! (,'I I I.

AUGUST 4, 1972 25 CENTS

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

laarly 100 auandad national antiwar convenuon In L.A. Protests against bombing ol dikes sailor Aug.5-9. ..__ By NORTON SANDLER from the West Coast, but there were approved by the overwhelming ma­ An effort by some McGovern sup­ and HARRY RING individuals and delegations from 23 jority of the gathering, recommended porters to have the conference com­ LOS ANGELES- The national anti­ states. that NPAC maintain its nonpartisan mit itself to supporting McGovern's war co~rence held here July 21-23 Convention organizers vie~ed ·the stand toward the elections. This stand presidential bid sparked heated debate voted to organize nationwide demon­ gathering as a major· gain for anti­ is essential, the proposal declared, if on NPAC's nonpartisan electoral· strations against the· Vietnam war 9n war forces. They regarded the atten­ NPAC is to continue to organize mas­ stand. Oct 26 and Nov. 18. The convention, dance as very good for the first na­ sive street demonstrations against the Originally, some McGovern support­ tional antiwar conference to be held called by the National Peace Action war. ers considered presenting a resolution Coalition (NPAC), also ratified plans on the West Coast, particularly since The proposal recognized that NPAC calling for the conference to endorse it took place in midsummer. It also for making the Aug. 5-9 Hiroshima­ embraces a broad range of political their candidate. Recognizing there was . Nagasaki commemorative demonstra­ came within two weeks of the Dem­ views. For that reason, it stated, en­ scant prospect that such a resolution tions emergency actions against the ocratic Party convention, which bad dorsing any particular candidate would be adopted, they modl:fied it U.S. bombing of North Vietnamese been a focal point for many antiwar would only serve to destroy. NPAC's by stages. On the final morning of dikes. activists. )character as a coalition and render the conference they presented a res­ Nearly 700 people participated ·in The question of how the antiwar it ineffective as a unifying force for olution calling on the gathering to the two-day convention, which was movement should -relate to th~ pres­ opponents of the war. The proposal endorse a "defeat Nixon" strategy. held at the University of C_alifornia idential elections was a center of de­ calls for picket lines at federal build­ · This resolution was introduced after at Los Angeles (UCLA). Several hun­ bate for the convention. ings Oct 26 as a springboard for the principal action proposal, which dred more attended a rally on the The action proposal introduced by demonstrations in major cities Nov. clearly stated NPAC's nonpartisan eve- of the gathering. Most people came NPAC's national coordinators, and 18. Continued on page 4

Massive British strike frees dockers/3 Hugo Blanco arrested in Argentina/5 - . Whafs happening to Democratic Party?/12 ' I

VOLUME 36/NUMBER 30 "I COME TO VIETNAM AS A COMRADE": Actress , CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS WIN RELEASE FROM THIS Jane Fonda arrived in Hanoi on July 8 at the invita­ ALTERNATE SERVICE: Several adverse court rulings tion of a North Vietnamese peace committee and greeted have forced the Selective Service System to release more her hosts with the above declaration. After she broad­ than 2,000 conscientious objectors from any obligation WEEK'S cast her solidarity with the Vietnamese to U.S. service­ to perform alternative service. men, Georgia Representative Fletcher Thompson called The American Civil Liberties Union successfully argued MILITANT on the U. S. attorney general to bring charges of treason that under Selective Service regulations, conscientious ob­ against her. jectors could only be called for duty when other men 3 Britain: massive strike The antiwar activist responded that the real traifors were are being drafted. answers arrests those like Nixon, "who is cotnmitting the most heinous The decision affects all objectors who were ordered to 5 N.Y. women's march, crimes I think have ever been committed.;, ' report for work from the middle of last November until Aug. 25 Fonda told the Vietnamese: "My life has changed over the end of March this year, a period when no draftees the past few years because of my recognizing the hypoc- were ordered to report for military duty. 8 Berkeley city workers ' strike HERE'S TO YOUR HEALTH: A recent suit by the Amer­ 9 Demonstrations mark ican Public Health Association sought to force the U.S. Texas Dow strike government ·to drop its "U.S. Inspected for Wholesome­ ness" seal on .fresh meat and to substitute warnings that 10 Dollar problems con- . the meat might contain harmful germs. tinue A New England Journal of Medicine study found sal­ 11 Militant index: useful monella germs, the leading cause of food poisoning, in research guide 50.8 percent of government-inspected poultry they checked. 13 Labor officials and Mc­ The U.S. Agricultural Department ranks food poisoning as second only to the common cold as the most frequent Govern cause of illness in this country. It is estimated that 2 14 Jenness condemns 'million Americans are stricken with it every year. Most Boston cops recover quickly. The aged and the very young can die. 15 Jenness fights for Ohio ballot status ARGENTINA 72: OPPRESSION, REPRESSION, TOR­ 16 N.Y. SWP collects over TURE: This pamphlet reveals the conditions in which preparations are being made for the 1973 elections called 45,000 signatures in ·by the Lanusse regime in Argentina.. It contains testi­ week mony, news summaries, letters from prison, and articles 17 Liberation struggle of o,n other Latin American countries, including Brazil, Bo- Quebec workers livia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. ; , 18 Thousands starve in The pamphlet is published in French by the Committee Afghanistan to Defend Argentine Political Prisoners, cjo Marguerite Duras, 15 impasse de Mont Tonnerre, Paris 15, France. 19 New American Mov't Price: $1.25 postpaid. The committee also publishes an 'abstains from mass Jane Fonda information bulletin that can be ordered for 25 cents action from the same address. 21 British army invades ri.sy and criminality of a succession of U.S. governments, ACLU BLASTS MAYDAY ARRESTS: The U.S. gov­ ghettos particuhirly with regard to Vietnam. Along with tens of 24 Ellsberg jury seated thousands of other Americans of all ages and classes, ernment and. Washington, D. C., police acted to suspend certain provisions of the Constitution during the May­ this new consciousness was awakened by the Vietnamese people. Your struggle, courage, culture have forced us ·day antiwar protests in May 1971, says the American Civil Liberties Union. An 81-page report prepared by to recognize certain truths about our country and what 2 In Brief the ACLU charges that most_of the 13,000 people ar- will be necessary to change it." 6 In Our Opinion Letters VIETNAM STILL BIGGEST ISSUE AMONG U.S. STU­ 7 The Great Society DENTS: According to· the latest Campus Opinion poll, By Any Means taken in June, 29 percent of those questioned cited Viet­ Necessary n~m as their greatest concern. This compares with 24 percent in October 1971. ,The environment was the second 9 The National Picket Line greatest area of concern, with 1 7 percent. 