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Biometric Traits and Ecology of Sichel, Pelecus Cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

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Biometric Traits and Ecology of Sichel, Pelecus Cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health Part B 2019 Biometric traits and ecology of sichel, pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) with notes on its recent status in the middle flow of the Danube river tributaries (Slovenia and Croatia) Merica Sliskovic University of Split Meta Povz Umbra Marina Piria University of Zagreb Goran Jaksic Aquatika Freshwater Aquarium Ana Gracanin University of Wollongong, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Publication Details Sliskovic, M., Povz, M., Piria, M., Jaksic, G., Gracanin, A. & Mrcelic, G. Jelic. (2019). Biometric traits and ecology of sichel, pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) with notes on its recent status in the middle flow of the Danube river tributaries (Slovenia and Croatia). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51 (1), 117-125. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Biometric traits and ecology of sichel, pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) with notes on its recent status in the middle flow of the Danube river tributaries (Slovenia and Croatia) Abstract Available knowledge on the sichel, Pelecus cultratus, from the middle Danube River and its tributaries is insufficient. This study aims to provide new data on the morphology and ecology of sichel from the Mur River, and its distribution in Croatia and Slovenia. In 2009, the schooling of sichel were observed at a high-water level in the Mur River of Slovenia. In total, 14 specimens were sampled by fishermen using sport fishing techniques. The ga e, condition, length-weight relationship (LWR), 20 morphometric and four meristic traits, were analysed. Fulton condition coefficient and LWR value indicated that sichel specimens' were well adapted to the environmental conditions. Positive allometry in both males and females were observed (W = 0.004 L 3.119 ). This represents the first LWR dataset for sichel. The morphometric and meristic traits values from this research add to the limited data that is presently available. By comparing historical and recent data on sichel distribution, we observed a dramatically declining trend. Therefore, further research and targeted protection of the sichel in the middle Danube River tributaries are urgently required. Publication Details Sliskovic, M., Povz, M., Piria, M., Jaksic, G., Gracanin, A. & Mrcelic, G. Jelic. (2019). Biometric traits and ecology of sichel, pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) with notes on its recent status in the middle flow of the Danube river tributaries (Slovenia and Croatia). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51 (1), 117-125. Authors Merica Sliskovic, Meta Povz, Marina Piria, Goran Jaksic, Ana Gracanin, and Gorana Mrcelic This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers1/672 Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 51(1), pp 117-125, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.117.125 Biometric Traits and Ecology of Sichel, Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) with Notes on its Recent Status in the Middle Flow of the Danube River Tributaries (Slovenia and Croatia) Merica Slišković1, Meta Povž2, Marina Piria3,*, Goran Jakšić4, Ana Gracanin5 and Gorana Jelić Mrčelić1 1University of Split, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia 2Umbra, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ulica bratov Ucakar 108, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Article Information Received 15 May 2017 Game Management and Special Zoology, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Revised 02 February 2018 4AQUATIKA–Freshwater Aquarium Karlovac, Branka Čavlovića Čavleka 1a, Accepted 18 April 2018 47000 Karlovac, Croatia Available online 19 November 2018 5University of Wollongong, Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Authors’ Contribution MP and MP designed the study and Biology, Northfields Ave. Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia prepared the manuscript. MS, GJ and AG analyzed and interpreted the data and finalized the article. GJM ABSTRACT supervised the work. Available knowledge on the sichel, Pelecus cultratus, from the middle Danube River and its tributaries is Key words insufficient. This study aims to provide new data on the morphology and ecology of sichel from the Mur Freshwater fish, Danube basin, River, and its distribution in Croatia and Slovenia. In 2009, the schooling of sichel were observed at a Distribution, Morphometric and high-water level in the Mur River of Slovenia. In total, 14 specimens were sampled by fishermen using meristic traits, Conservation. sport fishing techniques. The age, condition, length-weight relationship (LWR), 20 morphometric and four meristic traits, were analysed. Fulton condition coefficient and LWR value indicated that sichel specimens’ were well adapted to the environmental conditions. Positive allometry in both males and females were observed (W = 0.004 L3.119). This represents the first LWR dataset for sichel. The morphometric and meristic traits values from this research add to the