- multidimensional way."8 The second thinking, unconventional book was Sydney Sheldon‟s Doomsday style.6 Conspiracy. He commented "I read the In 1985, while he was a student at first page… And then the next… And , he spent the school then the next. Several hours later, I year abroad in , , where he finished the book and thought, I can do joined art history course at the that. Thus inspired to become a writer University of Seville. Brown comments of thrillers."9 For Brown, writing is a on this experience discipline, much like playing musical this art course covered the instrument. He explains the way his entire history of World Art- novels were written

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 18 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis I have followed a very conflict between science and religion. similar approach in The novel adapted the historical fact researching and then that the Illuminati, "a powerful and writing each of my four, mysterious brotherhood – long thought novels. The first step is to to be defunct – that is bent on the select a theme that I find destruction of the "12 is particularly intriguing, this still active. One important aspect of this is generally the "big idea." novel is the employment of the art of Therefore I choose a ambigrams13 and bring it to public subject which is not black attention. and white, but rather Angels and Demons, is followed by contains a gray area. The Brown‟s scientific thriller Deception ideal topic has no clear Point (2001). Brown‟s fascination with right and wrong, no intricate science serves him well in this definite good and evil, and novel. D. M. Brown sees that "although makes for great debate. I Dan had delved into the keep myself interested by and religion for Angels and Demons, the writing about things that background of was interest me. For me, the purely political and scientific… It's a "must have" themes fast read, and every bit as thrilling as include codes, puzzles and Dan's other books… It lacks, however, treasure hunts, secretive the warmth and historical context of the organizations, and Langdon novels."14 Lisa Rogak academic lectures on illustrates that Deception Point like obscure topics.10 Brown's two earlier novels Found that much of the data on would revolve around a the National Security Agency was secret society: NASA. And unclassified and in the public domain, like the Vatican, the feature Brown did all the research and organization in Angels and background reading for his first novel Demons, NASA is one of the (1989), a thriller in most covert secret societies which the hero finds himself on the run in the world, while also one through a landscape of ancient Moorish of the most public. "For towers, and the cathedral of Seville in an me, writing about attempt to find out where the clandestine material keeps unbreakable code is hidden and what me engaged in the project," that secret formula is? The novel brings he said. "Because a novel the art of cryptography11 to public can take upwards of a year attention. to write, I need to be Subsequently, Brown started with constantly learning as I his first story, Angels write, or I lose interest."15 and Demons (2000), a "page-turner" Then comes his religiously thriller which deals with the idea of the oriented thriller novel, The Da Vinci

19 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons Code (2003). In an interview, Brown was motivates me to try to give the reader asked "the sell line for your book that same experience."19 mentions a greatest conspiracy of the "I think," Brown comments "one past 2000 years, what is this reason my books have found conspiracy?" Brown‟s answer was: "Art mainstream success is that they are historians agree that Da Vinci‟s written from a skeptic point of view."20 paintings contain hidden levels of One of Dan Brown's greatest meaning that go well beneath the accomplishment as a writer is his surface of the paint. This idea excited uncanny ability to blur the line between me as a potential device. The Da Vinci fact and fiction, leaving his readers Code has taken a lot of this information perplexed whether what they read is fact and put it forward in a different genre- or fiction. John Helfers sees that "the that of a work of fiction-a thriller."16 author turns reality on its head so In 2009, Brown‟s third Robert plausibly and so challengingly that it Langdon story was published under the becomes impossible to finish a Dan title . After being in Brown novel and not start a quest to Rome, then in Paris, Langdon finds find the truth behind the fiction."21 himself this time in a mystery on the Time Magazine named him one of the United States Soil. Dan comments "the one hundred most influential people in next Robert Langdon novel… is set deep the world. Taylor illustrates "Why dose within the oldest fraternity in history… Dan Brown base the plots of his novels the enigmatic brotherhood of the on these often controversial books? Mason."17 Probably because 'alternative history' Thinking that people enjoy books offer the reader the thrill of questing, especially trying to stay a step subversive revelation: „they didn‟t teach ahead of the protagonist by deciphering this in school‟ factor."22 For example, the clues along the way, Brown loaded his novel plays fast his thrillers with puzzles, secret, codes, and loose with history, posing puzzling treasure hunts. He states "in each of my riddles while challenging beliefs in the books, the treasure hunt is an object in canon of Scripture, the Church, and Digital Fortress it is a gold ring; in Christianity. This boldness to deal with Angels and Demons, it is antimatter, in controversial issues leads the The Da Vinci Code, it is the Holy interviewer James kaplan to ask Brown, Grail."18 "Are you religious?" Brown‟s answer Thus by blending tantalizing bits was: of information as art, science, and I was raised Episcopalian, religion into provocative puzzles, Brown and I was very religious as pulls readers into the plots of his novels, a kid. Then in eighth or making them partners in the hero ninth grade I studied discoveries and danger as he says astronomy, cosmology, and "researching and writing about the origins of the universe. I secretive topics helps remind me how remember saying to a fun it is to spy into unseen worlds, and it minster, I don‟t get it. I read a book that said there