18 The Militant Gets Around 20 In Review ORLANDO, FLA., GETS IT TOGETHER: Militant reader· Mark Shafraski reports that the newly formed Orlando Peace Action Co~;tlition sponsored a teach-in on July 4 WORLD OUTLOOK that was attended by more than 600 people. It was the first organized antiwar action in Orlando in three years. · 1 U.S. Senate OKs aid to Another teach-in is planned for Aug. 5. Hiroshima-Naga­ Brazil saki memorial actions are scheduled for Aug. 6, 7, 8, 2 Yugoslav students face and 9, including a picket· of Cape Kennedy on Aug. 6. trial 3 'Samizdat' writers pro­ HEALTH OFFICIALS HAVE 'SERIOUS DOUBTS'- test Bukovsky trial 40 YEARS TOO LATE: On July 25 it was revealed that 4 Interview with Brazilian the U. S. Public Health Service has used a group ~f 400 Trotskyists Black men as human guinea pigs for 40 years. The 400 men, all from Tuskegee, Ala., · and all suffering from syphilis, were given no medical treatment at ail, even A Washington cop using mace on demonstrators after penicillin became widely available. during-Mayday protests. THE MILITANT Syphilis can cause bone and dental deformations, deaf­ ness, blindness, hearf disease, and deterioration of the rested during the protests "were illegally detained, illegal­ VOLUME 36/NUMBER 30 central nervous system, often leading to insanity. The . ly charged, and deprived of their constitutional rights AUGUST 4, 1.272 study was conducted to determine from autopsies what to due process, fair trial and assistance of counsel." QOSJNG NEWS DATE-JULY 26, 1972 the disease do~ to the human·body. The report pointed out the courts' role in enabling those "As incentives to enter the program," the July 26 New arrested to be held despite lack of evidence against them. Editor: MARY-AliCE WATERS York Times relates, "the men were promised free trans­ Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS It also cited the role of the newspapers, which at first Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS portation to and from hospitals, free hot lunches, free failed to print news a bout the arrest of bystanders and Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING medicine for any disease other than syphilis and free charges of brutality. burial after autopsies were performed." District of Columbia Police Chief Jerry V. Wilson has Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass' n., Dr. J.D. Millar, who is in charge of the "study" of the in the past defended the use of mass arrests. The July 14 Charles lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Edito­ 74 men still alive out of the original 400, was quoted 24 New York Times reports that Wilson viewed as "time­ rial Office (21 2) 243-6392; Business Office (212) 929- in the Times as saying that "a serious moral problem" 3486. consuming and impractical" procedures that would have Southwest Bureau: 1107/1/2 N. Weste;n Ave., los arose when an adequate treatment for the disease became guaranteed the rights of those arrested. Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: (213) 463-1917. available." But, "Patients were not denied drugs," Dr. Second-doss postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ Millar stressed. "Rather," says the Times, "they were FAMOUS LAST WORDS: Residents of the islands in Casco scription: Domestic, $6 a year; foreign, 59. By first-doss not offered drugs." Bay in Maine were recently victimized by a 40,000 gallon moil:· domestic and Canada, $26; all other coomtries, The officials of the U.S. Public Health Service did not 542. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, $33; oil ~pill that fouled beaches, boats, and waterfowl. They comment on the effect their failure to treat these men had organized a protest, standing on their beaches with signs. latin America and Europe, $40; Africa, Australia, Asia on causing syphilis to be spread to others. Perhaps they (including USSR), f50. Write for sealed air postage One said: "Texaco, you promised this would never hap- rates. assumed that the victims would all be Black, and there- Signed articles by co.ntributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 Threat of general strike in (lreat Britain frees five impr.isoned·longshore leaders JULY 27- The threat of a general ficant step toward curbing the rising together," according to the Financial refused to cross picket lines. Students ·strike 1n Great Britain has forced the tide of labor militancy in Britain. It Times. This was the last issue of the helped on the lines and staged sup­ release .of fiv!! longshore leaders who. hasn't worked out that way: Financial Times before -it was closed port rallies. Employers ultimately were imprisoned July 21. This is a The present nationwide strike, down by the spreading strike. locked 1.6 million workers out of jobs massi~e blow against Britain's new threatening to become a general strike, in an attempt to bludgeon the miners antilabor National Industrial Rela­ was the British workers' response to back to work. But the miners gained tions Court. . . the first use of this act. to imprison The five jailed dockers were Derek a 20 percent wage increase, smashing The five dockers were jailed in an fellow laborers. Watkins, Cornelius Clancy, Anthony through the 8 percent limit. attempt to punish them for staging The dispute at issue was unautho­ Merrick, Vic Turner, and Bernie Steer. The increase of strike action in Brit­ unauthorized. picketing in the ports. rized picketing by the dockers against The first three were arrested on the ain is vividly illustrated by the fol­ "What do we want?" increasing containerization. The threat picket lines. Steer is secretary of the lowing statistics reported in New ."ALL 0 UT!" tens of thousands of containerization poses to jobs on the London· dock shop stewards commit­ tee and Turner is chairman of the British w·orkers shouted as they docks is well known in ports the world JULY 26- With Britain rapidly marched off their jobs across the na­ over. In London, the dockers had been shop stewards committee. The stew­ tion. A general strike would have been conducting sporadic picketing to pre­ ards had initiated the dock picketing moving toward its first general the first in Great Britain since 1926. vent truck drivers from delivering over the objections of the Transport strike since 7926, a telegram of The following article was written as goods for containerized cargo. and General Workers Union leader- solidarity with the striking British the strike was developing. On July 7 the National Industrial ship. - dockworkers was issued by the Relations Court ordered the dockers The massive strike is part of a step­ West Coast International Long­ to stop "blacking'' the LondoQ. con­ ped-up series of struggles against the shoremen's and Warehouse­ By DICK ROBERTS tainer firm of Midland Cold Storage. conditions of high unemployment and JULY 25 -"Industrial chaos spread When the dockers refused to comply rapid inflation in Great Britain. Un­ men's Union {IL WU}. across Britain today" wrote the Lon­ with this order -and in fact spread employment has hovered around 1 " ... we are firmly in support don correspondent for the New York the picketing elsewhere-Midland million in Britain for months, a rate of your struggles," the ILWU tele­ Times July 24. " . . . thousands of brought suit against the picketers. It of a.bout 3.8 percent. This is an ex­ gram declared. "The membership workers walked off their jobs.... ceedingly high rate for England, was this suit that ultimately resulted of the IL WU, representing long­ "All major ports and all of Lon­ in the July 21 arrest and jailing of the where "normal" unemployment