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Lepidoptera — Ethmiidae

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Lepidoptera — Ethmiidae View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology... j Beitr. Ent. • Bd. 23 • 1973 • H. 5/8 ■ S. 291-312 • Berlin Institut für Pflanzenschutzforschung (BZA) der Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der D D E zu Berlin Zweigstelle Eberswalde Abteilung Taxonomie der Insekten (ehem. DEI) Eberswalde G e r r i t F r i e s e Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Lepidoptera — Ethmiidae Mit 27 Textfiguren und 2 Tafeln Inhalt 1. Taxonomische Grundlagen ........................................................................................................................... 291 1.1 Status und Stellung im System . 291 1.2 Anzahl der Arten und Verbreitungsübersicht der mitteleuropäischen E t h m iid a e ................................................292 1.3 Systematik und Nomenklatur, Check-List .......................................................................................................................... 293 1.4 Bestimmungsschlüssel und Beschreibung der F a l t e r ....................................................................................................... 294 2. Erste Stände und Bionom ie ........................................................................................................................................................... 299 2.1 E i e r ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................299 2.2 Raupen (Beschreibung — Chätotaxie — Lebensweise — Verpuppung)......................................................................299 2.3 P u pp en ......................................................................................................................................................................................................300 2.4 Flugzeit der Falter und G en era tio n en ....................................................................... 301 3. Faunistische Grundlagen ...........................................................................................................................................................304 3.1 Auswertung der L i t e r a t u r ........................................................................................................................................................... 304 3.2 Revision der Sammlungen ........................................................................................................................................................... 304 3.3 Eigene Aufsammlungen ................................................................................................................................................................ 304 4. Systematisch-faunistisches Verzeichnis der A r t e n ............................................................................................................305 5. Verbreitungsübersicht für die DDR und Auswertung der Ergebnisse ...................................................................... 309 6 . Zusammenfassung ......................................................................................................................................................................... 310 7. Literatur .......................................... 311 8. Index der wissenschaftlichen N a m e n ........................................................................................................................................312 1. Taxonomische Grundlagen 1.1 Status und Stellung im System Die Familie Ethmiidae wurde von B i t s c k 1909 errichtet, die typische Gattung ist Ethmia H ü b n e r , 1819 [ = Psecadia H ü b n e r , 1825 und weitere 11 Synonyme], Typusart der Gattung ist pyrausta H ü b n e r , 1813 et 1819 (nee P a l l a s , 1771), f ü r die der Name aurifluella H ü b n e r , 1810 eintreten muß. In den deutschsprachigen Handbüchern zwischen Staudinger & Rbbbl (1901) und H e r i n g (1932) werden die Arten zumeist als Gattung Psecadia H ü b n e r unter den Gelechiiden aufgeführt, und zwar bei den Gattungen, die heute als Oecophoridae abgetrennt sind; im englischsprachigen Schrifttum finden wir die Gattung seit M e y r i c k (1914) zumeist unter den Yponomeutidae, was jedoch völlig unbegründet ist und worauf ich schon früher hingewiesen habe ( P r i e s e 1960, p. 22). S a t t l e r (1967) schließt sich in seiner monographischen Bearbeitung der paläarktischen Ethmiidae in den Microlepidoptera palaearctica dieser Ansicht an. Der beschuppte Rüssel, die fehlende Anhangszelle, die lang gestielten Adern und rs sowie die lange Wurzelschlinge im Vorderflügel, die vollständig ausgebildeten Radial- und Cubital- adern im Hinterflügel, die ungegabelten Apophyses anteriores der $ Genitalien und andere Merkmale