limited data that is presently available. By comparing historical and recent data on sichel distribution, we observed a dramatically declining trend. Therefore, further research and targeted protection of the sichel in the middle Danube River tributaries are urgently required. INTRODUCTION spawning occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 during spring (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). Spawning sichel produce he sichel, Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758), is unique floating eggs, which occurs in the midstream (Vostradovsky, Tamong European Cyprinids of the family Leuciscinae 1973) at temperatures above 12°C (Kottelat and Freyhof, (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007), by inhabiting open waters 2007). The optimal water temperature for sichel ranges of large rivers and lakes, estuaries and salt-rich seas (e.g. from 10°C to 20°C (Baensch and Riehl, 1991). In rivers, Baltic Sea) (Riede, 2004; Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). It eggs drift with the current and hatch after three to four has a long, slender, highly compressed body with a sharp days (Freyhof and Kottelat, 2008). In their first summer, keel from throat to anus (Freyhof and Kottelat, 2008). juveniles may potentially migrate towards estuaries The length of life for the sichel ranges between 9 to 13 (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). Immediately after spawning, years (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007; Gaigalas, 2001). The this semi-anadromous adult fish returns to estuaries where maximum total length recorded for the species was 60.0 cm, it feeds on zooplankton, terrestrial invertebrates and small with a weight of 2.0 kg (Muus and Dahlström, 1968). First fish (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). The main distribution area of the sichel belongs to * Corresponding author: [email protected] the Ponto-Caspian region which is made up of the Black 0030-9923/2019/0001-0117 $ 9.00/0 Sea, Caspian Sea, Azov Sea and the Aral Sea. In addition, Copyright 2019 Zoological Society of Pakistan it is common in the basins of the Baltic Sea, from the Odra 1 1 8 M. Slišković et al. River to the Neva River (Raczyński et al., 2011; Froese Balon, 1956; Harsanyi, 1986; Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007), and Pauly, 2017). The western limit of its distribution migration behaviour (Heckel and Knerr, 1858; Siebold, occurs in Austria and Bavaria (Ratschan, 2015). The sichel 1863; Jäckel, 1864; Seeley, 1886; Glowatcki, 1896; also occurs in southern Sweden and Finland, in the Ladoga Munda, 1927) and distribution (Jurajda et al., 1992; Lusk Lake and the Onega Lake, and occasionally on the Baltic and Jurajda, 1995). However contemporary knowledge is coast west of Vistula, as well as on the Finnish coast north limited due to a lack of recent research. of 61°N (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). Thus, the aim of this research was to (i) provide Furthermore, the sichel was observed in the Mur new data on the morphology and ecology of sichel, and River, the tributary of the Danube River, as a very rare and (ii) investigate its historical and current distribution in the sporadic species (Mrakovčić et al., 2006). Although this tributaries of the Danube River in Slovenia and Croatia. species was recorded in several tributaries of the Mur River Furthermore, a critical discussion on present and future basin in north-eastern Slovenia (Munda, 1927; Glowacki, status of this species in inland waters of Slovenia and 1896), Sava River and its tributaries in Croatia, and Drava Croatia is also provided, with habitat conservation needs River (Mojsisovics, 1883; Brusina, 1892; Sabioncello, proposed. 1967), recent research did not confirm its presence (Jelić et al., 2012; Simonović et al., 2017). MATERIAL AND METHODS The sichel is included in Annex II of the International Association for the Protection of Species of the European Study area and fish sampling Commonwealth of the Baltic States, Fauna Flora Habitat In Slovenia and Croatia, the main tributaries of the (FFH) Directive (Balzer et al., 2004). It has been classified Danube River basin are the Sava and Drava Rivers. One as Least Concern (LC) by the global and regional IUCN of the Drava River tributaries is the Mur, a river in central Red list of threatened species (Freyhof Kottelet, 2008). Europe, rising from Hohe Tauern national park of the The sichel is not recorded in the Slovenian Red list of fish, Central Eastern Alps in Austria. The Mur’s total length but has been classified as a Data Deficient (DD) species by is around 480 kilometres, 330 km are within the interior the Croatian Red list (Mrakovčić et al., 2006). of Austria; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km Several studies have focused on the species’ biology, along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside nutrition, reproductive ecology (Herzig and Winkler, Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia 1983; Herzig et al., 1994; Auer, 1995; Tátrai and Herzig, and Hungary (Fig. 1). On the river, no dams have been 1995; Liu and Herzig, 1996), morphology (Adamicka, built between the border of Austria and Slovenia to its 1984; Wais, 1995), ecology, systematics (Unger, 1926; outlet.
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