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Services for the Homeless in France https://archined.ined.fr Services for the homeless in France Description, official statistics, client recording of information A report for the European Commission Maryse Marpsat Version Libre accès Licence / License CC Attribution - Utilisation non commerciale - Partage dans les mêmes conditions 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA) POUR CITER CETTE VERSION / TO CITE THIS VERSION Maryse Marpsat, 2006, "Services for the homeless in France". Documents de travail, n°149, Paris : Ined. Disponible sur / Availabe at: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12204/AXDjC1uQUClQnEe2WEvE 149 DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL 2007 SERVICES FOR THE HOMELESS IN FRANCE Description, official statistics, client recording of information A report for the European Commission Maryse Marpsat Services for the homeless in France: Description, official statistics, client recording of information Maryse Marpsat1 1 The views expressed in this report are those of the author and not those of INED or any other organization. This report was written as a commissioned paper to be used by the University of Dundee in its report to the European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/2007/study_homelessness_en.pdf Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Definition of homelessness in France .................................................................................... 5 Homeless service providers.................................................................................................... 5 Approaches to the collection of official homelessness statistics............................................ 6 Approaches to service provider client record systems ........................................................... 8 Report....................................................................................................................................... 11 Part One. Definition of homelessness in France ...................................................................... 11 I. The CNIS classification of housing situations and the definition of homelessness: a historical perspective............................................................................................................ 11 I. 1 A classification of all housing situations ................................................................... 12 I. 2 “Sans domicile” ......................................................................................................... 13 I. 3 More on the historical background ............................................................................ 13 I. 4 Drawing on the US research ...................................................................................... 14 II. A few remarks on other items of the Ethos classification ............................................... 15 II. 1 Poor quality housing; overcrowding (item 13)......................................................... 15 II. 2 Domestic violence (item 10)..................................................................................... 15 An IDUP survey on women and domestic violence .................................................... 15 The National Observatory of Delinquency .................................................................. 16 The difference between domestic violence and police recorded incidents .................. 16 The difficulty of comparing data between countries on the issue of domestic violence ...................................................................................................................................... 17 An INSEE survey on victimization in 2007................................................................. 17 II. 3 People living temporarily with family/friends (item 8.1)......................................... 17 II. 4 Other remarks ........................................................................................................... 18 Part Two. Homeless service providers..................................................................................... 18 I. Homeless service providers: an overview......................................................................... 18 II. Databases and directories ................................................................................................ 21 II. 1 National directories: examples ................................................................................. 22 1. The FNARS directory .............................................................................................. 22 2. An example of a national directory on line.............................................................. 22 II. 2 Local directories: examples ...................................................................................... 24 1. The directory maintained by the ORS (Regional Observatory of Health) of the Ile- de-France region........................................................................................................... 24 2. The Guide Solidarité Paris 2006 .............................................................................. 26 II. 3 The FINESS database............................................................................................... 28 Part Three. Approaches to data collection of official statistics on homelessness .................... 30 I. ES Survey by the Ministry of Social Affairs .................................................................... 31 II. The National Survey of users of shelters and hot meal distributions (SD2001) by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies ......................................................... 32 I. 1 The SD2001 survey.................................................................................................... 32 I. 2 The INED survey on the limits of the INSEE SD2001 survey (non-French speaking homeless persons, people contacted by outreach services).............................................. 34 III. Census and other surveys by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies35 III. 1 Hotels, makeshift shelters, furnished rooms, etc..................................................... 35 III. 2 Rough sleeping in the new Census.......................................................................... 36 III. 3 Hostels and shelters for the homeless in the Census............................................... 36 IV. Statistical recording by the DGAS (and DPM).............................................................. 37 2 Part Four. Approaches to service provider client record systems ............................................ 38 I. SAMU Social de Paris and the 115 in Paris...................................................................... 39 Questionnaire about the SAMU Social’s client record system........................................ 39 1 . Approach to Data Collection.............................................................................. 39 2 . Data Items / Elements ........................................................................................ 39 3 . Data Processing and Quality Issues ................................................................... 40 4 . Technical / IT Issues .......................................................................................... 40 5 . Management Issues ............................................................................................ 41 6 . Monitoring and Evaluation issues...................................................................... 41 II. 115 in the provinces......................................................................................................... 42 III. The observation system established by ORSAS-Lorraine ............................................. 42 III. 1 The context for the implementation of the system.................................................. 42 III. 2 The observation method.......................................................................................... 43 A system based on an “entry” form and an “exit” form............................................... 43 The types of agencies covered by the system .............................................................. 44 III. 3 Results from analysis based on this method............................................................ 44 Studying the characteristics of stays ............................................................................ 44 Studying the characteristics of people sheltered .......................................................... 44 Dynamic study.............................................................................................................. 45 III. 4 Difficulties that have arisen since the system was established ............................... 45 Difficulties encountered by emergency shelters .......................................................... 45 A supplementary but not complementary workload .................................................... 45 The forms were filled out by staff with different levels of training............................. 46 Problems of ethics ........................................................................................................ 46 A very low budget in relation to the workload............................................................. 46 Conflict between “policy” demands and research........................................................ 46 III. 5 Solutions proposed or enacted to address some of the
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