finden sich nicht bei den Yponomeutidae, aber bei den Oeeo- phoridae (vgl. Fig. 1—3). Trennende Merkmale gegenüber den Oecophoridae sind 19 DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.23.5-8.291-312 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 292 G. F r i e s e : Insektenfauna DDE : Lepidoptera — Ethmiidae die Stellung der Ader m2 im Hinterflügel (näher m, als m3) und das Costalgelenk der Valven, doch sind diese und andere Merkmale infolge einer fehlenden Monographie der Oecophoridae noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. Gewisse Eigentümlichkeiten der Raupen-Chätotaxie (vgl. Kapitel 2.2) und der Puppen (vgl. Kapitel 2.3) könnten sich als weitere Familienmerkmale erweisen. — Mögen die Ethmiiden nun eine eigene Familie oder eine Unterfamilie der Oecophoridae darstellen, auf jeden Fall aber gehören sie zur Überfamilie Gelechioidea und nicht zur Überfamilie Ypono- meutoidea. Fig. 1 — 3. Flügelgeäder : Fig. 1. Ethmiidae, Ethmia dodecea (H a w o k t h ) $, Hinterflügel mit Costal- pinsel. — Fig. 2. Yponomeutidae, Yponomeuta evonymellus (L i n n é ) 3- — Fig. 3. Oecophoridae, mannophila pseudospretella (S t a i n t o n ) 3 1.2 Anzahl der Arten und Verbreitungsübersicht der mitteleuropäischen Arten Die Artenzahl der Weltfauna der Ethmiidae läßt sich gegenwärtig nur über­ schlagsmäßig mit rund 200 angeben, da die Zugehörigkeit einiger außerpaläark- tischer Gattungen noch nicht geklärt ist. Von der Gattung E t h m i a verzeichnet S a t t l e b (1967) aus der paläarktischen Region 72 ( + 4 ungeklärte) Arten, eine wei­ tere Art wurde inzwischen von A m s e l aus China beschrieben; aus der nearktischen Region sind nach P o w e l l (1959) etwa 60 Arten beschrieben; aus den anderen Regionen überschlagsmäßig etwa 45, das wären insgesamt ca. 180 Arten. Weitere, jedoch nur wenige Arten umfassende Gattungen, die in diese Familie gehören, sind zum Beispiel A g r i o c e r o s M e y r i c k , 1928, Type p l a i y c y p h a M e y r i c k , 1928 (Philippinen), Pyramidobela B r a t j n , 1923 = I d i o p t i l a M e y r i c k , 1927, Type q u in q u e - c r is ta ta B r a u n , 1921 (N. Amerika), aber nicht E ll a b e l la B u s c k , 1925 = P r o b o l a c m a M e y r i c k , 1927, Type e d ith a B u s c k (Canada), DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.23.5-8.291-312 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 23, Nr. 5/8; 1973 293 wie bei C l a b k e 1965, p. 418 zu finden. Ellabella B ttsck ist höchstwahrscheinlich eine Yponomeutidae. Aus Mitteleuropa sind 12 Ethmia-Arten nachgewiesen (vgl. Tabelle 1), von denen 5 auch im Gebiet der DDR Vorkommen. — In die folgende Betrachtung einge­ schlossen ist als 6. Art E. candidella (Alphebaki), eine Axt, deren Vorkommen in Mitteleuropa erst im letzten Jahrzehnt erkannt wurde und für die bisher Prag als nördlichster Verbreitungspunkt gilt; es ist also nicht ausgeschlossen, daß die Art auch noch im Süden der D D R entdeckt wird, zum Beispiel im microlepidoptero- logisch bisher wenig besammelten Erz- und Elbsandsteingebirge. Tabelle 1 Verbreitungsübersicht der mitteleuropäischen Arten i Zeichenerklärung: + Fundmeldung liegt vor ? Fundmeldung fraglich P3 02 P — Fundmeldung fehlt IO U n g a rn Ö sterreich D ä n e m a rk Benelux ; P >o Schweiz ! i i P o le n ; B ; B R D i ! ! E thm ia dodecea ( H a w o k t h ) + + + + + + + + Ethmia funerella (Fabrigtus) + + + + + + + + Ethmia fumidella ( W o c k e ) —— — ——— — + + Ethmia candidella (Alphéraki) — — _ — __ + + + + Ethmia pusiella ( L in n é ) — + + + + + + + _ Ethm ia terminella F l e t c h e r + + + + + + + + Ethmia aurifluella (HÜBNER) — — — — —• — + + Ethmia lugubris (Staudinger) __ — _ — __ —— + — Ethmia bipunctella (Fabricius) + + + + + + + + Ethmia iranella Z e r n y —————— — — + Ethmia chrysopa ( Z e l l e r ) __ ——— __ 9 —— + Ethm ia chrysopygella (K olenati) _ + " Anzahl der Arten: 12 3 4 5 5 5 6 8 9 9 1.3 Systematik und Nomenklatur Die heimischen Arten gehören wie alle paläarktischen Ethmiiden zur Gattung Ethmia H ü b n e b . In der systematischen Anordnung und Nomenklatur folge ich dem Werk von S a t t l e b (1967), dem ich hier nichts hinzuzufügen habe. Systematisches Verzeichnis der abgehandelten Arten einschließlich Synonyme und Fehldeutungen (Check-List) Ethmia H t t b n e b , 1819. T y p e [aurifluella H ü b n e b , 1810 = ] pyrausta H ü b n e b , 1813 et 1819 (nec P a l l a s 1771) = Psecadia H ü b n e b , 1825. T y p e [dodecea H a w o b t h , 1828 = ] decemgut- tella H ü b n e b , 1810 = Anesychia H ü b n e b , 1825. T y p e pusiella L i n n é , 1758 = Distymnia H ü b n e b , 1825. T y p e funerella Fabbicitts, 1787 = Melanoleuca S t e p h e n s , 1829. T y p e pusiella L i n n é , 1758 = Aedia Duponchel, 1836. T y p e [bipunctella Fabbicitts, 1775 = ] echiella
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