SKILL CARD 1 Personal Protective Equipment

RELATED TRAINING  Safety 1  BF Manual chapter 1

 Don appropriate PPE for different situations OUTCOMES  Determine limitations of PPE  Assess hazards associated with PPE

TIMING 15 minute session

 Bush PPE (gloves, goggles, flash hood, trousers, jacket, boots, RESOURCES helmet)  Appropriate smoke filter (P2 mask)

SAFETY NOTES  Appropriate clothing to be worn under PPE All skill cards need to be  Clothing may be stored in bags – ensure bags are left open risk assessed prior, and  Shake clothing to ensure no spiders or insects etc. appropriate risk controls  Maintain and clean clothing (leaving burnt material on the clothing can be put in place to ensure carcinogenic and will damage fibres) trainee safety

 Explain, model and have trainees practice correct donning of PPE TRAINER NOTES  Detail appropriate time and place to use each piece of PPE  Discuss limitations of PPE and how to check for damage

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Consider type of incident, weather and location (examples on reverse) Carry, select and  Check PPE is in serviceable condition prior to donning wear appropriate / 1 required PPE  Don PPE (covering airflow and radiant heat blocking ability, need for chin strap and correctly fitting harness)  Heat stress Identify hazards  Poor maintenance leading to damage of PPE and risks relating 2 to PPE  Improper storage (moisture, products of fire)  Consideration of foreign objects (spiders, etc.)

 Refer to care guides for PPE Maintenance of PPE  Download care guides from MyRFS >> Info About >> Assets and equipment 3 >> PPE

Reporting lost or  If PPE is damaged or lost, report immediately to the Officer in Charge of the 4 damaged PPE vehicle you are in, the Captain or Equipment Officer

A video demonstrating best practice while carrying out maintenance on serviceable equipment is being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT V3.2 SKILL CARD 1

Bushfire PPE

JACKET TROUSERS HELMET BOOTS

DISPOSABLE GLOVES GOOGLES RESPIRATOR FLASH HOOD

Points for discussion

INCIDENT WEATHER LOCATION PPE LIMITATIONS PPE TYPE

Active Hot Windy Mixed terrain  Two piece firefighter  Fire resistant not fire incident (bush/grass/int protective clothing proof ground (bush erface)  Firefighter helmet fire)  Firefighter boots  Firefighter gloves  Firefighter goggles  Disposable respirator  Emergency flash hood Cold  As above with cold climate jacket

Active Cold/hot wet Interface  As above (without  Wet weather gear not incident rainy windy respirator) ground (flood)  Wet weather gear (jackets,  Firefighting boots are pants, etc.) not water proof  Fire fighting gloves not barriers to contaminated water  Gear heavy when water logged Support task Mixed Interface or  If attending to interface full  If not in full PPE not buildings firefighting PPE fireground capable  If in comms as per local  Teams need to be requirements consistent in their  If in catering as per attire alongside hygiene and local NSW RFS requirements requirements  If carrying out admin – as per local requirements

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT V3.2 SKILL CARD 1

SKILL CARD 2 Radios

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Operating communications equipment  BF Manual Chapter 8

 Operate suitable radios (for example Fireground & GRN/PMR) OUTCOMES  Pass a simple message through an uncontrolled network  Operate a radio using simplex and duplex frequencies  Pass a simple message through a controlled network

TIMING 15 minutes

 Vehicle mounted or portable fireground radios RESOURCES  Vehicle mounted or portable GRN/PMR radios and appropriate free channel to simulate radio calls

SAFETY NOTES

All skill cards need to be risk assessed prior, and  Operate on a pre-assigned training channel so as not to interfere with appropriate risk controls operational channels (this needs approval) put in place to ensure trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES  Trainer must be familiar with radio protocols so they can simulate the role of Officer in Charge/FIRECOM

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Locate fireground radios, power up, check battery strength and inspect the Prepare and radio connections 1 inspect equipment  Confirm that the radio is on the designated channel and change to a new channel if necessary

Test the  Undertake a radio check to ensure it is operating as intended 2 equipment  Place a radio to call to the simulated OIC requesting that the following equipment be brought to you: o One length of 25mm percolating hose and 25mm branch o One 38mm to 25mm Storz adaptor o One knapsack Use the equipment o The equipment is to be brought to your location stated as follows: “I am 3 (fireground radio) located approximately 1km from the Cat 1 along Wombat trail.”  The OIC will ask clarifying questions that must be answered and must then designate a new channel for the trainee to switch to and communicate on

Note: that the intent is to pass a clear, legible message, therefore the technical correctness of the message is not essential at this moment in time Repeat above  Replace transmission to OIC with transmission to FIRECOM using actions for appropriate call signs and message priority codes GRN/PMR (duplex 4  Return to home channel after exercise radio)

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – RADIOS V3.2 SKILL CARD 2

Radios used in the NSW RFS

Portable Portable Vehicle mounted fireground radio PMR/GRN radios

GENERAL RADIO PRINCIPLES

 ‘Plain language’ is used as much as possible (codes have only very limited use)  Each unit communicates with the local Firecom or base for non-incident related calls  Each unit calls their local Firecom or Base when they depart to or go to a fire or incident  The first units responding to an incident report their arrival at the scene to Firecom or base  A senior officer of the first responding units takes charge (control) of the incident on arrival. That is, he or she takes overall control the activities of all of the units at that incident.  If more units are called, Firecom or Base tell them where to go and who to call, and ‘hand over’ those units to the Incident Controller as they approach the scene  Each unit calls the Firecom or base when they are released from operations at the incident, when they return to their station and when closing down the radio

A video demonstrating best practice when using radios is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – RADIOS V3.2 SKILL CARD 2

SKILL CARD 3 Locker Drill

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Bush Fire Attack 3  BF Manual Chapter Chapter 4