is don's newspapers were shut. Many five dockers. around 1 percent. On top of this the shoremen and warehousemen on · miners joined in unofficial strikes, as Apparently, British rulers hoped Tory government has attempted to the Pacific Coast of the U.S., Can­ did automobile parts workers, truck that friction between the dockers and impose a limit on wage increases of ada, Hawaii and Alaska, are drivers and aircraft workers." It has the truck drivers they were keeping 8 percent- despite an inflation rate ready to assist you in any way been reported that French dockers at out of ports would undercut labor in April of 12 percent. in your struggle to maintain your Le Havre across the English Chan­ militancy, as the five strikers were Just last month, a, threatened simul­ nel are staging a sympathy protest. thrown into Pentonville Prison. "But taneous slowdown on the rails, a con­ union. Please advise us if there The national outcry of British work­ [the truck drivers'] hostility to the struction-site walkout, and dockwork­ are any specific solidarity actions ers erupted July 21 within hours of dockers evaporated as soon as-they ers' strike precipitated a financial cri­ which you want us to take." The the imprisonment of five British dock­ heard of the prison sentences," The sis resulting in the June 23 floating telegram was signed by ILWU ers under the Industrial Relations Act. Financial Times of London reported of the British pound. president Harry Bridges and This law, enacted in August 1971, July 22. The high point of struggle before treasurer Louis Goldblatt. empowers the National Industrial Re­ The truck drivers immediately sup­ that was the six-week coal miners' ·lations Court to impose penalties on ported the imprisoned dock workers. strike. Leaving their jobs on Jan. 9, workers who refuse to comply with its A leader of the drivers, Eric Rechnitz, the low-paid miners, 280,000 strong, contract-dispute settlements.. Heralded stated that the arrests were "an in­ used "flying picket squads" across the York's financial daily, the Wall Street in the fin<:tncial press as the British terference with trade unionism and, country to mobilize mass support for Journal, May 17. In 1967, there were version of the U. S. Taft-Hartley. Act, as trade unionists, we must fight their fight. 2.8 million working days "lost financiers viewed the act as a signi- against the Industrial Relations Act Transport workers and railwaymen - Continued on page 2 r Floods and firestorms World anxiety mounts over U.S. bombing By ED SMITH "I stand by the official statements," respect the secretary general as a man of technological-ecocidal warfare has JULY 26-Despite pressure from Bush responded. "I deny that they've who's got this restless quest for peace been disclosed in Washington. During Washington, United Nations Secretary been targeted." motivating him." 1965-67, U.S. military experts at­ General Kurt Waldheim has so far This is an admission that the U.S. Later in the day (July 25) the White tempted- apparently without the suc­ refused to back down from his charges bombs are hitting the dikes. The House issued the statement that reports cess they wanted'- to create firestorms that the United States is bombing. "official version" is that the dikes are of damage to dikes and dams in South Vietnam. dikes in North Vietnam. was "without question a propaganda Firestorms resemble cyclones. They Waldheim's stand reflects mounting effort and it's an effort they [the North are set off when a fire begins to suck international anxiety that President Vietnamese] are . working very hard in air, creating a whirlwind powerful Nixon is deliberately bombing the for obvious reasons." enough to rip out bridges and 300- dikes in order to flood the most popu­ foot trees. They suck up so much air lous areas of North Vietnam later Bombing Hanoi that people in the area perish from this summer. The whole previous his­ U.S. military headquarters in asphyxiation. In World War II, U.S. tory of U.S. bombing throughout Saigon announced on July 24 that firebombings of Dresden, Hamburg, Indochina justifies such fears; U.S. fighter bombers had inflicted and Tokyo. killed more people than In Geneva, Switzerland, July 20, it "considerable damage" on Hanoi in the atom bombing of Hiroshima and was announced that Dr. Eugene Car-· Nagasaki. · strikes ~aturday, July 22. son Blake, secretary general of the Dubbed "Sherwood Forest" and "Pink World Council of Churches, had also Agence France-Presse correspondent Rose," the Vietnam firestorm attempts delivered an urgent appeal to Presi­ Jean Thoraval, whose news releases were apparently unsuccessful because dent Nixon to stop the bombing. about U. S. bombing of the dikes of the dampness of the South Viet­ Both Bla~e and W aldheim received sparked the world furor against Wash­ namese jungles. arrogant threats from Washington. ington, wrote from Hanoi July 23: According to New York Times re­ Secretary of State Rogers bluntly dis­ "American air raids over Hanoi porter Robert Reinhold, "The targets missed Waldheim's appeal. "We cannot reached a peak this weekend and, ac­ were areas of thick tropical rain for­ consider helpful any public statements cording to an official communique, ests north and northwest of Saigon. giving further currency to these re­ left many dead and wounded through­ They were first chemically defoliated, ports," Rogers stated July 25. out the city. in the hope of creating dry fuel, and At the same time, U.S. Ambassador " Dr. Eugene Carson Blake "Whereas the Government often ap­ then bombarded with World War II to .the UN, George Bush, was rushed pears to minimize the damage caused magnesium fire bombs." to. New York to .attempt_ to -silence not "targets," but if "targets" happen by United States raids here, the com­ A U.S. military official questioned W aldheh;n. But even before Bush met to be on dikes, they get bombed. For munique today said that at least 20 about the firestorm attempt told Rein­ W aldheim, the UN secretary general example, war secretary Melvin Laird sections of the city and its suburbs hold, "Of course the goal was lauda­ released a second statement saying declared on July 6, "Some of the dikes were hit in two raids between Friday tory- we were trying to deny the that he was "concerned by the ~on­ and dams may be on roadways that night and 5 P.M. today~ enemy a base camp. Do you want tinued heavy bombing of North Viet­ are being used or they may be in a "Air-raid sirens sounded almost con­ to save trees or lives?' nam and in particular by numerous position where antiaircraft weaponry tinuously. Apart from 10 alarms in While you are trying to figure that reports, from different sources, con­ is placed, and of course, our pilots the city center alone, journalists gave one out, also try 'Pentagon spokes­ cerning its effects on the dikes." are given the opportunity and they up trying to count the number of times man, Jerry Friedheim's comment: "In Following the hour-long meeting should have this capability to attack the sirens signaled United States no sense was it an attempt to destroy with Waldheim, Bush was pressed by North Vietnamese gun emplacements." planes within a 30-mile radius of the all the forest. It was an attempt to reporters: Did Bush deny that the U.S. Bush's contempt for Waldheim. was capital." clear the foliage, to clear the leaves was hitting the dikes inadvertently? hardly disguised by his assertion, "I A new weapon in the U.S. arsenal from the trees."