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 20 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis was an explosion known as adventure, they will find something to the Big Bang, but here it satisfy them. Saricks argues that Dan says God created Heaven Brown popularized this art of "genre- and Earth and the animals crossing tendencies."27 It is actually this in seven days, which is approach which is the most convenient right? Unfortunately, the to approach and analyze the kind of response I got was, Nice thriller written by Dan Brown since it boys don‟t ask that consists of a metagenre of such sub- question. A light went off, genres with unique elements contributed and I said the Bible does by Brown himself. This is what enabled not make sense. Science him to hook the readers. makes much more sense to CHAPTER TWO me. And I just gravitated ANGELS AND DEMONS away from religion.23 Angels and Demons (2002) is Dan This accident is what makes Brown's '' first Robert Langdon page Brown intend to write his novels in a turner thriller novel''28 which involves a way that makes readers question their conspiracy within the Catholic Church. beliefs and open their eyes to religion, Dan Brown writes about ideas and adopting Napoleon Bonaparte's word‟s, institutions that have been a fascinating "what is history, but a fable agreed subject for people around the world. It upon?" And ‟s words takes readers where only conspiracy "many have made a trade of delusions theorists and most paranoid Christians and false miracles, deceiving the stupid usually travel . Angels and Demons is a multitude." "Blinding ignorance does mix of fact and faction that raises mislead us, O! wretched mortals, open important questions about the structure your eyes."24 He also offers glimpse into of internal governance and the papal realms of knowledge that most readers election process of the Roman Catholic know little or nothing about, and his Church. 29 The book centers on the story lines entice readers with wealth of historical conflict between science and fascinating details. religion, particularly that between the Much criticism centers on Illuminati and the Roman Catholic Brown‟s claim that all his novels are Church.30 In an interview with Dan based on fact and that all the description Brown he declared that the story of of art work, architecture, documents Angels and Demons was derived from a and secret rituals in the novels are visit to the accurate.25 In an interview with Matt I was beneath Vatican City Lauer on the Today Show in September touring a tunnel called il- 2009, Brown says "I do something very passetto- a concealed international and specific in these books. passage was used by the And that is to blend fact and fiction in a early Pope to escape in very modern and efficient style, to tell a event of enemy attack. story."26 Thus whether readers enjoy According to the scholar art, politics, science, conspiracies or giving the tour, one of the

21 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons Vatican most feared and the church, focusing on Brown's ancient enemies was a claim that he spent years researching secret brotherhood known the book and fills its pages with as Illuminati – a cult of extraordinary information. In the early Scientists who had author's note to the novel, Brown vowed revenge against the assures readers that "references to all Vatican for crimes against works of art, tombs, tunnels, and scientists like Galileo and architecture in Rome are entirely Copernicus. I was factual as are their exact locations, they fascinated by images of this can still be seen today. The brotherhood cloaked, anti-religious of the Illuminati is also factual." (Angels brotherhood lurking in the and Demons: Author's Note) This proves cata-combs of Rome. Then, that Dan Brown delights in daring to when the scholar added obscure the traditional boundaries of that many modern fiction and the real world in order to get historians believe the his readers question their beliefs and ask illuminati is still active them to open their eyes to religion.36 today and is one of the most Brown said that "my goal is always to powerful unseen forces in make the characters and the plot be so global politics. 31 engaging that the readers don't realize Brown presumed that ''I knew I how much they are learning along the was hooked. I had to write an Illuminati way."37 That is why Erin Miller thriller."32 Yet, despite the fact that the considered Dan Brown's novels as Illuminati founded in Bavaria (1776) ''Educational Thriller," she said "You was real, yet Brown uses a "fictional give me an exciting page turner of a imagined Illuminati history to read ,and made me feel like I am dramatize the real threat posed to the learning something."38 Church by Enlightment ideas in the The novel begins with a prologue seventeen century."33 To do so he mixes exhibiting a crime. Robert Langdon is the conspiracy of this secret society with awakened by a phone call from artwork, ancient history, architecture, Maximilian Kohler, director of CERN, symbolism, collection of fascinating telling him that one of the prominent information about science and religion, scientists of CERN has been killed in a puzzles and codes which sometimes he brutal way. Langdon flies to Geneva as explains and sometimes does not.34 soon as he received a fax of an image of Among the aspects of Angels and a naked murdered man lying on his Demons, which especially intrigued back with a gouged eye and his chest is readers is Brown's ability to present branded with a mysterious symbol, fiction that can be read as fact and that which Langdon directly recognized as promises to unlock the secrets of the history of the universe.35 The novel also raises a lot of sensitive issues that relate to religion. That is why the novel has been severely criticized by the media

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 22 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis the history of science and 39 religion. Creationism, Vittoria declared. The battle over how the universe came to be. The Bible of course, state that God created the universe,…

God said, 'Let there be Langdon is shocked to find proof that light,' and everything we the legendary secret society, the see appeared out of vast illuminati, is alive and murderously emptiness. Unfortunately, active. Then after getting a brief tour at one of the fundamental CERN and at the scene of the crime, laws of physics states that Langdon and Kohler meet Vittoria matter cannot be created Vetra asking her about the supposed out of nothing. When reasons that may cause her father, Lemaître first proposed the Leonardo Vetra, to be killed in this way. Big Bang Theory,” Vittoria Vittoria who is also a brilliant physicist continued, “scientists at CERN, gives them a lecture about claimed it was utterly hers and her father's private experiment ridiculous. Matter, science to initiate a and said, could not be created create in three vials or canisters, the out of nothing. So, when barely visible but extremely destructive Hubble shocked the world antimatter. The goal of this experiment by scientifically proving the is to rectify science with religion, since Big Bang was accurate, the the two sources of church claimed victory, knowledge are portrayed as heralding this as proof that being complimentary – two the Bible was scientifically paths to a common end. By accurate. The divine truth.” gathering hard scientific “My dad used to wave that evidence that proved the in my face every time I had 'Big Bang theory'40 which doubts.” Langdon read the was first proposed by a message: SCIENCE AND catholic monk Georges RELIGION ARE NOT AT Lemaitre in 1927. Vittoria ODDS. SCIENCE IS paused, as though SIMPLY TOO YOUNG TO uncertain how to speak the UNDE RSTAND. “My dad next words my father wanted to bring science to a created a universe… from higher level,” Vittoria said, nothing at all. He devised “where science supported an experiment, one he the concept of God.” “He hoped would settle one of set out to do something no the most bitter conflicts in scientist had ever thought