 Correctly locate and fetch different pieces of equipment from the OUTCOMES tanker/store  Correctly explain the use and care requirements for different pieces of operational equipment

TIMING 20 minute session

RESOURCES  Brigade firefighting vehicle and associated equipment

 Equipment can be heavy, awkward to carry, and sharp. Ensure proper SAFETY NOTES lifting techniques are used  Equipment can be stored high on the vehicle, and in locations that require All skill cards need to be movement over the water tank – always ensure trainees are working risk assessed prior, and appropriately and using proper risk assessment when removing items from appropriate risk controls elevated points on the vehicle put in place to ensure  Some equipment stores combustible material/liquids within them– ensure trainee safety equipment is handled appropriately to mitigate risks  Some equipment stored in lockers will be at or above shoulder height – ensure proper manual handling techniques and risk assessments are used

 Use the model: show, explain, allow trial, then test - to give trainees a TRAINER NOTES chance to form an understanding of what equipment is stored on the vehicle, where it is located, and how to properly stow/un-stow

STEPS KEY POINTS

Introduce vehicles  Identify vehicle types (e.g. Category 1 tanker), radio call sign, and for 1 of the brigade firefighting vehicles their water capacity, type of pump, etc.  Use the same starting point for each vehicle, remove and identify each piece of equipment. Show all  Trainees: equipment on the o Name the equipment, explain what it’s used for and any hazards and 2 vehicle precautions involved in its use o Describe how they should care for it (e.g. cleaning/sharpening where appropriate)

 Trainees fetch different equipment off vehicle, explain its use, and talk Run a ‘fetch test’ 3 about different ways to determine if its in good condition

A video demonstrating best practice when using locker drill is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – LOCKER DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 3

Examples of equipment

Knapsack Rakehoe

Delivery hose Controlled breech

Standpipe Rope Combination

Portable Radio Fire blanket Extinguisher

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – LOCKER DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 3

SKILL CARD 4 Maintenance Drill

RELATED TRAINING  Firefighting equipment 1  BF Manual chapter 3

 Carry out equipment maintenance, to the manufacturers and NSW RFS OUTCOMES specifications, on user-serviceable equipment such as: rakehoes (McLeod ), and slashing tools

TIMING 3 x 10-20 minute sessions

 Brigade equipment and servicing equipment RESOURCES  Brigade maintenance schedule  Equipment fault reporting/safety process

SAFETY NOTES

All skill cards need to be  Maintenance work requires manual handling, and sometimes the use of risk assessed prior, and sharpening tools, oils and chemicals. appropriate risk controls  All maintenance activities are to be risk assessed prior, and appropriate risk put in place to ensure controls put in place to ensure trainee safety trainee safety

 This drill requires trainees to understand what serviceable equipment looks like and how it works properly, how to test it, and what can and can’t be TRAINER NOTES serviced at a brigade level.  Demonstrate how to complete periodic maintenance on equipment that is able to be serviced locally.

STEPS KEY POINTS

Understand brigade equipment  Identify each piece of equipment and its uses 1 that can be  Determine which equipment can be serviced locally and which cannot serviced

Check  Check for faults (Check, Inspect/Test, Maintain) serviceability of  Identify common faults (e.g. sharpness and angle of cutting edge, weak 2 equipment points where handles are connected, rough or splintered handles)

 Follow demonstration on how to complete periodic maintenance on Service equipment equipment that is able to be serviced locally 3  Practice techniques on a range of equipment

 Review system used at the brigade to log faulty equipment, and how to take Report and log it out of service faulty equipment 4  Identify who to report faulty equipment to

A video demonstrating best practice while carrying out maintenance on serviceable equipment is being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAINTENANCE DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 4

Maintenance examples

HAND SHARPENING TECHNIQUES

The cutting edge of an axe can be maintained by using a pocket axe stone, but if an axe requires extensive sharpening, the axe head needs to be firmly secured in a vice or a ‘G’ clamp. Always check that the axe head is secured to the handle.

AXE

The cutting edge of a rakehoe must be sharp. A working angle for

) the cutting edge of a rakehoe is 30 degrees. As with axes, a blade sharpened at too fine an angle can be easily damaged. You should sharpen a rakehoe with a file. The connecting bolt is a point of weakness and should always be checked during inspection.

RAKEHOE(MCLEOD TOOL

Slashing tools should be sharpened with a file. When you sharpen a slashing tool, follow the angle ground by the manufacturer, and make sure the angle is slightly less than the machine ground edge.

& FERN FERN & )

SLAHINGTOOLS (BRUSH

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAINTENANCE DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 4

SKILL CARD 5 Hose reel

 E-Learning Module Fire Fighting Equipment 2 RELATED TRAINING  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Identify and describe types, sizes, limitations, care and maintenance of hose reels OUTCOMES  Deploy hose reel  Shutdown, make up and restow hose reel

TIMING 20 minutes

 Firefighting appliance with hose reels RESOURCES  Ancillary equipment including alternative nozzles, storz keys and 25mm lay flat hose

SAFETY NOTES

 Operate pumps in a well ventilated area All skill cards need to be  Pumps can be loud - wear hearing protection if required risk assessed prior, and appropriate risk controls  Monitor slip hazards put in place to ensure  Use caution and remain aware of pinch points such as rotating hose reels trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES  Check equipment is in good working order  Run activity with a variety of 25mm nozzles

STEPS KEY POINTS  Inspect hose reel components and ancillary equipment to ensure they are in Prepare and serviceable condition inspect hose reels 1 and equipment  Ensure hose reel is locked, nozzle is in the closed position and the supply valve is in the open position  Unlock hose reel and deploy  Pump operator starts pump and sets operating pressure  Extend hose line to designated position and use appropriate signal for ‘water Deploy hose reel 2 on’  Pump operator locks hose reel off  Use a variety of nozzle settings as directed  Shut branch off  Follow ‘make up’ command Shut down, make  When appropriate signal for ‘water off’ 3 up and re-stow  Return nozzle end of hose to the appliance  Re-stow hose reel and lock off  Re-stow ancillary equipment