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 3 ... antiwar convention calls oct:lov. protests Continued from page 1 adopted with only some 50 votes in officials of locals of the Longshore­ its status within the antiwar move­ electoral stand, had been passed. A opposition. men's union, the Teamsters, the Cal­ ment. For example, it held a con­ countermotion to the "defeat Nixon" The "defeat Nixon" resolution, de­ ifornia Federation of Teachers, the ference devoted to the seven-point PRG resolution reiterated the essential point bated in the final hours of the con­ Social Workers, and others. Ron Bor­ program the week before the NPAC of the approved action proposal. After ference, was presented by Donald Ka­ ges, a St. Louis Teamster officia1 and convention. Only 60 people attended. further debate, the countermotion was lish, head of the UCLA philosophy an initiator of the recent Labor for The NPAC convention stressed the approved by a great majority. department and a peace activist. He Peace conference, participated in the - need for concerted international ac­ A big majority of the McGovern said he favored mass demonstrations workshop. tions against the war. Ruth Gage-Col­ supporters at the conference recog­ but considered working for McGovern A workshop was held on why the by, a national coordinator of NPAC nized the need for the antiwar move­ a top priority. "Demonstrations U.S. peace movement should make and an internationally respected peace ment to main~ain such a nonpartisan change consciousness," he asserted, its central demand support of the activist, gave a special report to the policy. At ·one point, members of the "but votes change government policy." seven-point peace plan of the }'rovi­ convention. A number of countries, McGovern caucus introduced a mo­ Apparently piqued that his resolu­ sional Revolutionary Government she said, will be holding simultaneous tion that would have had the con­ tion had failed to change NPAC pol­ (PRG) of South Vietnam instead of demonstrations in solidarity with vention express a sympathetic attitude icy, Professor Kalish and some 20 the demand for immediate withdrawal those held by NPAC. · toward McGovern. After extensive dis­ supporters staged a walk-out as the of U.S. forces from Southeast Asia. Many_ messages of solidarity were cussion within the caucus and with conference was preparing tQ adjourn. Irving Sarnoff, secretary of the received from_ abroad, as well as greet­ other convention participants, the cau­ Apparently also disappointed that Peace Action Council (PAC), the lo­ ings from a representative .of the Indo­ cus members withdrew the resolution. their views had gained virtually· no cal affiliate of the People's Coalition china Solidarity Front (Front Soli­ In explaining this to the gathering, support after two days of debate, for Peace and Justice, participated in darite.Indochine- FSI) of France. Carlos Valdez, a recently elected busi­ about a· dozen members of Progres~ this workshop along with other PAC The conference reelected NPAC co­ ness agent of Los Angeles Teamsters sive Labor Party and Students for a supporters. Its proposal to support ordinators Ruth Gage-Colby, Jerry the seven points instead of "Out Now" seem:ed to have virtually no support LOS ANGELES-A, wide variety at the conference and was not brought of political literature was avail­ to the plenary session. Los Angeles Free Press staff writer able in a large room adjacent Ron Ridenour proposed in the plen­ to the NPAC convention hall. ary session that NPAC make the text Groups with tables included the of the PRG seven-point program avail­ campaign committees for Socialist able to constituencies. This was unan­ Workers Party nominees' Jenness imously approved. and Pulley, and Communist Party In the workshop discussions, a num­ candidates Hall and Tyner. The ber of speakers emphasized that the Vietnamese people, who are suffering Los Angeles Raza Unida Party such terrible destruction from U.S. also had a table. bombing, have the full right to seek - The African liberation move­ a negotiated end to the war. But the ment . was represented, as was American people,- they pointed out, the Palestinian resistance move­ have the responsibility to demand un­ ment. qualified self.determination for the ilitant/Walter Lippmann Vietnamese and to insist that the only A number of defense groups National Peace Action Coalition coordinators John T. Williams and "right" the U; S: has in Vietnam' is had tables, including the Chavez­ Ruth Gage-Colby; and Ron Borges, who represented Harold Gibbons, to get out. Ortiz Defense Committee. Ricardo a Teamster international vice-president, at NPAC convention. Unfortunately, the Peace Action Chavez-Ortiz, then waiting for the Council limited itself to participating verdict from the jury that con­ in several workshops and to observ­ yicted him of skyjacking, was . Local 208, s_aid.,._ "We McGovern .people Democratic Society departed with the ing the general proceedings. NPAC have come to -build an antiwar con­ Kalish group. urged PAC to participate fully in the present at the table for a period vention. We respect the right of NPAC Many of the West -Coast antiwar conference. PAC refused to do so, how­ of time. as , being nonexclusionary and em- activists were attending their first anti­ ever, claiming that it would be in­ war conference. They seemed partic­ consistent with its focus on the seven Gordon, James Lafferty, Fred Lov­ ularly impressed by the completely _, LOS ANGELES-Some 700 peo­ points and its. insistence that there is gren, Katherine Sojourner, and John democratic way in which the conven­ ple attended the preconvention no meaningful role for an antiwar T. Williams. Stephanie Coontz de­ tion proceeded. The plenary sessions rally held by NPAC in the UCLA coalition. It argued instead that equal clined renomination because of other and workshops heard and debated efforts must be devoted to organizing Grand Ballroom. An impressive any and all points of view. The con­ commitments. programs to combat racism, repres­ As the convention adjourned, the array of speakers represented a ference provided facilit~es for present­ sion, and a variety of social evils. broad range of antiwar constit­ ing copies of resolutions, statements, NPAC staff was already at work pre­ At one time PAC was the principal paring for the Aug. 5-9 Hiroshima­ and position papers to all partici­ uencies. antiwar force in the Los Angeles area. Nagasaki demonstrations around the. pants. All conference decisions were Among them was Bobby Seale, But its efforts to transform'itself into slogan "No more Hiroshimas! No · made by majority vote. - , . chairman- of the Black Panther a multi-issue. social movement have more Nagasakis! U.S. out of South­ In addition to the action proposal significantly reduced its activity and east Asia now!" Party; Ron Borges, representing of the NPAC coordinators, nearly 30 Harold Gibbons, a Teamster In­ other proposals were presented as ternational vice-president; Chica­ "main resolutions." A substantial num­ no leader Bert Corona; feminist ber of these expressed the pet political Lana Clarke Phelan; aujhor Dal­ crotchets of various left-wing sects and ton Trumbo; and Wilson Edwards, had little relation to political reality. One proposal would have had student-body president at UCLA. NPAC declare a nationwide g\!neral Bobby Seale received a stand­ s.trike. Another would have had it de­ ing ovation when he urged the vote its energy to demanding that the antiwar movement to stay in the trade~union bureaucracy organize a streets until every last U.S. troop labor party to participate in the 1972 and gun is out of Vietnam. presidential election. These and other, more relevant, proposals were pre­ Entertainment was provided by sented to the body, and there was 'Harrison and Tyler; a feminist full opportunity to motivate and de- ' comedy team that is becoming fend them during the floor debate and popular in night clubs and on in the workshops: campuses. After an initial plenary session, the conference broke down into smaller ·bracing all ideologies. If you are workshops that provided an oppor­ against the war, you are welcome tunity for fuller, more informal dis­ here. We are not here to support our cussion of the various proposals be­ candidate,· so we withdraw our pro­ fore the gathering. posal." Workshops embracing 32 constitu­ It was shortly after Valdez. spoke encies that relate to the antiwar move­ that the conference voted on the var­ ment came next. These included Raza, ious proposals that had been intro­ Asian, Black, trade-union, women, duced and debated. The acUon pro­ gay, Gis, and vets workshops. Militant/Dave Warren posal ofthe NPAC coordinators was The _trade-union workshop included One of the workshop sessions during antiwar convention