23 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons to do. Something that no Middle Eastern. The Hassassin, who one has ever had the considered himself descended from technology to do.” She notorious group of Arab killers who paused, as though sought revenge for the deaths of uncertain how to speak the Muslims at the time of Crusades,41 next words. “He designed The church had made some an experiment to prove deadly enemies through the Genesis was possible.” “My years – the Hassassin, the father created a universe... Knight Templar, armies from nothing at all.” She that had been either hunted added that the storage by the Vatican or betrayed room of their private lab by them.. “What are you contains larger amount of saying?” Langdon asked. antimatter in a separate “That you are going to canister, which lately found brand and kill these men in missing!! (Angels and public?” “Very good. Of Demons: p. 60) course the press will enjoy From there the story speeds up. it too, I imagine.” We move Receiving a mysterious phone call, among your Swiss Guard Kohler directed Langdon and Vittoria like ghosts, remove four of to Roma where they discovered that the your cardinals from within Catholic Church is mourning the death your walls, plan a deadly of the current Pope and that the most explosive at the heart of powerful cardinals of the world are your most sacred shrine… holding the scared ceremony of As the killings occur and conclave. In time where Vetra's the victims are found, the antimatter disappeared only to be media will swarm. By hidden somewhere beneath the Vatican midnight the world will City on the eve of the election of a new know the Illuminati cause. Pope. Thus, the entire power structure Then he commented that of the Roman Catholic Church is sitting there is no blackmail. We on a time bomb. have no demands. The A moment later, the phone on abolition of the Vatican Camerlengo Ventresca's desk began to City is nonnegotiable. We ring. Ventresca, an orphan rescued by have waited four hundred the late Pope, who had treated him like years for this day. At a son, asks the phone caller "who in the midnight, your city will be name of God do you think you are?… destroyed. (Angels and The voice announced in an alien cadence Demons: pp.128–32) "I am a messenger of an ancient With the meager help of the Swiss brotherhood you have wronged for Guard, Robert Langdon and Vittoria centuries. I am a messenger of Vetra have to follow a 400 years old Illuminati." (Angels and Demons: p.128) path made by Galileo Galilei, one of the Langdon recognized his accent as most famous scientists of the Illuminati,

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 24 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis through Rome, trying to track down the they look like two atomic particles, that conspiracy of old secret brotherhood come smashing into each other as the who apparently is to blame for story progress within its twenty-four everything. They must find the canister hours time clock. before it is too late, or the center of The book starts with the author's Christianity will perish. Together they note which exposures of what is to come. embark on a frantic hunt through sealed The claim that all references to work of crypts, dangerous catacombs, deserted art, tombs, tunnels and architecture are cathedrals, and the most secretive vault factual lends an authentic background on earth. to the story46 and prepares readers that The physical aspects of the setting "certain agenda is to be presented."47 of the book such as works of art, church Mark Shea says that "True, Angels and architecture, fountains, statues make Demons is just a novel, but it gives the readers familiar with works of Italian impression that its contents are based on renaissance men. Those works include serious research."48 the secrets writings and records of With the prologue of the brutal Galileo and the history of religious murder of the brilliant scientist conflicts within the Vatican."There is a Leonardo Vetra, the readers are thrown lot of peripheral information that acts into the middle of the location ,a death not only as a backdrop but also becomes scene which later proved to be the most an integral part of the complex twists of important incidents of the story around the story."42 K. S. Carter points out that it Brown skillfully weaves together the despite the fact that the novel takes familiar and mysterious into a thriller.49 place in modern-day Rome, but the From there on the story is shortly told history of the city is living very much cinematically as it is interrupted from hand-in-hand with the present and that time to time by flashbacks and "ranking Dan Brown weaves them together rapidly back and forward over the span seamlessly for an adrenaline rush and of action"50 to "perceive the interesting history lesson rolled into one.43 In his effects that could be obtained by book Rome: City Guide, Abigail Hole deviating chronological order."51 This said that "on this rich stage, Dan 'time-shift' makes the story loaded with Brown's novel Angels and Demons mysteries, leaving each chapter unfolds."44 Thus, Brown creates a suspended with cliffhanger and fictional story in an historical setting. questions that came every moment to The storyline uses the metaphor of keep the readers wried right up until the two different Cathedrals: The European final revelation. Since the novel is Council for Nuclear Research (known written in a third-person omniscient by its acronymy, CERN), is the point of view, so this gives Brown a 'Cathedral of Science'. Whereas St. great deal of flexibility to shift focus Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is the from chapter to chapter and from 'Cathedral of Religion'.45 Dan Burstein character to character, allowing readers suggested that CERN and the Vatican to see what multiple characters are City are two different churches and that doing at relatively the same time, and to

25 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons "make connections of causality and never seems to end. E.M. forester irony between widely separated considers the "element of surprise or events."52 For example ,one chapter mystery- the detective element…. is of might focus on the Hassassin and his great importance in a plot."57 Brown actions while another might focus on fully awares that the hard part of Langdon and Vittoria. writing a novel is not the ideas but Despite the fact that Brown mixes rather the nuts and bolts of the plot and the use of the chronological order with language and how making it work. He that of 'flashbacks' and 'flash wards' considers the efficiency of words is the and sometimes with parallel events in way an author respects his reader's narrating the story, yet he allows time, so he works hard to trim the novel readers to make connections of causality heavily while he is writing.58 The between widely separated events. Thus, language is descriptive and the dialogue by this non-liner structure, he is able to is presented in a lecture mode and keep readers updated on what's going doling out information slowly. E.M on in different places. This varies the forester states that "it is the function of mood of the novel and makes it "rise the novelist to reveal the hidden life."59 until it falls, then retreats back, and So it is obvious to see how Brown uses a right as readers think that the novel is lot of Robert Langdon‟s thought as well over, the mood rises again until falling as other characters' thoughts and writes drops."53 Which makes the novel to be a what persons are thinking more than long series of puzzles and codes that what they are saying, this helps the when deciphered lead one after another reader know the personality and past of toward the final solution. As Thomas each character. Once Brown points out Beyer puts it "the place where all will be that "in choosing what characters to revealed."54 include in a novel, I select characters As for the other elements of the who have sets of skills that help more book, the plot is what the book is about, the plot along and also permit me to and everything else serves it. Brown introduce information. Robert Langdon states that in Angels and Demons, he is a symbologist and art historian…. a compresses the plot and the actions to character who helps decipher clues and intensify the pace of the read and that in teaches the readers."60 Sharveen Coils order to arouse the reader‟s curiosity, argues that in Angels and Demons, the he tends to end every chapter with a characters are thoroughly fleshed out 'cliff-hanger' to compel the reader to with their own unique personality and turn the page.55 Dan Burstein argues emotional drives that keep them focused that the plot of the novel "moves from on their goals.61 Although driven by one stunning secret to another, from one varying motivations, but many of the coded message to the next, from an characters in the novel exhibit a fierce ancient conspiracy to a modern one"56 loyalty toward something and are makes the real world seems mysterious willing to do anything for the object of and invokes the adventurous side in the their devotion. The great example for reader by presenting a complex plot this theme of devotion lies in the filled with mystery and suspense that character of the Camerlengo. He