A video demonstrating best practice when using hose reel is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HOSE REELS V3.2 SKILL CARD 5

Hose reel hose

Nozzles

DIAL A JET NOZZLE

VARIABLE NOZZLE

FOG NOZZLE

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HOSE REELS V3.2 SKILL CARD 5

SKILL CARD 6 Attack lines

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 2 & 3  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Determine correct hose size and type and branches to use based on various conditions (i.e. flame height < 30cm, flame height of 2m, distance required to OUTCOMES get to objective)  Deploy attack lines using different methods  Make up equipment correctly TIMING 3 X 30 minute sessions

 Firefighting unit with water storage and pump installed RESOURCES  Ancillary equipment (hoses, nozzles and fittings, inline valves, breeching pieces, tools, radio equipment if appropriate)  Suitable location

 Working pumps create fumes that are hazardous – do not use in enclosed SAFETY NOTES spaces All skill cards need to be  Working pumps can be loud risk assessed prior, and  Working pumps can create strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses appropriate risk controls are secured prior to opening, and the opening of valves is controlled and at a put in place to ensure smooth steady rate trainee safety  Water being moved – creates slip and trip hazards  Trainees must wear PPE  Consider different types of tasks such as mop up, direct attack, breeching hoses from larger to smaller diameter TRAINER NOTES  Review what hoses and nozzle combinations are available and consider what is best suited for tasks  Practical operating pressures as line extends/contracts  Ensure all equipment is available and in working order

STEPS KEY POINTS

Select appropriate  Consider objective as stated by the Crew Leader and select correct hoses, 1 hose and branch branches and fittings Identify correct deployment  Identify appropriate deployment method (i.e. straight, flaked or combination) 2 method and  Deploy hose deploy  Signal to pump operator for water on/off and increase/decrease pressure to account for variations in output at the nozzle (such as with terrain change) Use techniques to  Advance and withdraw hose lines using appropriate techniques divide, replace,  Use breaching pieces advance and 3  Use techniques such as kinking the hoseline (with pump off or on idle) to withdraw lines create a low/no pressure area around the coupling to add or remove lines  Synchronise actions with the pump operator to prepare and replace line

Make up, reset and  Use correct method to withdraw and make up equipment. For example 4 restow Dutch roll, Figure 8 (Banana roll)

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK LINES V3.2 SKILL CARD 6

A video demonstrating best practice when deploying attack lines is currently being developed and will be released soon.

Points for discussion

DEPLOYMENT CONDITIONS HOSE & BRANCH SELECTION METHOD

1. SCLEROPHYLL FOREST FIRE* 38mm hose with straight branch

Burning in moderate fuels under moderate fire danger conditions. Flame height 2- Deploy to attack flanks 3m. Travelling a few hundred from burnt ground using metres per hour. pinch method, when flame height falls below 2m change to a direct attack

2. GRASS FIRE 38mm hose with straight branch Burning fine fuels under high fire danger conditions. Flame height 3-5m. Travelling Work from approved several kilometres per hour. crew area of appliance to attack flanks moving towards the head or from the ground

3. SCRUB FIRE** Live reel and a dial a jet nozzle (can be extended Burning in moderate fuels with 25mm lay flat hose) under low fire danger conditions. Flame height less than 2m. Travelling one hundred metres in per hour Straight deployment to on relatively flat ground. undertake a direct attack on the head of the fire

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK LINES V3.2 SKILL CARD 6

SKILL CARD 7 Hydrants

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Firefighting Equipment 3  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Locate hydrants OUTCOMES  Ship standpipe and remove standpipe  Use a hydrant for water supply

TIMING 20 minute session

 Standpipe, hydrant bar and storz key RESOURCES  65mm hose & 65 mm controlled breeching piece  In-ground hydrant or simulator

SAFETY NOTES  Beware of spiders/snakes residing under the hydrant plate All skill cards need to be  Beware of risk of finger injury – dropping hydrant plate on fingers risk assessed prior, and  Ensure no one stands over standpipe – if failure, can shoot upwards appropriate risk controls  Be careful when turning on standpipe – 3 to 4 turns enough put in place to ensure  Ensure pressure removed from line prior to disconnecting standpipe trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES  Explain, model and have trainees practice locating and using a hydrant for water supply

STEPS KEY POINTS

Locate suitable  Find hydrant indicator (explain different indicators) 1 hydrant  Interpret indicator correctly to locate hydrant

 Use hydrant bar to open hydrant plate Access hydrant 2  Inspect and remove debris from inside pit around hydrant  Check threaded collar is in starting position (all the way to the bottom and half a twist back) Ship standpipe  Insert standpipe into hydrant so collar lugs engage with hydrant hooks 3  Turn standpipe until locked firmly in place  Adjust standpipe outlet to direction required

 Turn spindle until plunger presses down onto spring valve, releasing water Operate standpipe 4  Flush water through hydrant until flow is clean/clear and turn valve off  Connect breeching piece and 65mm hose to standpipe  Ensure 65mm hose is connected to appliance inlet Supply water 5  Signal water on and confirm receipt of signal  Turn valve on gradually (no more than 3-4 full turns) to charge hose line  Signal water off from appliance  Confirm receipt of signal and turn off standpipe valve  Relieve any pressure in hose/fittings through the breeching piece and Remove standpipe 6 remove hose and breaching piece from standpipe  Remove standpipe from hydrant by turning whole standpipe  Check spring valve is closed properly and then close the hydrant lid

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HYDRANTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 7

Videos have been developed to demonstrate best practice when using hydrants. Please scan the QR codes or alternatively use the links:  Operating a hydrant 1 https:// goo.gl/nleXzv  Operating a hydrant 2 https:// goo.gl/mJxUqn