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4 ~P-Qrtation threatened Argentine authorities arrest Hugo Blanco Fro,m Intercontinental Press It began the day before, September months until he was finally captured. By DAVID THORSTAD 13, when two policemen took him to In a recent interview published in JULY 24- On July 12, exactly one the headquarters of the state security the July 13, 1972, issue of the Buenos month after he arrived in Buenos police in Lima. There he was ques­ Aires weekly magazine Panorama, Aires, the Peruvian revolutionist Hugo tioned for several hours about his Blanco discussed this experience and Blanco -was arrested an,d imprisoned. political position with regard to the pointed to the absence of a strong No charges were made, but he was Velasco government and why he re­ revolutionary party as the reason why held under the general jurisdiction of mained in opposition to it. the peasant land movement was un­ the government. Both his lawyer, En­ The following evening, he was taken able to culminate in the social rev­ rique Broquen, and a friend were able to the airport and, without any ex­ olution. "I must point out that I have to visit Blanco in prison. They re­ planation, placed on board a Braniff been a guerrilla," he said. "But the port that he was not maltreated. plane headed for Panama City. In guerrilla movement that I led grew A decree of deportation was served Panama he was placed on a Pan out of the agricultural unions, which on Blanco on July 19. He expected American plane bound for Mexico. decided to attack the lands of the big to be deported either July 24 or 25. Even after arriving ,in Mexico City, landowners. The guerrilla movement Blanco stated that he preferred to re­ however, Blanco did not know wheth­ arose out of the repression directed at main in Argentina, but that if that er it was to be his ultimate destina­ the agricultural unions imd not as a was not possible, he chose to go to tion. Then, on September 18, he was result of mobilizing groups isolated Chile. So far no obstacle to this has informed that the Mexican government from the masses. Unfortunately, what been raised by the Chilean author­ had decided to grant him the status was missing was a party capable of ities. of a "visitante" (visitor) and to give leading the struggle begun at that time A large defense effort on behalf of him a work permit. to a victorious conclusion." the Peruvian peasant leader was ini­ The ·Peruvian peasant leader had Following his capture, Blanco was tiated by the Partido Socialista Ar­ been released from jail on December held for more than three years in gentina (PSA-Argentine Socialist 22, 1970, in an amnesty-seven and Arequipa in solitary confinement. party) and other groups. Posters pro­ a half years after his arrest in May Then, on Augu'st 30, 1966, he and testing the arrest of Blanco have been 1963. He was serving a twenty-five twenty-eight other peasant organizers put up around Buenos Aires. A news year prison term for his role in or­ were put on trial before a military conference resulted in articles being ganizing landless peasants in the val­ court in the tiny, isolated village of published in four major dailies, La ley of La Convenci6n in the Cuzco Tacna. Blanco's supporters through­ Nacion, La Prensa, La Raz6n, and region into unions to defend their oqt the world awakened public opin­ almost a year, the peasant leader's Clarin. A number of prominent fig­ rights against the hacendados (big ion ·to the danger-already. reported life depended on an international cam­ ures have protested his arrest to the landowners). in the newspapers prior to the trial­ paign in his defense. Civil-liberties and Lanusse dictatorship. In the winter of 1962 and spring that Blanco would be sentenced to trade-union groups throughout the Blanco entered Argentina from Mex­ of 1963, the revolutionary peasant death. The military judges decided to world issued statements of support. ico, his former place of exile, on June unions led by Blanco engaged in reject the recommendation of their le­ Demonstrations, resolutions, and ap­ 12. His exile in Mexico City had lasted large-scale take-overs of lands illegal­ gal adviser that Blanco be given the peals were undertaken in all corners nine months, beginning with his de­ ly held by the hacendados. The land­ death penalty and instead sentenced of the world. portation from Peru by the military owners responded by calling in the him to twenty-five years' confinement In October 1967, the Supreme Mil­ regime of Juan Velasco Alvaredo on army and the police. In the battles on the prison island of El Front6n, itary Court confirmed Blanco's orig­ September 14, 1971. The deportation that ensued, several soldiers were notorious for its brutal conditions. inal sentence, and the international was carried out with as much stealth killed. Blanco became the object of In November of that year, the Pe­ campaign continued for his release. and secrecy as appears to surround a military manhunt, but he was suc­ ruvian regime again tried to get the Today a campaign demanding his the current incident in Buenos Aires. cessfully hidden by the peasants for court to order Blanco's execution. For return is being waged in Peru.

By MARC BEDNER trial, Kovic and Hunt admitted to down because of a battle injury. LOS ANGELES, July 17-Three per­ blocking traffic but contended the only Despite this, the court ruled that in­ 3L.A. sons, including a disabled Vietnam criminals involved in any blocking stances of police brutality were irrele­ veteran, were found guilty July 6 of action were Nixon and others respon­ vant to the charge of blocking traffic, blocking traffic during an antiwar sible for the blockading ahd destruc­ a ruling the jury apparently accepted. demonstration in front of Nixon's tion of Vietnam. The city attorney even argued that antiwar campaign headquarters here. Sentenc­ Kovic' s attorney, Mike Kogan, em­ failure to convict the defendants would ing will take place in August. phasized that the real issue at hand result in "anarchy in the streets." The demonstration, which took· was the harassment of demonstrators activists place during the week of May 9, was by the Los Angeles Police Depart­ In his summation speech, Kogan one -of the focal points of protest ment ( LAPD). said the real intention of the demon­ against the mining of Haiphong har­ strators was "not to block, but to al­ convicted bor and the escalation of the air war. Kogan produced photographs and lowlife to flow freely, to allow the Viet­ Vietnam veteran Ron Kovic, Dea­ testimony showing that Kovic was namese people to live once again; to con Alexander of the Angela Davis badly beaten by LAPD officers during communicate to the people of this city Defense Committee, and Leigh Hunt the demonstration. The beating was and the citizens of this country that had been arrested, along with 28 particularly brutal, said Kogan, since the war in Vietnam is a crime against others, on May 10 and 11. At their Kovic is paralyzed from the waist humanity."