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 26 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis masterminds the whole situation, Angels and Demons -a believing that he is doing God's will. science VS. religion thriller Another example is that of Leonardo set within a Swiss physics Vetra and his daughter and how they laboratory and Vatican worked hard to keep the secrecy of their City. The grey area that experiment. interested me was the Dan Brown does not limit himself ongoing battle between to a single genre but he takes readers science and religion, and beyond genre boundaries. He tends to the faint hope of bake his novel with group of genres that reconciliation between the share an appeal. Dave Franklin states two.64 that despite the fact that one side of the David Glover argues that "the novel based on revealing hidden truths, thriller was and still is to a large extent and the other is total fiction, yet what marked by the way in which it remained is that Angels and Demons is a persistently seek to raise the stakes of reasonable thriller set with a backdrop the narrative, heightening or of mystery, adventure and full of exaggerating the experience of events by suspense, conspiracy, secret societies transforming them into a rising curve of and new scientific discoveries that will danger, violence or, shock."65 This can change the world.62 Thus, it is obvious in be seen clearly in the novel. Cyril Wecht the novel that mystery is backed with points out that death plays a major role crime, run through rogue‟s gallery of in Angels and Demons, and it comes in suspects, introduces an idiosyncratic fairly gruesome forms.66 His opinion detective as he works around police, end matches that of James Carlisle and with brilliant explanation and unveiling Jennifer Carlisle who say that "Brown of the killer, who is always the last has provided enough mayhem in his person readers would have suspected.63 twenty-four-hour day to keep crime Although some writers depict 'softer- labs, and investigators very busy. A edged' suspense which focuses on drugged Pope, horrifying deaths by descriptions of characters and others branding iron, midair explosion, and depict 'hard-edged' suspense features most gruesome of all the murder of gritty depiction of crime scene but Leonardo Vetra by Hassassin."67 Brown depicts both. All these subgenres Thus the novel features multiple are weaved together with one frame- ritualistic crimes by the murderer who work that of the relation of science and believes himself to be connected to the religion. Brown states that master of the Illuminati, "and his calling books on science and card is a series of cattle-style brands religion ,including The God created in the form of six ambigrams,"68 particle (DD.47), The Tao of one for each of the four elements of Physics, The Physics of science (air, fire, water, and earth), one Immortality, The Quark and for the name of Illuminati, and the sixth Jaguar, and others… This an enigmatic unnamed symbol that is how I ended up writing appears as the mystery un raveled.

27 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons In their book The Gospel for revealing scientific According to Dan Brown, Jeff Dunn and truths. Religion has always Craig Bubeck said that "we enter to persecuted science. yes. But Angels and Demons‟s complex labyrinth in 1500s, a group of men in of intrigue and conspiracy by way of a Rome fought back against horrific and bizarre murder,"69 that of the church… began the use of the prologue where the action meeting secretly to share begins early, sets up danger and leaves their concerns about the the readers anticipating the final church‟s inaccurate confrontation. This procedure is a teachings. They feared that distinctive style of suspense genre.70 In the church‟s monopoly on Angels and Demons, the murders begins 'truth' threatened academic with that of the first victim Leonardo enlightment around the Vetra whose death scene is exhibited in world. They founded the the following prologue: "Physicist world‟s first scientific think Leonardo Vetra smelted burning flesh, tank, calling themselves the and he knew it was his own… He stared enlighted ones. The up in terror at the dark figure looming Illuminati yes, Langdon over him. What do you want? The said European‟s most password But…. I don‟t The intruder learned minds… dedicated pressed down again, grinding the white to the quest for scientific hot object deeper into Vetra's chest. For truth. Kohler fell silent the love of God Vetra screamed. But it Only through rites of was too late." (Angels and Demons: p.24) extreme secrecy did the Soon, Kohler requests his assistance to scientists remain safe… uncover the creative murder, and to The scientists met regularly unveil the interpretation of that symbol, in Rome at an ultra secret which becomes a piece of puzzle that lair they called the church must be solved in a race against time as of Illumination. (Angels soon as Langdon becomes sure that the And Demons: pp. 27-8) symbol appears to be authentic, and that Such information creates a great after centuries of silence, and long sense of suspense as it raises the thought to be defund, the Illuminati question how would the Illuminati kills a seems to have resurfaced again. fellow scientist? A question leaves So who are the Illuminati? Langdon puzzled and unable to give Kohler demanded. since the Kohler any accurate interpretation beginning of the history, rather than "even the Illuminati were Langdon explained. a deep still active today, which I am virtually rift has existed between positive they are not, they would never science and religion. be involved in Leonardo‟s death… Outspoken scientist like There is no way they would have Copernicus were murdered murdered a fellow scientist like Vetra. Kohler interjected. Kohler's eyes turned to ice and told Murdered by the church Langdon When you see Vetra's study