Shipping a standpipe

 Access hydrant  Ship standpipe  Operate standpipe  Supply water

1 2 3

Check pit Clear debris Ensure lug

4 5 6

Insert standpipe Turn standpipe Open and flush

7

Connect breeching piece

Remove standpipe

 Remove standpipe  Check hydrant is properly closed

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HYDRANTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 7

SKILL CARD 8 Main Pump

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Firefighting Equipment 3  BF Manual Chapter 3  Move water into and out of the vehicle’s water tank using the main pump and associated plumbing, incorporating the following activities: OUTCOMES o Supplying water from the tank to a hose-reel and/or a 38mm hose o Changing over from the water tank supply to an external supply o Draughting water from an open source TIMING 3 X 30 min sessions

 Firefighting unit with water storage and pump installed RESOURCES  Ancillary equipment (stand pipe, hydrant, hoses, nozzles and fittings)  Location with open water source and hydrants

SAFETY NOTES  Working pumps create fumes that are hazardous – not to be used in enclosed spaces All skill cards need to be  Working pumps can be loud – use hearing protection as required risk assessed prior, and  Working pumps can create strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses appropriate risk controls are secured prior to opening, and the opening of valves is controlled at a put in place to ensure smooth steady rate trainee safety  Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

 Review how pump works TRAINER NOTES  Review what pump gauges show, and what trainees need to look out for  Ensure all equipment is available and in good working order

STEPS KEY POINTS

Prepare and inspect pump  Review all equipment required for this drill 1 equipment  Review pump controls and ensure all in working order

 Use tanker pump controls, valves and gauges  Operate primer and pump Safely and  Supply water from tank to hose lines correctly use a  Change from tank to hydrant supply vehicle mounted 2 pump/tanker  Refill tank from a hydrant/tanker  Set up suction hose from tanker  Refill tank from open source  Supply water from open source

Make up and  Shut down, make up and restow equipment ready for reuse 3 restow equipment

Videos have been developed to demonstrate best practice when using pump. Please scan the QR codes or alternatively use the links:  Pumping from a tanker https://goo.gl/Pbi7ak

 Portable pump https:// goo.gl/3ZDSk6

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAIN PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 8

Pumping from a tanker

 Pump operator procedures

 Starting the pump

 Determining working level pressure

 Avoiding water hammer  Giving and interpreting hand signals  Monitoring water levels

Gauges

GAUGE IMAGE DESCRIPTION

COMPOUND  Inlet pressure is the positive or negative pressure GAUGE of the water coming into the pump  Reticulated water supply – positive pressure (INLET PRESSURE  Static water supply – negative pressure – negative pressure KPA)

PRESSURE GAUGE  Outlet pressure is the pressure of the water being delivered to the pump (OUTLET PRESSURE KPA)

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAIN PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 8

SKILL CARD 9 Attack and Supply

 E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 3 RELATED7B TRAINING  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Deploy suitable attack lines OUTCOMES8B  Supply water to tanker

TIMING9B 3 X 20 minute sessions

 Firefighting unit with water storage and pump installed  Trainees must wear appropriate PPE

RESOURCES10B  Ancillary equipment i.e. hoses, breeching piece, etc.  Suitable location to extend attack lines and a hydrant to supply water to the tanker

 Working with pumps: o Fumes – not to be used in enclosed spaces

SAFETY11B NOTES o Noise – use hearing protection as required o Strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening, All skill cards need to be and opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate risk assessed prior, and o Hoses under pressure creates pinch points – never ask candidates to use appropriate risk controls hands to unwind kinks in pressurised lines put in place to ensure  Working with water: trainee safety o Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards  Hydrants are generally located along roadways – ensure traffic management needs are met

 Review what hoses and nozzle combinations are available and what is best suited for tasks  “From the pump” methodology explained TRAINER12B NOTES  Both soft suction and to tank supply methods pros and cons explained  Practical operating pressures for attack and supply  Ensure all equipment is available

STEPS0B KEY1B POINTS

 Consider type of incident and location Select appropriate  Choose correct Hose and Branch equipment 1  Choose correct standpipe hydrant bar, breeching piece and supply lines Firefighter 1  Bowl first length from pump lays line over first outlet (from the left) and takes branch, moves the end of second length (approximate location if being bowled) and connects second length to branch, ready for water on Firefighter 2  Goes to the end of first length and deploys second length, connects couplings and follows first member to end of second length as back up Deploy method Firefighter 3 2  Takes stand pipe, breeching piece, hydrant bar and suitable supply hose to back of pump, bowls hose towards hydrant. Moves to hydrant location and ships stand pipe with breeching piece Firefighter 4  Fourth member is pump operator – connects attack line and (if possible) opens valve on pump idle to slowly charge line whilst being deployed.  Pump operator considers variables for either supply to tank or soft suction

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK AND SUPPLY V3.2 SKILL CARD 9

and chooses correct option  Pump operator connects supply line to vehicle  Pump operator liaises with member 3, and the attack line for coordination of water movements and pump pressures  Use correct method for the situation to withdraw and make up equipment Make up, reset and (Dutch roll, Banana roll) 3 restow  If hoseline or ancillary equipment is damaged or lost, report immediately to the Officer in Charge of the vehicle, the Captain or Equipment Officer

Possible layout

STEPS2B LAYOUT3B

STEP4B 1

STEP5B 2A

STEP6B 2B

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK AND SUPPLY V3.2 SKILL CARD 9

SKILL CARD 10 Suction and Attack

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 3  BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES  Deploy suitable attack lines  Supply water to tanker from an open source

TIMING 3 X 20 minute sessions

 Firefighting unit with water storage and pump installed  Trainees must wear PPE RESOURCES  Ancillary equipment i.e. hoses, nozzles and fittings, inline valves, suction hose, strainer and float, rope, tools  Suitable location to extend attack line/s and an open water source to supply water to the tanker

