Gestão Patrimonial Nas Várias Áreas De Actuação No Palácio Nacional De Mafra

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Gestão Patrimonial Nas Várias Áreas De Actuação No Palácio Nacional De Mafra UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS GESTÃO PATRIMONIAL NAS VÁRIAS ÁREAS DE ACTUAÇÃO NO PALÁCIO NACIONAL DE MAFRA PAULO RICARDO LOURENÇO MARQUES Relatório de Estágio orientado pelo Professor Doutor Fernando Grilo, especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em História da Arte e Património. 2019 Resumo Este relatório representa o trabalho concretizado no Estágio Curricular realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em História da Arte e Património, da FLUL, e teve lugar no Palácio Nacional de Mafra. Teve como área principal o desenvolvimento do plano de conservação preventiva, e por vontade própria, travar conhecimento e experienciar as várias atividades concebidas no PNM ao nível da gestão patrimonial. O Convento/Palácio Nacional de Mafra, é uma obra megalómana. O edifício alberga um Paço Real, um Convento, uma Basílica e uma Biblioteca, que pela sua importância arquitetónica, e de seu espólio, ganha uma posição significativa. Em 1910 o Paço Real é decretado monumento nacional, abrindo portas logo em 1911 com a designação, que ainda hoje mantem – Palácio Nacional de Mafra (PNM). Sendo que o edifício na sua totalidade está dividido por várias instituições: Escola de Armas (desde 1841) e a Câmara Municipal de Mafra. O Palácio Nacional de Mafra alberga uma enorme coleção de peças nas mais variadas tipologias, procurando sempre a sua boa conservação, estudo e salvaguarda. Utilizando para isso a grande experiência dos técnicos do Palácio, que procuram, dentro das suas possibilidades, a aplicação e execução das normas, métodos e procedimentos corretos da conservação preventiva. Em 2009 o PNM inicia a criação de um plano de conservação preventiva, que atualmente não se encontra em vigor devido à falta de recursos humanos e económicos que condicionaram a sua conclusão. Este documento é essencial por ser formulado por procedimentos baseados em estudos pontuais dos problemas e necessidades do Palácio Nacional de Mafra e da sua coleção, organizando e compilando fatores importantes para um conhecimento concreto do Palácio e do seu meio. A organização e complementação do plano de conservação preventiva do Palácio Nacional de Mafra é um dos temas abordados neste relatório, assim como as funções exercidas durante o estágio curricular – que tiveram ligações diretas a este tópico – e outros tipos de encargos, ligados à gestão patrimonial, que serviram não só para o conhecimento mais aprofundado das funções desenvolvidas numa instituição museológica, mas também para uma disposição de versatilidade exigida nesta área. 2 Palavras-chaves: Palácio Nacional de Mafra; Conservação preventiva; salvaguarda do Património Cultural; plano de conservação preventiva. 3 Abstract This report represents the work carried out in the Curricular Internship, in the ambit of the Masters in History of Art and Heritage, of FLUL, which took place in the National Palace of Mafra, having as the main area the development of the preventive conservation plan, and of its own volition, knowledge and experience the various activities conceived in the PNM at the level of heritage management. The Convent / National Palace of Mafra, is a megalomaniacal work, the building houses a royal palace, a convent, a basilica and a library, which for its architectural and spolio importance gains a significant position. In 1910 the Royal Palace was decreed a national monument, opening doors soon in 1911 with the designation, that still maintains today, of National Palace of Mafra (PNM). Being that the building in its totality is divided by several institutions: School of Arms (from 1841) and the Municipality of Mafra. P.N.M. houses a huge collection in the most varied types, always looking for its good conservation, study and safeguard. Using the great experience of the palace technicians, who, within their possibilities, seek the application and execution of the correct norms, methods and procedures of preventive conservation. In 2009 the P.N.M. initiated the creation of a preventive conservation plan, which is not yet in force, due to the lack of human and economic resources that conditioned its conclusion. This document is essential because it is formulated by procedures based on specific studies of the problems and needs of the National Palace of Mafra and its collection and organizing and compiling important factors for a concrete knowledge of the palace and its surroundings. The organization and complementation of the preventive conservation plan of the National Palace of Mafra is one of the topics addressed in this report, as well as the functions carried out during the curricular traineeship - which had direct links to this topic - and other types of charges related to heritage management, which served not only to gain a deeper understanding of the functions carried out in a museum but also to an array of versatility required in this area. 4 Key-words: National Palace of Mafra; Protection of Cultural Heritage; Preventive Conservation; Preventive Conservation Plan. 5 Agradecimentos Gostaria de agradecer aos vários técnicos pelos conhecimentos partilhados e aos vigilantes do Palácio Nacional de Mafra, em especial à Dra. Gabriela Cordeiro, à Dra. Isabel Yglesias de Oliveira, à Dra. Maria João Brandão, ao Dr. Sérgio Gorjão e ao Director Dr. Mário Pereira, pela sua disponibilidade e afecto. Ao Professor Doutor Fernando Grilo, pela sua disponibilidade e orientação. Deixo um especial agradecimento pelo apoio incondicional recebido e pela amizade que proporcionam a Flávia Moreira e Henrique Natário. 6 Siglas e Abreviaturas APNM – Arquivo do Palácio Nacional de Mafra CMM – Câmara Municipal de Mafra DGPC – Direção-Geral do Património Cultural EA – Escola de Armas FLUL – Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa HR – Humidade Relativa IJF – Instituto José de Figueiredo IMC – Instituto dos Museus e da Conservação MEC- Museu de Escultura Comparada IPPAR – Instituto Português do Património PLM – Paulo Lourenço Marques PNA – Palácio Nacional da Ajuda PNM – Palácio Nacional de Mafra 7 Índice Siglas e Abreviaturas .................................................................................................... 7 Introdução ..................................................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO I| O Palácio Nacional de Mafra ............................................................. 11 1.1. Contexto Histórico do Palácio Nacional de Mafra ................................................. 11 1.2. Acervo do Palácio Nacional de Mafra ................................................................... 14 1.3. Campanhas de Obras .............................................................................................. 15 CAPÍTULO II| Estágio Curricular no PNM .............................................................. 17 2.1. Objectivos do Estágio Curricular ................................................................................ 17 2.2. Descrição das actividades realizadas no Estágio Curricular ....................................... 18 CAPÍTULO III| Projecto: O Núcleo de Arte Sacra e a Reserva de Pintura .............. 38 3.1. Avaliação e aplicação de princípios da conservação preventiva em duas salas específicas .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.2. Núcleo de Arte Sacra .................................................................................................. 44 3.3. Reserva de Pintura ...................................................................................................... 49 Considerações Finais .................................................................................................. 53 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................. 55 Anexos ........................................................................................................................ 57 Anexo Fotográfico ............................................................................................................. 58 1ª Fase do Relatório Hierárquico das Patologias do Edifício: Piso Nobre/Reservas ......... 86 1ª Fase do Relatório Hierárquico das Patologias do Edifício: Núcleo de Arte Sacra e Núcleo Conventual ............................................................................................................. 94 8 Introdução O conteúdo deste relatório reflete o meu interesse pela área do património, da sua gestão, e pelo importante monumento que é o Palácio Nacional de Mafra. Mediante alguns trabalhos teóricos desenvolvidos no primeiro semestre travei conhecimento com a equipa técnica do Palácio Nacional de Mafra, e a inexistência de um plano de conservação preventiva criado especificamente para o PNM. Por iniciativa própria, apresentei uma proposta de realizar o estágio curricular no PNM, com o objetivo de, entre outras tarefas, desenvolver o plano de conservação preventiva desenvolvido pela Dra. Gabriela Cordeiro (PNM) e pela Dra. Gabriela Carvalho (IJF-Instituto José Figueiredo). Após a aquisição de imprescindíveis bases teóricas nos seminários do primeiro ano do Mestrado – História da Arte e Património – o estágio torna-se uma oportunidade de não só pôr em prática esses conhecimentos, mas também de conhecer as várias funções exercidas na instituição museológica e entender onde as minhas aptidões têm um melhor desempenho. O presente trabalho divide-se em três partes. A primeira, tem por objetivo a contextualização do
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