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 28 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis room, you will understand things idea. It was Nicolas Copernicus who differently."(Angels and Demons: pp.35- posed this theory in 1543. But this 6) What this study room reveals is theory is rejected by the Catholic totally unexpected. Vetra was both a Church which preferred to believe that scientist as well as a priest. So if he the earth was the center of the universe comes to be both ,a scientist who is and considered the Copernicus system impossible to be killed by his fellow and all those who adapted it will be dealt scientists of the Illuminati, and a priest with as heretics.74 But Galileo did not who is respectively esteemed by the confirm himself to their rules and church, so who would kill him? This opinions. He held that ambiguity will keep the question of “whodunit?ˮ running for most of the Science and Religion were novel, leaving readers captivated to turn not enemies, but rather pages and kept buzy-minded along with allies… two different Langdon to solve this puzzle. Starting languages telling the same with Galileo‟s clash with the church and story, a story of symmetry ending with a modern day war between and balance… Both Science religious people and physicists, "Dan and Religion rejoiced in Brown makes the tussle between science God‟s symmetry… the and religion ooze from almost every endless contest of light and page of his thriller."71 He sets it within dark. Unfortunately, Swiss physics lab and the Vatican city Langdon added, the and uses familiar historical figures as unification of science and pillars, like Galileo, Bernini whom religion was not what the Brown assumed helped found the church wanted, since it Illuminati. Brown depicts Galileo as a would have nullified the revengeful, scientific zeolot aids and church's claim that it is the abets the conspiratorial society of only vehicle that leads to Illuminati. Such issue serves as glue for God. (Angels and Demons: conspiracy theories and for Brown‟s p.29) thriller. Thus, the church accused him of Brown bases the plot of the novel heresy and called him to Rome in 1633 on the premise that the Catholic Church to face the inquisition for questing papal condemned Galileo for promoting authority and scientific belief. In his Copernicus‟s theory that the universe book A new look at the Epic was heliocentric. That is why he is Confrontation between Galileo and the "arrested and end almost executed by Church, Wade Ronald considers that the church for proclaiming that the sun, "Galileo's insistence that nature holds not the earth, was the center of the the secrets of the universe and that universe,"72 which imply that "God had science and mathematics alone could placed mankind somewhere other than unravel them is what made the church at the center of his universe.73 Thus, does not accept such radical challenge to Galileo was not the first to assert this its authority."75

29 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons Brown uses Galileo‟s and the turned detective. Mark Shea proposes Illuminati‟s clash with the church to that it is Langdon‟s curiosity to open up pave the way for presenting a modern secrets long forgotten that leads him to clash between science and religion. Holy do such quest.80 Although they do not wars were still making headlines. My know what kind of obstacles and danger God is better than your God. It seemed they will meet along the way, Langdon there was always close correlation and Vittoria make their way to the between true believers and high body Vatican City, where the Pope who "has counts. (Angels and Demons: p.33) Lee always had an affection for the Wimberley advocates this idea when he sciences,"(Angels and Demons: p.457) says "in Brown‟s thriller as with has recently died under mysterious Galileo‟s discoveries, “the God Particle” circumstances, and the conclave to elect threatens the church since the discovery a new Pope has just begun. It is obvious might begin to bridge the gap between that Dan Brown wedded plots when he science and religion. It leaves the church throws the process of papal election into struggle to answer the question what the storyline which creates intolerable role dose the church play if science situation that might be ended in violence explains creation?"76 In the novel, which is one of the elements of the Brown exhibits how the church agonizes outline of crime thriller as danger and its defeat in the face of science‟s threat of death around every turn advances. Concerning this debatable because of that bomb ticking somewhere issue, the claims of the church came as under the Vatican weaved together with the following "since the days of Galileo, the process of kidnapping the Senior the church has tried to show the Cardinals whom are threatened to be relentless of science, sometimes with murdered one by one. This makes the misguided means, but always with stakes as serious as the church has ever benevolent intention." (Angels and faced. Demons: p.441) Since "mystery is an integral part One of the primary elements of of the thriller"81 so that Brown makes thriller genre is that the protagonist is the major appeal of the novel is its set on a quest of "treasure hunting construction of profound mysteries, mission."77 Brown says "Angels and remarkably those lead to the murder of Demons builds on the writing device Leonardo Vetra as well as the treasure hunts. Langdon as a consequence murders of the four teacher/symbologist and art historian cardinals which require the efforts of satisfies dual prerequisites for main detective Langdon to retrace the hero-that of being a credible teacher and criminal's path to expose the reasons of also of being knowledgeable enough to the crime that instigated the narrative decipher the clues in [an] artistic and to decode a complex puzzle related treasure hunt I create."78 This means to Illuminati. that despite the fact that Langdon and According to the fact that thrillers Vittoria "are not professional detectives need a conspiracy and hero "whose who have been specially trained in presence, or stature, is credible, and a detecting technique,"79 yet they are conspiracy that appears to pose a real

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 30 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis threat,"82 Dan Brown puts his reader's pleasure derives from what is protagonist Robert Langdon in a chase presented as the unpredictable,"86 to uncover a conspiracy attempting to therefore, it is clear how Dan Brown bring science and religion into fight. The surprises readers, at the end of his novel emphasis on action and suspense. thriller, that he is not beyond igniting The tension is furthered by Brown's use the wick of the battle between science “cliff hanging” technique. Jerry Palmer and religion. Instead he is after sees that "for the appreciative reader revealing the hypocrisy of Roman this suspense is certainly not dependent Catholic Cleric. Victoria Nelson points upon uncertain outcome, since he will out that "Angels and Demons (2000) read and re-read the book which belongs more closely to the classic Monk continued enjoyment"83 Thomas Beyer Lewis Gothic tradition of the Luciferian states that "Dan Brown's new novel is rise and fall off a supremely ambitious, an attempt to find a way to reconcile the power-mad Roman Catholic cleric."87 gap between science and religion, Therefore, at the end of the thriller, the between the world that we perceive conspiracy is averted, and the world through our senses and the world of the returns to normal. Brown states that Spirit or beyond our vision or touch. "this is how I ended up writing Angels What many may call the New World and Demons-a science vs. religion Order, a new revelation or thriller."88 enlightenment, is in fact as old as CONCLUSION recorded history itself."84 Dan Brown's Angels and Demons Brown explains his attitude is a thriller presented as historical novel concerning writing this novel, he says which make people see history in a new that he grew up surrounded by the way. This novel is fiction, yet it seek to paradoxical philosophies of science and convince readers that it is based on facts religion, from an agnostic according to the lists of resources mathematician father, and religious mentioned in the text. Angels and church musician mother. This makes Demons is a combination of crime, him had a hard time to reconcile the mystery, conspiracy, and religion. It is two. But "at college, I completed a code breaking thriller which is full of cosmology course that included a section puzzles and riddles. What Brown has on Copernicus, Brunu, Galileo, and the accomplished is that he weaves all those Vatican Inquisition against science. elements to present an ancient belief Science and religion was a very large system into a modern – day story. He part of my life from grade school all the mixes sub-genres together to serve both way through college, and I wanted to the issues he tackles and the story line as make them harmonious on a personal well as introducing what is described as level."85 genre-crossing tendencies. Palmer argues that "there can be The originality of Dan Brown's no question that the thriller portrays plots, his extensive research, and his event as un expected, even un ability to catch reader's imagination and expectable, and that much of the interest from the start point of each