 Working with pumps: SAFETY NOTES o Fumes – not to be used in enclosed spaces o Noise – use hearing protection as required All skill cards need to be o Strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening, risk assessed prior, and and opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate appropriate risk controls  Working with water: put in place to ensure o Draughting from open water sources requires work in close proximity to the trainee safety edge of water  Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

 Explain “from the water source” deployment method TRAINER NOTES  Explain different issues when drafting from different water supplies  Practical operating pressures for attack and supply  Ensure all equipment is available

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Consider type of incident and location Select appropriate  Select correct Hose and Branch equipment 1  Select correct suction hose lengths, strainer, float and rope Firefighter 1  Take first suction length, strainer and float to water source, and connect strainer and float.  Connect second suction length to first length (after rope has been secured) and deploy strainer into water using the free side of the rope as a guide.  Secure rope to a fixed point, or another point on tanker, once location of strainer is correct, and then support other duties. Firefighter 2 Deploy suction  Take second suction length and rope, secure centre of rope to strainer with 2 and attack line a clove hitch  Work back along suction length with one end of the rope doing a half hitch on the water side of each coupling to take the weight of water from the suction hose  Secure end of rope line to solid support on pump with a round turn and two half hitches  Take second attack length and deploy at the end of fist attack line. Connect coupling and move towards end of second attack line to support the third member in the attack line team

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – SUCTION AND ATTACK V3.2 SKILL CARD 10

Firefighter 3  Deploy third and fourth length of suction hose. Connects to second line as firefighter 2 uses half hitches on water side of couplings.  Begin deploying attack line (first line and branch) Firefighter 4 (pump operator)  Connect suction line to suction inlet, when suction hose is deployed open suction hose valve and pull water through suction hose to prime main pump  Liaise the attack line/s for coordination of water movements including attack and refill  Use correct method to withdraw and make up equipment (Dutch roll, Banana Make up, reset and roll) 3 restow  Report any damaged or lost hoseline or ancillary equipment to the Officer in Charge of the vehicle you are in, the Captain or Equipment Officer

Possible layout

STEPS LAYOUT

STEP 1

STEP 2

A video demonstrating best practice when deploying suction and attack lines is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – SUCTION AND ATTACK V3.2 SKILL CARD 10

SKILL CARD 11 Portable Pump

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Firefighting Equipment 3  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Move water into and out of a water supply using a portable pump and OUTCOMES associated accessories, incorporating the following activities: o Draughting water from an open source o Supplying water from the water source to a location via 38mm hose

TIMING 2 X 20 minute sessions

 Portable pump RESOURCES  Ancillary equipment i.e. suction hose, strainer, rope, hoses, nozzles and fittings  Location with open water source  Working with pumps o Fumes – not to be used in enclosed spaces SAFETY NOTES o Noise – use hearing protection as required o Strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening, All skill cards need to be and opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate risk assessed prior, and o Manual handling - portable pumps are heavy ensure manual handling appropriate risk controls practices are followed. put in place to ensure  Working with water trainee safety o Draughting from open water sources requires work in close proximity to the edge of water o Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

 Review how pump works TRAINER NOTES  Review what gauges are for  Ensure all equipment is available and in good working order

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Locate portable pump on tanker Prepare and  Two person carry for pump, one person carry for suction hose lengths, inspect pump strainer and float, rope and two lengths 38mm hose with suitable equipment branch/nozzle 1  Check

o fuel and oil levels and make sure the pump casing is primed o ignition switch is in the ‘on’ position  Pull the choke on and turn on the throttle.  Connect strainer to suitable lengths of suction hose to enter and submerge in water source.  Use strainer/rope for situating strainer at correct depth under water to remove suction vortex and reduce uptake of material from water source  Connect suction hose to inlet pipe on portable pump, and use start up Use a portable procedures to start pump. Start the pump as you would start a lawn mower, pump to draught with delivery open to allow air in the suction hose to escape. 2 water  Connect hoseline to outlet (one line two lengths with branch). Ensure hose line team ready to accept water – open valve to supply water.  Watch for water moving up and ensure suction line remains straight  Use rope with half hitches at each coupling and a clove hitch on the strainer– the other end of the rope can be tied off on the pump frame.  Use portable pump to fill buoy wall, main pump tank, noting time for fill

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PORTABLE PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 11

 Shut down, make up and restow equipment ready for reuse. Flush the pump Make up and if using turbid/salt water, refuel and check oil levels. restow equipment 3

A video has been developed to demonstrate best practice when using a portable pump. Please scan the QR code or alternatively use the link:  Portable pump https:// goo.gl/3ZDSk6

Portable pumps

 Supplying vehicles with water from

static supplies

 Locating portable pump on vehicle  Portable pump operations and equipment incl. strainer, float and suction hose  Checking fuel and oil levels  Connecting hoses  Pump start up

Ancillary Equipment

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PORTABLE PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 11

SKILL CARD 12 Hand tools

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Bush Fire Attack 2  BF Manual Chapter 3 & 4

 Inspect McLeod tool, and Axe for safe use OUTCOMES  Test the equipment to ensure operational readiness  Use the equipment safely  Clean and maintain the equipment

TIMING 15 minute session

RESOURCES  McLeod tool, brush hook, axe  Hand file, tools and cleaning rag

SAFETY NOTES

All skill cards need to be  Ensure safe work practices have been covered (incl. techniques to carry the risk assessed prior, and tools from the appliance to the location where they are being used) appropriate risk controls  Ensure PPE is issued to trainees put in place to ensure  Consider safety officer or instructor to trainee ratio trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES  Ensure permissions if using tools to undertake actual works  Using a designated HR site is ideal

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Inspect all connection points on the tool including bolts and lugs for correct Prepare and tightness 1 inspect equipment  Visually inspect the cutting edge of each tool  Inspect the handles for wear and tear