ByBARBARAPETERSON There are two sets of demands for committee is in the process of getting NEW YORK -"Women: our rights the action. "We demand the right to out leaflets, sticker:s, and posters to New York and nothing less!" is the theme of the control our own bodies- remove all publicize the action as widely as pos­ women's liberation action planned abortion laws; no forced sterilization; sible. Planning meetings for the action. here for Aug. 25. Called to commem­ the right to contraceptives; remove all are open to all women. They take women's orate the fiftY-second anniversary of prostitution laws; freedom of sexual place at 7 p.m. every Tuesday night the winning of women's suffrage on expression." at the General Theological Seminary Aug. 26, 1920, this year's action will And, "We demand the right to con­ on Ninth Avenue, between 21st and include a march down Fifth Avenue trol our lives -the right to political 22nd streets. For further information, march to Bryant Park. Following the dem­ power; equality under the law; the contact the ad hoc committee at 250 onstration, a rally and women's fes­ right to equal education 11-nd employ­ W. 57 St., Room 1318, New York, tival will take place in the park. ment; the right to child-care centers; N.Y. Telephone: (212) 799-8564. .called for Aug. 26 actions have taken place no oppressive marriage and divorce Women's liberation groups in other in New York and around the country laws." cities are planning similar activities for the last two years. This year an The New York Aug. 25/26 ad hoc for Aug. 25-26. ad hoc committee of women's groups Aug. 25 decided to call for a demonstration on the afternoon of Aug. 25, a Friday, to involve women who work in the city's office buildings and shopping districts. Among the groups involved in building the action are the National Organization for Women (NOW), the Women's National Abortion Action Coalition (WONAAC), Radical Fem­ inists, the Socialist Workers Party, the Young Socialist Alliance, the Women's Center, and several gay organiza­ Militant/Brian Shannon tions. Aug. 26, 1971

THE MIUTANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 5 . . In Our Opinion Threat to free press Letters On July 6, second-class postal rates were increased by an average of Environment should read this or that particular 127 percent. The rates are scheduled to rise a total of 142 percent I am an independent and have article. over the next five years. However, the rate increase proposed for third­ joined no political clubs or parties, We feel these oppressive acts by the class mail (much of it is advertising circulars and other "junk mail") mostly because I see factionalism de­ administration are an indication of is only 25 percent over five years. · stroying the movement everywhere how up-tight they really are. before the movement has accom­ These rate increases will mean severe hardships for The Militan~ A prisoner plished anything; Perhaps we should Kansas as well as for all other relatively small, subscription-based publica­ make clear our differences but also . tions that are not financed by substantial advertising. work together on our common goals. As columnist Tom Wicker put it in the July 18 New York Times, The Jenness-Pulli!y campaign is 'World Outlook' the effect of these second-class postal rate increases will be one of "pric­ right on. We must build independent Sales are going well here. I enjoy ing ideas out of the market." Wicker points out that the smaller, less­ power bases from which to work. "World Outlook," the new addition profitable publications are generally the source of new and controver­ George McGovern is not the candi­ to The Militant. How about having sial ideas. But it is th~se P!Iblications that will be hardest hit by the date of the oppressed people, copies of "World Outlook" for dis­ rate increases. Could you please write more on tribution separate from The Militant? S.B. They are hardest hit because: 1) they have limited access to news~ radical perspectives of the environ­ Newburgh, Ind. stands, and thus depend more on subscriptions; 2) they have a rela­ mental crisis? Right now it is a tively low weight because of lack of advertising, so the per-piece in­ pressing issue, and radicals should attempt to make clear the relation­ Meat prices crease is proportionately higher; and 3) they have a higher percentage ship between the destruction of the of editorial content (articles) as opposed to advertising content, and environment and the profit-making Nixon's executive order increasing the rates per pound rise as the percentage of editorial content increases. corporate structure. the meat import quota, ostensibly This move is not only a huge rate increase. It also infringes upon W.P.C. designed to lower meat prices, will freedom of the press by penalizing smaller publications. It follows on Arcata, Calif. be as self-defeating as was the so­ the heels of more obvious government attacks on this First Amendment called price freeze. Even the adminis­ right, such as the victimization of Daniel Ellsberg for releasing the Pen­ tration expects retail meat prices to advance beyond the present level. tagon papers and the recent .U. S. Supreme Court decision denying McGovern This will, of course, greatly increase reporters the right to keep confidential their sources of information. Although I have enough disagree­ profits for the monopolized food It is in the interests or all radical, 'underground, cultural, and labor ments with the Socialist Workers industry. publications to unite in protest against these postal rate increases. One Party to preclude my joining, I do The advance in real wages in other organization has already been formed for that purpose, the Committee appreciate much of the information sectors of the capitalist world has for the Diversity of the Press. It includes representatives or' The Nation, and analysis contained in The a real bearing on the present world The New Republic, Commonweal, Harper's, New York Review, Scientif­ Militant. And now that George Mc­ meat supply. The American Cattle­ Govern has succeeded in using a men's Association, according to the ic American, and others. mass movement to advance the in­ The committee has been building support for a bill introduced by . Associated Press, "suggested the lift­ terests of what may be called "Social ing of quota restrictions by Presi­ Senator Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis.) on June 28. This bill would freeze Imperialism" or "Avant-Garde Cor­ dent Nixon could hike meat prices porate Liberalism," I am grateful second.;;class postal rates at the level of June 1, 1972, for the first 250,- even higher." - that The Militant and the Interna­ 000 copies of each issue, and stretch out future increases over a 10- Nixon aide Peter G. Peterson pre­ tional Socialist Review early in the year period instead of a five-year period. It would also prohibit "per­ pared figures (quoted by Dick Ro­ campaign told the movement of the piece" surcharges (as opposed to rates by the pound). These charges berts in the Feb. 4 Militant) show- dangers of McGovern. · penalize small, lightweight publications like The Militant. · ing that real wages in other advanced My only hope is that McGovern capitalist nations have risen in the Although much greater steps are needed to rectify the deteriorating be elected and that many of the last 10 years by the following per­ service and discriminatory policies of the postal system in this country, people-including more than a few centages: Japan, 103 percent; Italy, the Nelson bill would at least help in the short run to alleviate the working people-who support him 82 percent; West Germany, 73 per­ severe burden of the proposed rate increases. will see the failure of capitalist re­ cent; France, 46 percent; Canada, formism to solve our problems and 37 percent; and the United King­ will be radicalized. The logic of this dom, 35 percent. hope, of course, dictates that social­ This increase in real wages has ists, instead of supporting McGovern No gains for workers led to an increased demand for meat even grudgingly, should explain and in the diet of workers in advanced According .to a July 17 report of the U. S. Census Bureau, figures for warn of him. capitalist nations. 