31 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons novel until the last words of it, is what Brown's Bestselling Novel (New York: Fall make him an exceptional writer. Angels and Demons introduces a quest for River Press, 2003), p.13). 14. D. M. Brown, p.35. reconciling science and religion away 15. Rogak, p.77. from the restricted rules adopted by the 16. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p.23. strict priests. Brown believes that this 17. Greg Taylor, The Guide to Dan Brown's procedure offers people a proper chance The Solomon Key (United States of America: De Vorss & Company, 2005), p.7. to understand the divine. 18. NOTES “”. Many today the Holy Grail to be the cup used by Jesus and his 1. Lisa Rogak, The Man Behind The Da disciples during the Last Supper; some also Vinci Code: The Unauthorized Biography believe Joseph of Arimathea held the cup to (United States: Andrews McMeel Publishing, catch the blood from Jesus' side as he died. 2005) , p.6. (James L. Garlow, Timothy Paul Jones, and 2. Ibid., 7 April Williams, The Da Vinci Code, Breaker 3. (United States of America: Bethany Hose, Dan Brown Witness Statement in The Da Vinci Code Case, 2006), p.105). 19. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p.15. http://www.timeonline.co.uk/areticle.gtml. 20. 4. Rogak, p.76. Ibid. 21. 5. Helfers, p.10. Rogak, p.11. 22. 6. Taylor, p.21. D. M. Brown, Dan Brown's Road to 23. Success: An Unauthorized Biography of the Dan Brown, interview by Kaplan Creator of The Da Vince Code (USA: James, http://www.true free thinker.com, September, 13, 2009. Lexington, KY,2005), pp.20-1. 24. 7. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p.2. Da Vince's Note Book on Polemics and 8. Rogak, p.8. Speculation. 9. D. M. Brown, p.29. Cited in 10. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p.6. Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code (United 11. States of America: Anchor Books, 2003), p.250. “Cryptography” is the discipline of 25. Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code (United studying encrypted text. Encryption is the States of America: Anchor Books, 2003). process through a readable text is transformed 26. Dan Brown, interview by Matt Laure, into a code that conceals its meaning. James L. Today Show, September, 2009. Garlow, Timothy Paul Jones, and April 27. Saricks, p.81. Williams, The Da Vinci Code Breaker (United 28. Simon Cox, Decooling the Lost States of America: Bethany House, 2006), p.64. Symbol: The Unauthorized Guide to the Fact 12. Simon Cox, The Dan Brown Behind the Fiction (New York: Touchstone, Companion: The Truth Behind the Fiction: With 2009), p. ix. a gazetteer to the People and Places Featured in 29. Dan Burstein, ed. Secrets of Angels the Robert Langdon Novels (Great Britain: and Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to the Mainstrean Publishing Company, 2006), p.139. Bestselling Novel (United States of America: 13. “Art of Ambigram” is a word or words CDS Books, 2004), p.4. that can be read in more than one way or from 30. Eric Plume, The Catholic Church and more than a single vantage point, such as both American Culture: Why Claims of Dan Brown right side up and upside down. The word is Strike a Chord (Chicago: University of derived from the Latin: ambi meaning „both‟ Scranton Press, 2009), p.xxi. and gram meaning „letter‟. (Simon Cox, 31. A Conversation with Dan Brown, Illuminating Angels and Demons: The bookbrows, 2001, available at Unauthorized Guide to the Facts Behind Da http://www.bookbrows.com. 32. Ibid. 7 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 32 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis

33. Amy D. Bernsteir, “Angels and created some 10-20 billion years ago from the Demons and the Next Pope,” in Secrets of cosmic explosion of the first atom, with matter Angels and Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to hurled in all directions and vast a month of the Bestselling Novel, ed. Dan Burstein (United energy being unleashed. (Cox, p.26). 41. States of America: CDS Books, 2004), p.26. Cox, p.75. 42. 34. Christopher L. Hodapp, Decoding the Dave Franklin, Bookreviews: Angels Lost Symbol: Freemasons, Myths and the and Demons, by Dan Brown, January24, 2007, Mysteries of Washington, D. C. (United States of http://www.heliun.com 43. America: Ulysses Press, 2010), p.35. K. S. Carter, Bookreviews: Angels 35. Kenneth Boa And John Alan Turner, and Demons, by Dan Brown, January24, 2007, The Cospel According To The Da Vinci Code: http://www.heliun.com. 44. The Truth Behind Dan Brown's Writings Abigail Hole, and Duncan Garwood, (United States Of America: Broadman & Rome: City Guide (United States of America: Holman Publishers, 2006), p.1 Lonely Planet, 2008), p5. 45. 36. Thomas R. Beyer, 33 Keys to Dan Burstein, “Angels and Demons: Unlocking The Lost Symbol: A Reader's Rough Draft for The Da Vinci Code, Road Companion to Dan Brown Novel (New York: Map for Dan Brown‟s next Book,” Secrets of Newmarket Press, 2010), p.12. Angels and Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to 37. Lisa, p.76. the Bestselling Novel, ed. Dan Burstein (United 38. Erin Miller, Confessing Evangelisal,” States of America: CDS Books, 2004), p.1. “ 46. (May21, 2006) Beyer, p.12. 47. Dunn and Bubeck, p.14. http://www.confessingevangelisal.com 48. (accessed April8, 2011). Mark Shea, Answering Angels and 39. Demons (Pennsylvania: Ascension Press, 2009), “Illuminati.” The main Plotline of p.3. Angels and Demons revolves around a 49. conspiracy by the Illuminati against the Angela K. Nickerson, Angels and Catholic Church. Clues left by artists Demons, Rome: The Inside Guide to the supposedly linked to the secret organization Locations Featured in the Book and movie (California: Roaring Forties, 2009), p.1. provide the location of the search by Robert 50. Langdon and Vittoria Vetra comes with the David Lodge, The Art of Fiction (USA: Viking Penguin,1992), p.75. discovery of the so-called Church of 51. Illumination, concealed within a well, known Ibid., 74. 52. Ibid .,75. landmark, Castle Saint Angelo. The darling 53. subject of conspiracy theorists throughout the Dave Franklin, Bookreviews: Angels world, the idea of there being a group of people and Demons, by Dan Brown, January24, 2007, called themselves the Illuminati (or http://www.heliun.com. 54. Beyer, 88. “enlightened ones”) is as old as the secret 55. society itself is supposed to be. (Cox, p.82). Dan Brown and the Langdon Court Case: After many Bogus Conspiracies a real 40. Bing Bang Theory.” This theory “ One Finally Surfaces, could be a metaphor for the clash between the http://www.cesnur.org/2006. church and science over the question of these 56. Dan Burstein, : theories about the universe‟s . It was first The Unauthorized Guide to the Mysteries postulated by a Belgian priest called Georges Behind The Do Vinci Code, ed. Dan Burstein ( Lemaitre in 1927. Lemaitre‟s theory asserts USA: CDS Books, 2006), p.189. that the universe has its origins with the 57. E. M. Forster, Aspects of the Novel explosion-the Big Bang- of the first primeval (United States of America: Harsourt, Inc., atom, kind of cosmic egg consisting of 1927), p.87. subatomic particles and radiation. According to the core of the theory, the universe was

33 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م The Thriller Genre In Dan Brown's Novel Angels And Demons

58. Dave Franklin, Bookreviews: Angels 83. Ibid.,58. and Demons, by Dan Brown, January24, 2007, 84. Beyer, p.114. http://www.heliun.com. 85. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p11. 59. Forster, p.45. 86. Palmer, p.58. 60. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p.13. 87. Nelson, p. 94. 61. Sharveen Coils: Bookreviews: Angels 88. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p11. and Demons, by Dan Brown, January24, 2007, http://www.heliun.com. BIBLIOGRAPHY 62. Dave Franklin, Bookreviews: Angels Bernsteir, Amy D. “Angels and and Demons, by Dan Brown, January24, 2007, Demons and the Next Pope.” In Secrets http://www.heliun.com. 63. Saricks, p.53. of Angels and Demons: The 64. Beyer, p.113. Unauthorized Guide to the Bestselling 65. Glover, p.137. Novel, edited by Dan Burstein, p.26. 66. Cyril H. Wecht, “Death Comes to the United States of America: CDS Books, Cardinals: A Forensics expert on murder, Mayhem, and Survival,” in Secrets of Angels 2004. and Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to the Beyer, Thomas R. 33 Keys to Bestselling Novel, ed. Dan Burstein (United Unlocking the Lost Symbol: A States of America: CDS Books, 2004), p.280. 67. Reader's Companion to Dan Brown James Carlisle, and Jennifer Carlisle, Novel. New York: Newmarket Press, “Eyeball to Eyeball: The Use of Biometrics in Angels and Demons,” in The Unauthorized 2010. Guide to The International Bestseller Inside Boa, Kenneth, and John Alan Angels and Demons, ed. Dan Burstein and Arne Turner, The Cospel According To The De Keijzer (United States of America: Vanguard Press, 2009), p.374. Da Vinci Code: The Truth Behind Dan 68. Geoff Hamilton, and Brain Jones, Brown's Writings. United States Of Encyclopedia of American Popular Fiction,(New America: Broadman & Holman York: Facts on File, Inc., 2009) p.6. Publishers, 2006 69. Dunn and Bubeck , p.137. . 70. Saricks, p.53. Brown Dan and the Langdon 71. Nickerson. p.2. Court Case: After many Bogus 72. Hole, and Garwood, p.28. Conspiracies a real One Finally 73. Ibid. Surfaces. http://www.cesnur.org/2006 74. Cox, p.46. . 75. Wade Ronald, Galileo's Mistake: A Brown, D. M. Dan Brown's Road New Look at the Epic Confrontation Between to Success: An Unauthorized Biography Galileo and the Church. of the Creator of The Da Vince Code. Cited in Burstein and De Keijzer, p.118 USA: Lexington, KY,2005. 76. Lee Wimberley, Exploring the Gap Brown, Dan. The Da Vinci Code. between Science and Religion, 2nd ed. (United United States of America: Anchor States of America: Bennett & Hastings) p.523. 77. Saricks, p.31. Books, 2003 . 78. Dan Brown Witness Statement, p.13. Dan Brown. Witness Statement in 79. Saricks, p.214. 80. The Da Vinci Code Case. Shea, p.1. http://www.timeonline.co.uk/areticle.gt 81. Palmer, p.137. 82. Ibid.,38. ml .