Test the  Manoeuvre the head of each tool to check stability 2 equipment  Practice safe techniques for moving through an area where hand tools are being used Individually  Use the McLeod tool to cut a mineral earth trail of 1m long x 30cm wide  Use the brush hook to cut a clearance through intermediate shrubs that is Use the equipment 2m long x 1m wide 3 In a team (max 4)  Use the step up technique to cut a trail 10m long x 1m wide to be used for HR access or a control line  Use the one lick method to cut a trail 10m long x 1m wide to be used for HR access or a control line  Inspect equipment for wear and tear Clean and  Secure equipment for sharpening maintain the 4 equipment  Sharpen tools to required standard  Re-stow equipment

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HAND TOOLS V3.2 SKILL CARD 12

Points for reference

METHOD IMAGE

STEP UP

Used for constructing a control line when crew size is up to 10 or 12

ONE LICK

Used for constructing a control line when crew size is greater than 12 firefighters

SHARPENING

A video demonstrating best practice when using hand tools is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HAND TOOLS V3.2 SKILL CARD 12

SKILL CARD 13 Knapsacks

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 1  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Inspect knapsack for safe use OUTCOMES  Test the equipment to ensure operational readiness  Use the equipment safely  Clean and maintain the equipment

TIMING 10 minute session

RESOURCES  Knapsack

SAFETY NOTES

All skill cards need to be  Always check the equipment prior to training to identify and faults risk assessed prior, and  Ensure safe lifting techniques appropriate risk controls  Adjust the shoulder straps to secure the knapsack put in place to ensure trainee safety

 Explain, model and have trainees practice using the knapsack (using an item such as a witches hat as a target) TRAINER NOTES  Detail appropriate use of knapsacks  Discuss maintenance methods

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Inspect all connection points and straps Prepare and  Inspect all o-rings inspect equipment 1  Adjust straps to fit correctly

Test the  Test pump for ease of action 2 equipment  Open and close nozzle

 Place knapsack on your shoulders with the assistance of another trainee Use the equipment  Operate the knapsack on a jet and spray setting 3  Remove the knapsack and refill  Loosen and check straps Clean and  Inspect for dust and dirt, clean if necessary maintain the  Lubricate pump action plunger rod 4 equipment  Restow on appliance

A video demonstrating best practice when using a knapsack is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – KNAPSACKS V3.2 SKILL CARD 13

Knapsack

Points for discussion

WHEN TO USE HOW TO USE MAINTENANCE

On the fireground you can use The hand piece has a nozzle Knapsack need to be kept a knapsack to: that can be adjusted to give: clean:

 Make a direct attack on a low  Either a straight jet for long  Pump plungers need to be intensity flank fire distance work, or regularly lubricated  Support a hand tool crew  A fantail spray for close work.  Valves and other

who are constructing a The fantail method uses components need to be control line close to the fire water more economically and cleaned to work properly edge effectively when a firefighter  Procedures for the  Assist in mopping up is working close to a fire maintenance of knapsacks operations can be found on MyRFS >> Info about >> Assets and equipment

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – KNAPSACKS V3.2 SKILL CARD 13

SKILL CARD 14 Combination Ladder

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Firefighting equipment 4  BF Manual Chapter 3

 Locate combination ladder OUTCOMES  Deploy combination ladder  Re-stow combination ladder

TIMING 15 minute session

RESOURCES  Vehicle with combination ladder

SAFETY NOTES  Removing from operational vehicles may involve climbing – three All skill cards need to be points of contact are to be maintained whilst ascending/descending risk assessed prior, and  Conduct this activity in an area that is clear of power lines, trip hazards and appropriate risk controls other obstacles put in place to ensure  Risk of finger injury – pinch points trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES  Demonstrate safe and appropriate techniques first

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Locate combination ladder and remove from vehicle (work as a team) Locate and deploy  Trainee 1 & 2 open and carry to location, or carry then open at the location combination  Open ladder (open hinge lock by pushing in both sides whilst opening to 1 ladder straight position, open pawls on ladder strings and extend ladder fully, replace pawls into strings to lock)  Check for over head hazards, then face the feet of the ladder (feet) towards the wall where the ladder will be raised  Trainee 1 places toe of boots on the feet; Trainee 2 raises the ladder slowly from the top of the ladder (head) until it’s at a 90 degree angle to the ground. Both trainees steady the ladder and lower it to the wall. Raise combination  Ensure that there are no less than three (and no more than 5) rungs ladder to use as a extended beyond the landing 2 straight ladder  Trainee 1 positions their feet against the front feet of the ladder and stretches arms out to the rung at shoulder height to check angle  To reset, both trainees lift the ladder off the wall to a 90 degree angle and carefully move the ladder towards or away from the structure and then reset to the desired position  Trainee 1 foots ladder with one boot and one arm on a stringer until Trainee 2 has cleared the first few rungs. Trainee 1 then re-positions with both boots and both arms at the front of the ladder  Trainee 2 must maintain three points of contact and place their hands on the Ascending the rungs of the ladder (not the strings) while ascending ladder 3  Trainee 2 ascends to a height that allows them to view the roof/area, or be able to clear gutters of debris within reach whilst maintaining three points of contact. Use a secure anchor point around the top third of the ladder and tie off using a clove hitch knot.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – COMBINATION LADDER V3.2 SKILL CARD 14

 Trainee 2 calls “descending” so as to alert other trainees below and ensure Descending a that the ladder is footed for descent 4 ladder  Trainee One calls out “3-2-1” to guide Trainee 2 down the final rungs and onto the ground  Trainee 1 still footing the ladder, pulls the ladder to 90 degrees  Trainee 2 stands behind the ladder (closest to wall), foots the ladder and holds a rung  Trainee 1 then slowly walks back holding the rungs of the ladder as it is Lower the ladder lowered to the ground and set to an ‘A’  Once on the ground, pull the pawls and reduce the length of the ladder, then 5 frame reinsert the pawls into the stringers to lock  Push the hinge locks to release and fold one end of the ladder towards the other to create an ‘A’  Trainees 1 & 2 then lift the ladder into position and double check that the locks are secure  Collapse ladder, and carry the ladder to the appliance  Trainees 1 & 2 climb into position to receive the ladder Make up and re-  Two trainees pass the ladder to the trainees on the appliance* 6 stow  Fit the ladder into position and secure with the strap, check secure.