1971 show no improvement in median family income, or in the gap D.Z. What has actually been going on, between Black and white income and between male and female workers. Corona del Mar, Calif. especially during the past 10 yea:.;s, Median family income before taxes rose in 1971 from $9,867 to is that the world's meat supply has $10,285. But this increase was wiped .out by inflation, so there was been eaten up as fast as it has been no increase in purchasing power. Intends to subscribe produced. In addition to this, the The report showed that Black families earned a median income of Before I came to prison I had never ' demand for meat has risen in East­ $6,440-only 60 percent of the white family median income of $10,670. heard of The Militant. I want to ern Europe and the Soviet Union. This is the same percentage found in 1970. let you know that I· intend to sub­ So prospects for acquiring more Among full-time, all-year workers, the median income of males was scribe once I get back to society, imports seem very remote. Unques­ $9,630. Women earned only 59 percent of this, or $5,700. Again, the and I will introduce it to my fam- tionably the prediction of the Amer­ ratio was unchanged from that of 1970. · ily also. I have already informed ican Cattlemen's Association will The percentage of people living below the poverty line--' officially my brothers about i4 so I hope· come to pass. they have put in for a subscription. set at the very low level of $4,137 for a family of four-likewise re­ John Enestvr;dt We are still holding P. E. (Political Sacred Heart, Minn. mained unchanged at 13 percent. While about 10 percent of whites Education) classes here in the big live in poverty, one-third of the 23 million Afro-Americans live in pov~ yard. erty. Fifty-six percent of the Black poor live in families headed by A prisoner Conflict of interest? women. California In a recent letter in this column I The Census Bureau reported that in 19'71 female-headed households reported that Boston Communist made up 40 percent of all families living in poverty-an increase from Party leader Joel Kugelmass, in ad­ Prison censorship dition to being slated as an elector if 37 percent in 1970. Your readers may be interested in the CP gets on the ballot here; also These figures underline the inability of U.S. capitalist society to grant what is happening inside the walls had an official. role in both the Chis­ economic equality to Black workers and to women workers. Even after here. At this time there are approx­ the sustained boom of the 1960s, women, Blacks-and presumably holm and McGovern primary cam­ imately 30 people in segregation for paigns. K.ugelmass was elected as Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, and other oppressed nationalities-found them- trying to initiate programs beneficial an alternate delegate to the Demo­ . selves no better off in relation to white and male workers, to the inmate population. Some men cratic Party convention in the Mass­ In addition, there was no improvement in the living standards of have been locked in segregation achusetts primary. American working people as a whole between 1970 and 197L Their for writing letters to senators and Since then, the McGovern campaign income was frozen by the effects of war-stimulated inflation, Nixon's congressmen complaining of the coordinator for Massachusetts, Da­ recession-inducing measures, and the wage controls. And these. figures present conditions. vid Harrison, tried to force Kugel­ are_ from 1971, when wage controls were in effect for less than half The attitude of the administration mass to resign as an alternate del­ is typical of all tyrannical people. the year. Thus, it can be predicted that workers will have an even egate. Harrison thought there was a They censor all publications, and conflict between being a Democrat ·harder time defending themselves against the effects of inflation this many times ·we do not receive copies and a CPer. Unfortunately, there is year, under year-round controls. of some of our publications. I've actually very little conflict between These statistics underscore the need for the union movement to unite asked why I did not receive The the two. behind demands for an end to .discriminatory hiring policies against Militant on numerous occasions and Kugelmass explained that he, as a Black people; equal pay for women workers; an end to the wage con­ was informed "they" did not feel I Democrat, agreed to serve as an trols and infringements on the right to strike; and an end to the in­ flation-producing war in Vietnam.

6 The Great Society How about one to run the Vietnam U. S. gov't under survelllance?- Act­ granted,, a follow-up private session blockade?-" Soviets devise a craft to ing FBI director L. Patrick Gray III is required. Future a~solution is out explore ocean bottom."- Headline in says his organization is only con­ for those who skip the private purge. elector for the CP "because all pro­ the Daily World. · cerned with those who advocate vio­ Those who die in between are ap­ gressive minority parties should have lence and back it up with action. "We parently in the clear. a right to be on the ballot." How­ Too heavy an issue- People used to know who they are," he confided, ever, to my knowledge Kugelmass ask, "Under socialism, who will pick "and we keep track of them." It's probably just a lunch job, too­ has not yet explained why he, as a up the garbage?" Under capitalism, We reported about the San Francisco Communist, is involved in the Dem­ the problem seems to be dog feces. Cheap at half the price-A half mil­ waiter, age· 105, who jogs five miles ocratic Party. (Is it also a "progres- For instance, the New York City lion Vegas were recalled recently for before going to work every day. Now . sive minority party"?) Council has pigeonholed a controver­ a safety defect that could lead to a we hear it's a put-on. He is really On the brighter side, Kugelmass sial bill requiring dog owners to pick rear axle and wheel falling off. It was only 95. signed the Socialist Workers Party up after Fido. A leaflet issued last their third recall this year. GM ad­ petition for ballot status here. This spring by POPA (Pet Owners Protective vertising says it's "the finest car ever The march of civilization- Delaware is a departure from the traditions of Association) charged a "plot to ram built in America at any price." has abolished the whipping post. It the CP, which during World War a 'feces pick-up law' down our was the last state· to use the lash as Two ·even supported Roosevelt's jail­ throats." It urged "an alternative to punishment for a variety of offenses. fingering feces," ·and demanded: ing of SWP leaders for opposing the To wash the hot dogs?....:.. Health of­ -HARRY RING "Make the sanitation man do the job war a,nd criticizing American cap­ ficials in Olean, N.Y., have ordered. we_ expect." italism. Michael Donavan, . an unemployed Bob Geb Vietnam veteran, ·to shut down his Boston, Mass. Unfair?