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Impacts of Maasvlakte 2 on the Wadden Sea and North Sea Coastal

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Impacts of Maasvlakte 2 on the Wadden Sea and North Sea Coastal Impacts of Maasvlakte 2 on the Wadden Sea and North Sea coastal zone Track 1: Detailed modelling research Part IV: Fish Larvae Baseline study MEP Maasvlakte 2 Lot 3b: Fish Larvae Clients: Port of Rotterdam & National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management /RIKZ 28 October 2005 Final Report RIVO Report nr. C072/05 Royal Haskoning 9R2847.A0 Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research (RIVO) RIVO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research P.O. Box 68 Centre for Shellfish Research NL 1970 AB Ymuiden P.O. Box 77 The Netherlands NL 4400 AB Yerseke Phone: +31 255 564646 The Netherlands Fax: +31 255 564644 Phone: +31 113 672300 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +31 113 573477 Internet: www.rivo.wageningen-ur.nl Report Number: C072/05 Transport of Fish Larvae in the Southern North Sea. Impacts of Maasvlakte 2 on the Wadden Sea and North Sea coastal zone. Track 1: Detailed modelling research. Part IV: Fish Larvae. Baseline study MEP Maasvlakte 2. Lot 3b: Fish Larvae. Loes J. Bolle1, Mark Dickey-Collas1, Paul L.A. Erftemeijer2, Jan K.L. van Beek2, Henrice M. Jansen1, Jakob Asjes1, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp1, Hans J. Los2 1 RIVO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research, 2 WL | Delft Hydraulics Commissioned by: Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee (RIKZ) P.O. Box 20907 2500 EX The Hague Havenbedrijf Rotterdam NV P.O. Box 6622 3002 AP Rotterdam Project numbers: 3281229504 & 3281229506 Contract numbers: RKZ-1503 & 9R2847 Approved by: drs. E. Jagtman Head of Research Organization Signature: __________________________ Date: 28 October 2005 Since the first of June 1999 the foundation DLO Number of copies: 100 (Agricultural Research Number of pages: 144 Department) is no longer part Number of tables: 20 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Number of figures: 80 Nature and Food Quality. We Number of annexes: 3 are registered in trade register of the Chamber of Commerce Amsterdam no. 34135929 VAT The management of the RIVO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research accepts no responsibility for the follow-up no. NL 811383696B04 damage as well as detriment originating from the application of operational results, or other data acquired from the RIVO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research from third party risks in connection with this application. This report is drafted at the request of the commissioner indicated above and is his property. Nothing from this report may be reproduced and/or published by print, photoprint microfilm or any other means without the previous written consent from the commissioner of the study. Page 2 Report C072/05 Table of Contents Table of Contents...............................................................................................................2 Summary........................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Background to the study ................................................................................. 6 1.2 Baseline MEP-MV2 and PB-MV2 studies ............................................................ 7 1.3 Problem definition........................................................................................... 8 1.4 Choice of fish species..................................................................................... 8 1.5 Objectives...................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Reading guide ................................................................................................ 9 2 Biology of the species............................................................................................. 10 2.1 Herring ........................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 The population dynamics..................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Spawning and hatching ....................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Larval transport and behaviour............................................................. 10 2.1.4 Larval growth ..................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 Nursery areas .................................................................................... 11 2.2 Plaice .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Spawning ........................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Egg and larval development................................................................. 13 2.2.3 Egg and larval transport behaviour....................................................... 14 2.2.4 Nursery areas .................................................................................... 14 2.2.5 The population dynamics..................................................................... 14 2.3 Sole............................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 Spawning ........................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Egg and larval development................................................................. 17 2.3.3 Egg and larval transport behaviour....................................................... 17 2.3.4 Nursery areas .................................................................................... 18 2.3.5 The population dynamics..................................................................... 18 3 Model design.......................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Hydrodynamic model .................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Advection-diffusion model .................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Model grid resolution .......................................................................... 20 3.1.3 Hydrodynamic forcing ......................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Calibration and validation hydrodynamics.............................................. 22 3.1.5 Comparison ZUNOGROF and ZUNO-DD ................................................. 23 Report C072/05 Page 3 3.2 Modelling fish eggs and larvae .......................................................................29 3.2.1 Finite-volume method versus particle-tracking ........................................29 3.2.2 Herring ...............................................................................................30 3.2.3 Flatfish................................................................................................30 3.2.4 Technical description of processes and parameters...............................31 3.3 Scenario’s.....................................................................................................38 3.4 Analyses of model output...............................................................................38 4 Baseline study .........................................................................................................40 4.1 Herring .........................................................................................................40 4.1.1 Effect of phase....................................................................................40 4.1.2 Effect of amplitudes.............................................................................40 4.1.3 Effect of behavioural stage...................................................................41 4.1.4 Effect of temperature ..........................................................................41 4.1.5 Effect of 10 layer model ......................................................................42 4.1.6 Effect of zooplankton on horizontal movement.......................................42 4.1.7 Inter-annual variability...........................................................................42 4.1.8 Summary ............................................................................................44 4.2 Plaice ...........................................................................................................66 4.2.1 Spawning grounds...............................................................................66 4.2.2 Horizontal dispersion rate ....................................................................66 4.2.3 Transport mechanisms ........................................................................67 4.2.4 Definition of stst behaviour ...................................................................67 4.2.5 Duration transport ...............................................................................67 4.2.6 Growth parameters..............................................................................68 4.2.7 Spawning period..................................................................................69 4.2.8 Inter-annual variability...........................................................................69 4.2.9 Summary ............................................................................................70 4.3 Sole .............................................................................................................87 4.3.1 Spawning grounds...............................................................................87 4.3.2 Transport
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