*Note: This requires another two trainees/members to assist

Diagrams for reference

A video demonstrating best practice when using combination ladder is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – COMBINATION LADDER V3.2 SKILL CARD 14

SKILL CARD 15 Driptorches

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Modules - Hazard Reduction & Bush Fire Attack 3  BF Manual Chapters 4 & 5

 Prepare and inspect equipment OUTCOMES  Simulate use of a driptorch in a back burn/hazard reduction situation  Problem solve flow issues  Store driptorch TIMING 30 minute session  Driptorch RESOURCES  Driptorch fuel  Fireground radios

SAFETY NOTES  Be aware of any build up pressure in driptorch – release carefully All skill cards need to be  Be aware of fuel spillage onto PPE (gloves/pants/jacket) risk assessed prior, and  Be aware of surrounding vegetation/fire risk when lighting appropriate risk controls  Have suitable fire extinguishing equipment ready put in place to ensure trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES  When using driptorches during burns it is a 2 person lighting party minimum. They must always be in contact with the officer in charge

STEPS KEY POINTS

 Unscrew filler cap Prepare and  Fill tank no more than ¾ full with pre-mixed fuel (3 part diesel 1 part petrol) 1 inspect equipment  Replace filler cap, checking ‘o’ ring is in place and sealed correctly  Wipe off any spilt fuel  Switch fuel tap on  Loosen air vent screw  Tilt driptorch so that wand is pointing towards ground  Let fuel drip from nozzle onto the wick Use driptorch 2  Use match/lighter to light driptorch  Adjust air vent screw to control flow of fuel  Demonstrate spot lighting and line lighting  Tilt torch upright to stop flow of fuel  Check sufficient fuel Problem solve  Check air vent open enough 3 flow issues  Check for blockages by removing nozzle (with spanner) and check wand is clear of debris  Switch fuel tap off  Close air vent Store driptorch 4  Check ignition wick is extinguished  Place driptorch in upright position and allow to cool

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – DRIPTORCHES V3.2 SKILL CARD 15

Drip torch

Lighting methods

SPOT/ STRIP LIGHTING

A fire lit in spots or short strips will take some

time to build up. Most prescribed burns will use

fire lit in spots or strips to keep the fire well

under control and to stay within the intensity specified

LINE / LAYERING LIGHTING A fire lit in a continuous line will build up to its full intensity very quickly

A video demonstrating best practice when using a drip torch is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – DRIPTORCHES V3.2 SKILL CARD 15

SKILL CARD 16 Overrun Drill

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Bush Fire Attack 3  BF Manual Chapter 4  Use communication methods for possible overrun situation  Explain likely signs an overrun is about to occur OUTCOMES  Demonstrate/explain the sequence of safety events within an overrun  Demonstrate knowledge of the equipment required and how to use effectively TIMING 20 minutes

 Suitable vehicle with fire blankets, spray bars and heat shields (if fitted), RESOURCES extinguisher and communications equipment  Trainees to wear PPE

SAFETY NOTES  The activity requires the trainees to move as quickly as possible to the All skill cards need to be vehicle – this is to be simulated in a controlled manner to ensure safety risk assessed prior, and  The drill requires trainees to don all PPE and huddle under fire blankets – appropriate risk controls this is a hot and strenuous activity. Trainees will require hydration and a put in place to ensure cooling off period prior to moving onto another drill trainee safety

 Refer to SOP 12 A Emergency procedures  Set up vehicle as if at a normal fire (i.e. at least one line, two lengths with an appropriate branch/nozzle) TRAINER NOTES  Ensure communications systems are set appropriately for use in this drill (i.e. use fireground channel not local FIRECOM network)  If the vehicle has further safety equipment (heat shields, crew protection spray bars etc.) this should be incorporated into drills  Demonstrate emergency warning signal

STEPS KEY POINTS

Review and set up  Respond to 3 blasts of the horn by returning to the truck and enter cab 1 equipment  Put on all PPE (including flashhood)  Trainees give appropriate radio message to FIRECOM (simulated)  Trainees use protective equipment on vehicle (blankets, heat shields, spraybars, etc.) Run overrun drill 2  Operate emergency lights and headlights  Post overrun, the pump may not be serviceable – Trainees simulate use of fire extinguishers to put out any fire on the vehicle and keep fire blankets with them to use if needed

Make up and  Return all equipment to original condition 3 restow equipment

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – OVERRUN DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 16

Points for reference

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN ORDER TO SURVIVE IN LIFE

THREATENING CONDITIONS IN FIREFIGHTING VEHICLES

 Park vehicles in an open space or burnt ground (if possible), close all vents and windows and leave engine running  Pump operator maintains water delivery along hoselines until hose operators signal for water off, or the hose line teams are accounted for

A video demonstrating best practice when running the overrun drill is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – OVERRUN DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 16

SKILL CARD 17 Extinguishers

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module First Attack Firefighting  BF Manual Chapter 1  Identify different types of extinguisher  Select appropriate extinguisher for class of fire OUTCOMES  Inspect prior to use, identifying safety pin and seal, date stamp and charge level  Use fire extinguisher effectively and safely TIMING 10 minute session

RESOURCES  Water, Dry Chemical, CO2 fire extinguishers  If using fire pans, live fire plans to be completed and approved prior to use

