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Mapping Diasporas in the European Union and Appendix 2: Diaspora characteristics - level and exposure by receiving

Jirka Taylor, Jennifer Rubin, Corrado Giulietti, Chris Giacomantonio, Flavia Tsang, Amelie Constant, Linguere Mbaye, Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kristy Kruithof, Mafalda Pardal, Alex Hull, Tess Hellgren

Prepared for the European Commission, Directorate General Home Affairs For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/rr671

Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge, UK

© European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

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www.rand.org www.rand.org/randeurope Diaspora characteristics - level and exposure by receiving countries

Level

Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00

Morocco

Turkey India Pakistan

Iraq Belgium

Syria Austria Philippines Tunisia Afghanistan

Syria Algeria Egypt Somalia Ethiopia Sri Lanka Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Egypt

Syria Bulgaria

India Turkey

Iraq

Pakistan

Turkey

Sudan Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00

Somalia Turkey Iraq Iraq Turkey Pakistan Afghanistan India Philippines Afghanistan Somalia Philippines India Morocco Sri Lanka Denmark

Ethiopia Finland Morocco Pakistan Syria Kenya Ethiopia Egypt Egypt Sudan Kenya Uganda Sri Lanka Algeria Algeria Tunisia Tunisia Sudan Syria Libya Libya Uganda Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 500.00 1,000.00 1,500.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00

Turkey Algeria Iraq Morocco Afghanistan Morocco India

Syria Turkey Pakistan Sri Lanka Tunisia Tunisia Germany Philippines Algeria Egypt Ethiopia Sri Lanka Kenya Eritrea Somalia India Libya Yemen Pakistan Sudan Uganda Mauritania Niger Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

Pakistan

India Egypt

Syria

Turkey

Iraq Philippines Greece Ireland India

Philippines

Morocco Pakistan Algeria

Libya

Tunisia

Turkey Sri Lanka

Sudan Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00

Morocco Morocco Philippines

India India Tunisia Algeria Egypt Sri Lanka Turkey Pakistan Algeria Luxembourg Philippines Turkey

Eritrea Italy Tunisia Ethiopia Somalia Iraq Syria Afghanistan Egypt Iraq Sudan Niger Kenya Libya Ethiopia Mali Niger Pakistan Mauritania Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00

Turkey India Morocco Iraq Morocco Afghanistan Somalia India Pakistan Egypt Pakistan

Philippines Netherlands Turkey Portugal Ethiopia Sri Lanka Philippines Syria Tunisia Algeria Algeria Sudan Kenya Egypt Eritrea Uganda Libya Kenya Yemen Mauritania Tunisia Niger Mali Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00

Morocco

Pakistan

Algeria

Philippines

India

Mali

Mauritania Romania Spain Syria Turkey Egypt

Turkey

Ethiopia

Tunisia

Iraq

Kenya

Libya

Sri Lanka Level (000s) Level (000s) 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00

India Iraq Pakistan Turkey Kenya Somalia Sri Lanka Syria Philippines India Somalia Afghanistan Ethiopia Turkey Eritrea Iraq

Pakistan Sweden Afghanistan Philippines Uganda Morocco Egypt Sri Lanka Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunisia Yemen Uganda Sudan Kenya Eritrea Algeria Ethiopia Sudan Libya Libya Syria Yemen Tunisia Mali Level (000s) 0.00 500.00 1,000.00 1,500.00 2,000.00

Philippines India Pakistan Ethiopia

Iraq United StatesofAmerica Egypt Turkey Kenya Somalia Morocco Syria Afghanistan Sudan Yemen Sri Lanka Eritrea Uganda Algeria Exposure

Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

Morocco Turkey

Turkey Afghanistan India Algeria Egypt India Philippines Tunisia Pakistan Pakistan Iraq

Iraq Belgium

Syria Austria Philippines Tunisia Afghanistan Somalia

Syria Morocco Algeria Egypt Kenya Niger Sri Lanka Mauritania Sudan Somalia Ethiopia Ethiopia Libya Sri Lanka Uganda Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Egypt

Syria Bulgaria Cyprus

India Turkey

Iraq

Pakistan

Turkey

Sudan Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

Somalia Turkey Iraq Iraq Turkey Pakistan Afghanistan India Philippines Afghanistan Somalia Philippines India Morocco Sri Lanka Denmark

Ethiopia Finland Morocco Pakistan Syria Kenya Ethiopia Egypt Egypt Sudan Kenya Uganda Sri Lanka Algeria Algeria Tunisia Tunisia Sudan Syria Eritrea Libya Libya Uganda Yemen Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 0.00 0.50 1.00

Turkey Algeria Iraq Morocco Afghanistan Morocco India

Syria Turkey Pakistan Sri Lanka Tunisia Tunisia Germany France Philippines Algeria Mali Egypt Ethiopia Sri Lanka Kenya Eritrea Somalia India Libya Yemen Pakistan Sudan Uganda Mauritania Niger Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Pakistan

India Egypt

Syria

Turkey

Iraq Philippines Greece Ireland India

Philippines

Morocco Pakistan Algeria

Libya

Tunisia

Turkey Sri Lanka

Sudan Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80

Morocco Morocco Philippines

India India Tunisia Algeria Egypt Sri Lanka Turkey Pakistan Algeria Luxembourg Philippines Turkey

Eritrea Italy Tunisia Ethiopia Somalia Iraq Syria Afghanistan Egypt Iraq Sudan Niger Kenya Libya Ethiopia Mali Niger Pakistan Mauritania Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50

Turkey India Morocco Iraq Morocco Afghanistan Somalia India Pakistan Egypt Pakistan

Philippines Netherlands Turkey Portugal Ethiopia Sri Lanka Philippines Syria Tunisia Algeria Algeria Sudan Kenya Egypt Eritrea Uganda Libya Kenya Yemen Mauritania Tunisia Niger Mali Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01

Morocco

Pakistan

Algeria

Philippines

India

Mali

Mauritania Romania Spain Syria Turkey Egypt

Turkey

Ethiopia

Tunisia

Iraq

Kenya

Libya

Sri Lanka Exposure (%) Exposure (%) 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50

India Iraq Pakistan Turkey Kenya Somalia Sri Lanka Syria Philippines India Somalia Afghanistan Ethiopia Turkey United Kingdom Eritrea Iraq

Pakistan Sweden Afghanistan Philippines Uganda Morocco Egypt Sri Lanka Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunisia Yemen Uganda Sudan Kenya Eritrea Algeria Ethiopia Sudan Libya Libya Syria Yemen Tunisia Mali Exposure (%) 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

Philippines India Pakistan Ethiopia

Iraq United StatesofAmerica Egypt Turkey Kenya Somalia Morocco Syria Afghanistan Sudan Yemen Sri Lanka Eritrea Uganda Algeria