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Bustein, Dan. “Angels and Novel. New York: Fall River Press, 2003 Demons: Rough Draft for The Da Vinci . Code, Road Map for Dan Brown‟s next The Dan Brownـــــــــــــــــــــــ. Book.” In Secrets of Angels and Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to the Companion: The Truth Behind the Bestselling Novel, edited by Dan Fiction: With a gazetteer to the People Burstein, p.1. United States of America: and Places Featured in the Robert Langdon Novels. Great Britain: CDS Books, 2004. Mainstrean Publishing Company, 2006 . ed. Secrets of Angels andـــــــــــــــــــــــ.،

Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to the Forster, E. M. Aspects of the Bestselling Novel. United States of Novel. United States of America: America: CDS Books, 2004 . Harsourt, Inc., 1927. Bustein, Dan, and Arne G. De Franklin, Dave. Bookreviews: keigzer. Secrets of : Angels and Demons, by Dan Brown. The Untold Story of History's Most January24, 2007, Misunderstood Woman. New York: http://www.heliun.com . CDS Books, 2006. Garlow, James L. Timothy Paul Carlisle, James, and Jennifer Jones, and April Williams, The Da Vinci Carlisle. “Eyeball to Eyeball: The Use of Code Breaker. United States of Biometrics in Angels and Demons.” In The Unauthorized Guide to The America: Bethany Hose, 2006. International Bestseller Inside Angels Geoff, Hamilton, and Brain Jones. and Demons, edited by Dan Burstein, Encyclopedia of American Popular and Arne De Keijzer, p.374. United Fiction. New York: Facts on File, Inc., States of America: Vanguard Press, 2009. 2009. Glover, David. “The Thriller.” In Carter, K. S. Bookreviews: Angels The Cambridge Companion to Crime and Demons, by Dan Brown. Fiction, edited by Martin Priestman, (January24, 2007). pp.136-7. Cambridge: Cambridge http://www.heliun.com. University press, 2003. Cox, Simon. Decoding the Lost Helfers, John., ed. The Symbol: The Unauthorized Guide to the Unauthorized Dan Brown Companion. Fact Behind the Fiction. New York: New York: Citadel Press, 2006 . Touchstone, 2009 . Hodapp, Christopher L. Decoding the Lost Symbol: Freemasons, Myths Illuminating Angels andـــــــــــــــــــــــ. and the Mysteries of Washington, D. C. Demons: The Unauthorized Guide to the United States of America: Ulysses Press, Facts Behind Da Brown's Bestselling 2010 .

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Hole, Abigail, and Duncan ed. Chicago: American Library Garwood. Rome: City Guide. United Association, 2009. States of America: Lonely Planet, 2008. Sharveen, Coils. Bookreviews: Lodge, David. The Art of Fiction. Angels and Demons, by Dan Brown. (January24, 2007). USA: Viking Penguin,1992. Miller, Erin. “Confessing http://www.heliun.com . Evangelisal.” (May21, 2006) Shea, Mark. Answering Angels http://www.confessingevangelisal.com and Demons. Pennsylvania: Ascension (accessed April8, 2011 .) Press, 2009. Nelson, Victoria. “Fax Catholic: A Taylor, Greg. The Guide to Dan Gothic Subgenre from Monk Lewis to Brown's The Solomon Key. United Dan Brown.” In Esotericism, Art, and States of America: De Vorss & Imagination, edited by Arthur Versluis, Company, 2005 . pp.89-96. Michigan: Michigan State Wecht, Cyril H. “Death Comes to University, 2008 . the Cardinals: A Forensics expert on Nickerson, Angela K. Angels and murder, Mayhem, and Survival.” In Demons, Rome: The Inside Guide to the Secrets of Angels and Demons: The Locations Featured in the Book and Unauthorized Guide to the Bestselling movie. California: Roaring Forties, Novel, edited by Dan Burstein, p.280. United States of America: CDS Books, 2009. Palmer, Jerry. Thrillers: Genres 2004. and Structure of Popular Genre. New Wimberley, Lee. Exploring the York: St. Martin's Press, 1979. Gap between Science and Religion, 2nd Plumer, Eric. The Catholic ed. United States of America: Bennett & Church and American Culture: Why Hastings. Claims of Dan Brown Strike a Chord. Chicago: University of Scranton Press, 2009. Rogak, Lisa. The Man Behind The Da Vinci Code: The Unauthorized Biography. United States: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2005. Saricks, Joyce G. Dan Brown: Genre Thriller. United State:

Novelist/EPSCO Publishing, 2004 . Saricks, Joyce G. The Reader‟s

Advisory Guide to Genre Fiction. 2nd

مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م 36 Assist. Prof. Qassim Salman Sarhan (PHD) Alyaa Nadhim M0hammed University of Al-Qadissiya / College of Education / Department of Englis

أدب اإلثارة في رواية دان براون » مالئكة وشياطين «

ممخص أد ُب االثــــار ة مــــو نمــــطل مــــن االد ب ال ــــي يتواجه فيه االبطا ُل َ مع اش ارٍر يريدون تدميرمم وتـدمير بمـــدمم واســـت ار ر العـــالم . رـــادة مـــا يـــرتبط مـــ ا الـــنمط بالمغامرة وق ص التحري . يوظف م ا الـنمط التشـوي ق والتوت ر واإل ثارة كعنا ر رئيسـ فة فيـه . وبالبـا مـا يكتن ـه جــلو مــن الت ديــد والعنــف وال تــل . يتنــمن مــ ا الــنمط أنماطــا فرريــة ، قــد تنطــوي بــدورما رمــ رنا ــر مــن أنمــاط أخــرو . ومــن الم ومــات التــي تســ م فــي تكــوين ادب االثارة الجيد المؤام ار ُت واسعة النطـاق التـي تشـترك في ا الحكومات واالرمـابيون أو جمعيـات اإلخـاا السـرية . ال يعد دان براون طارئا رم م ا النمط . فكل واحدة من رواياته تتنمن حبكات مع دة ونظريا ت مؤامرة آسرةف تحبس األن اس . تطرح روايات ب ارون مجمورة من الشي رات وااللغاز والجناسات والمعاني الغامنة ورسائل مخبأة في اكتشافات رممية وأرمال فنية ش يرة معتمدةف اياما وسائ ل جديفدة لمتشويق .

37 مجمة القادسية في اآلداب والعموم التربوية - المجمد ) 00 ( العددان ) 3 ، 4 ( سنة 2102 م