SAFETY NOTES

 If using live fire, follow live fire SOPs All skill cards need to be  CO2 can cause cold burns if applied directly to skin risk assessed prior, and appropriate risk controls  Extinguishers are bulky ensure manual handling practices are followed put in place to ensure  Trainees must wear PPC when using extinguishers trainee safety

 Review different types of extinguisher, and most suitable for different classes TRAINER NOTES of fires  Understand what extinguisher is to be used on what material  Confirm PASS method

STEPS KEY POINTS

Prepare  Select appropriate extinguisher for class of fire equipment  Inspect extinguisher prior to use (read test plate, check nozzle, pin and 1 for use pressure gauge)  Use appropriate extinguisher on fire/simulated fire using the PASS method: o Pull pin and test away from fire, Use extinguisher 2 o Aim at base of fire, o Squeeze handle, o Sweep along base of fire

 Reset equipment, and separate used and unused extinguishers Reset equipment 3  Ensure no used extinguishers go back on operational vehicles

A video demonstrating best practice when using extinguishers is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – EXTINGUISHERS V3.2 SKILL CARD 17

Extinguisher chart

CLASS OF FIRE A B C (E) F

Ordinary Fire involving Flammable and Fire involving combustibles Flammable energised TYPE OF FIRE combustible cooking oils and (wood, paper gases electrical liquids fats plastics) equipment

TYPE COLOUR SUITABILITY

WATER Y N N N N

WET CHEMICAL Y N N N Y

ALCOHOL RESISTANT FOAM Y Y N N N

AFFF TYPE FOAM Y Y N N N

AB(E) DRY CHEMICAL POWDER Y Y Y Y N

B(E) DRY CHEMICAL POWDER N Y Y Y Y

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) Y Y N Y Y

HALON (1211) BCF VAPOURISING Y Y Y Y N LIQUID

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – EXTINGUISHERS V3.2 SKILL CARD 17

SKILL CARD 18 Ropes and knots

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 3 & 4  BF Manual Chapter3

Use ropes to secure: OUTCOMES  Suction hose lines supporting the weight of water  Items to be lifted

TIMING 2 X 20 minute sessions

 Lengths of rope  Ancillary equipment i.e. suction hose, strainer, rope, hoses, nozzles and RESOURCES fittings, axe and extinguishers  Location with suitable height separation (i.e. second floor balcony/crew area of CAT1/7)

SAFETY NOTES  Working at height exposes risk of falls – ensure appropriate railings and safety mechanisms in place All skill cards need to be  Slipping ropes can cause rope burns – ensure gloves are used risk assessed prior, and  Lifting appropriate risk controls o ensure appropriate lifting techniques are used put in place to ensure o Lifting objects overhead raises the risk of head injuries – ensure helmets are trainee safety used during this exercise

TRAINER NOTES  Review how ropes, lines and knots are used to secure and haul items  Ensure all equipment is available

STEPS KEY POINTS

Prepare and  Inspect equipment required for this drill inspect rope and 1 equipment  Review and ensure rope and all equipment are in working order

 Use a clove hitch to secure one end of rope to fixed location  Use rope to secure suction hose (half hitches at each coupling and clove Safely and hitch in the centre of the rope line at the strainer to take weight of water off correctly use the couplings, one end of rope secured using round turn and two half hitches) right knots with a 2 rope for a variety  Use clove hitch (at centre of ropeline) and half hitch to secure axe, of circumstances extinguisher, hose to be lifted to second story. One end of rope to go to second story, one end to remain at ground level and used as a guide and to keep items away from the wall.

Make up and  Shut down, make up and restow equipment ready for reuse 3 restow equipment

A video demonstrating best practice when using ropes and knots is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ROPES AND KNOTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 18

Clove hitch

This type of knot can be used for securing a line to a suction strainer 1 2

Round turn and two half hitches

This knot can be used to lift or lower an object, particularly a round object such as a log

1 2 3

Using rope to secure suction hose

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ROPES AND KNOTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 18

SKILL CARD 19 Working with aircraft

RELATED TRAINING  E-Learning Module Bush Fire Attack 3  BF Manual Chapter 4

 Work safely around helicopters OUTCOMES  Embark and disembark a helicopter safely  Travel in a helicopter  Take action during aircraft emergency

TIMING 20 minutes

RESOURCES  1 vehicle to simulate an aircraft

SAFETY NOTES  Movement around and in and out of vehicle needs to be conducted away All skill cards need to be from other moving vehicles risk assessed prior, and  Involves simulation of approaching an aircraft with moving rotors – this will appropriate risk controls require trainees to ‘bend’ or ‘crouch’ when approaching aircraft, ensure put in place to ensure proper techniques to minimise risk of injury/strain trainee safety

 Use vehicle in cleared area to simulate aircraft. Connect seat belts to simulate aircraft standards (always left connected) TRAINER NOTES  One person to sit in driver’s seat to act as pilot  Use of an aviation trained member may be helpful

STEPS KEY POINTS

Prepare for  Move in to clear area away from any tree branches that may fall 1 helicopter landing  Identify suitable path to approach the aircraft  Signal pilot with thumbs up (pilot acknowledges signal from trainees by Approaching retuning a thumbs up) 2 aircraft  Move to “aircraft”, crouching down as they approach the rotor  Simulate being blinded by dust and sitting head down facing away from the aircraft  Open door with care  Enter aircraft and move to a seat at the direction of the pilot  Disconnect seat belt, be seated then fasten and adjust seat belt as Enter an aircraft 3 required  Secure any loose objects  Close and secure door with care  Secure any loose objects Take action during Pilot calls “brace, brace, brace” in flight  Get into brace position 4 emergency  At the direction of the pilot and flight crew, leave the aircraft  Move in an upwind direction in case of fire.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – WORKING WITH AIRCRAFT V3.2 SKILL CARD 19

Safety around helicopters

A video demonstrating best practice when working with aircraft is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – WORKING WITH AIRCRAFT V3.2 SKILL CARD 19