- Some of the best brains in hot-dog stand because it does not have the Department of Health, Education a washroom. Donavan said he will and Welfare are trying to come up defy the edict. Right to breathe with a new word for welfare that As an outsider who is interested in would help promote public apprecia­ Antialienation move- The Vatican learning more about the Socialist tion of the president's welfare pro­ has banned the gr0wing practice of Workers Party, I attended my first gram. Some of those being considered group absolution. Excepting such cir­ political rally. The speeches were ex­ include Americaid, Amerishare, Amer­ cumstances as impending mass death cellent and I was impressed with icare,- yourshare, fairshare, faircare, or a dire shortage of priests, confes­ the SWP' s championship of the mi­ and shairfare. We hope suCh obvious. sion of transgression must be made norities and oppressed, of a woman's choices as half fare, warfare, and car­ to a priest in private by the individual "Could you let me have $36,000 till payday?" right to control her body, and its fare were not excluded. sinner. Where mass absolution is resistan<;e to the pressures of the capitalists. But the actions of many in the room belied their words, for they were smoking. Do I not have the right to breathe unpolluted air? How can I be in control of my lungs when the rna- . By Any Means Necessary jority in the room are puffing cig­ arette smoke into every nook and BLACK P~NTHERS WIN ANTIPOVERTY ELEC­ polling place was actually shot up by Berkeley police. cranny? TIONS; ENTER CITY ELECTIONS. According to the In spite of these efforts to keep voters away from the The smokers were willing to hand June 10 Black Panther, four members of the Black Pan­ polls, the turnout was heavy, thus giving victory to four over to the profit-hungry tobacco ther Party were elected to the board of directors of the of the six Panthers running. - compani~s 30, 40, or 50 cents a day. Berkeley, Calif., Community Development Council On May 13, several days before the antipoverty-pro­ Thi.nlc how you~ campaign coffers (BCDC) on May 24. gram election, the Black P~nther Party held a massive would swell if the money were chan- · The four include Ericka Huggins, Herman Smith, Wil­ rally of 4,000 Black people in Oakland's Bobby Hutton neled to the SWP. Also consider how liam Roberts, and Audrea Jones. Last year ;Huggins, along Memorial. Park (named after .a 1 7-year-old Panther killed . your ranks will grow if you do not with Panther Chairman Bobby Seale, won a sensational by Oakland police in 1968) as part of .a Black Commu-. die of lung and throat .cancer while acquittal on the frame~up charge ofmurder in New Haven, nity Survival Conference. the capitalists do. Conn. At this rally-where 2,000 free full bags of groceries,.· E. M.S. The Panthers had supported a slate for all nine of the each containing a dozen grade. AA eggs, Vl1'ere.given away Rensselaer, Ind. positions open on the 24-member board. The other mem.: ~Seale and Elaine Brown,· minister of infOrmation of . ber of the slate who won was ·Rick D'Golia, a white stu- · the party, announced· their candidaCies for mayor and dent and supporter of the party. · city councilwoman of Oakland. Size of demonstration The Black Panther related, "The U. S. government has However, at an Antiwar, African Liberation, Voter Reg­ At a mass meeting of union con­ been (since Johnson's alleged 'War on Poverty'), each istration, Survival Conference held by the Panthers on struction workers here July 16, year, reluctantly sending poverty funds into the low and June 24 in the Oakland Auditorium, only Seale's can­ Thomas Magrann, head of the Phila­ no income areas of Berkeley, California. The function of didacy for mayor in the April 1973 elections was an- delphia Building and Construction . the B. C. D. C. Board of Directors (who are elected yearly nounced. . Trades Council, sharply attacked the by the community) is to funnel these federal funds into At this conference, according. to the July 1 Black Pan~ news media for playing down the meanin~ful programs for the poor. ther, several thousand Blacks gathered and .received 10,-. number of union members who "In the past, this task bas seemed too much for the 000 bags of free groceries with a dozen grade AA eggs marched in the great demonstration basically reactionary ·Board members of the B. C. D. C. in every bag, 10,000 free sickle cell anemia tests, and past the Norristown, Pa., courthouse to carry out, as the poor of Berkeley have rarely been 2,500 free pairs. of brand ne.w women's shoes. The con­ June 22. The demonstration was on the receiving end of these funds. With this in mind, ference speakers included Representative Ronald Dellums · called to protest a court injunction the Black Panther Party decided to run our own Party (D-Calif. ). against picketing a nonunion con­ members to hold positions on the B. C. D. C. Board, as S~ale talked about "taking over the whole city of Oak­ struction site. well as support other progressive candidates." land," "kicking every racist out of the Police Department," Magrann said 50,000 union mem­ The BCDC is a multimillion dollar program, and the and "moving on every businessman that sells us rotten bers took part in the demonstration. idea of Panthers deciding how some of this money would meat." · · Media reports ranged from 16,000 be distributed was a cause for alarm in some quarters. In light of the formally antinationalist position of the to 35,000. The most truthful account One of Huggins's opponents, Eric Morton, called the Pan­ · Panther Party and its support to candidates of the cap­ was The Militant's, which reported ther candidacies a "rude intrusion." italist Democratic Party, this declared intention to run in well over 35,000. On the day of the election, according to the Black Pan­ their own name in the 1973 municipal elections and their My personal opinion is that The ther, there were continual broadcasts of "bomb threats" talk about Black community control is testimony to the Militant fell short on this one. I was at BCDC polling places by KDIA, a '·local radio station strength of nationalist sentiments within the Black com­ on the demonstration and· I'll go that is Black-oriented but white-owned. Moreover, one munity. -DERRICK MORRISON along with Magrann's 50,000. A construction worker Philadelphia, Pa.

The letters column is an open forum for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ eral interest to our readers. Please keep your letters brief. Where neces­ sary they will be abridged. Please in- _ dicate if your name ·may be used or if you prefer that your initials be used instead.

June 24 Black Panther rally in Oakland

THE MILITANT/ AUGUST 4, 1972 7 BerkeleY. city workers strike for more pay -By RUSSELL BLOCK a month over the next 18 months, mers. Local 535 represents about 100 city employees to organize and when BERKELEY, Calif., July 26-Five which would have amounted to a 2.5 employees of the Neighborhood Youth necessary to strike for their need~." She hundred public service employees and to 3 percent increase. Both fall short Corps, the city social planning de­ added, however, that her opposition their supporters gathered at the Berk­ of the 6.2 percent increase over a year partment, and the city health depart­ to the injunction does not mean sup­ eley . City Council meeting last night demanded by the unions. ment. Firemen, police, and adminis­ port to the strikers' demands. to demand open hearings on strike The unions are also demanding trative officials make up the bulk of D' Army Bailey and Ira Simmons,­ issues and resumption of negotiations grievance procedures, an agency shop, the rest of the 1,000 city- employees. the two other April Coalition mem-· in the 14-day-old city employees strike and a fully paid health-care plan for Negotiations broke down when city hers of the clty council, have not here. The strike, begun by United Pub­ employees and their families. officials rejected Local 390's demand spoken out on the strike. A represen­ Paul Varacalli, executive secretary lic Employees Union Local390, later for a 6.2 percent across-the-board pay tative from their office informed The of United Public Employees Union spread to include Social Services increase. Militant that they were privately op­ Local 390, immediately challenged the Union Local 535, Library Employees The strike is a test for the "radical" posed to the injunction. According to new offer. "Is this a proposal or is this Local 2077, and International Broth­ members of the Berkeley City Coun­ this person, Bailey had considered a final offer?" he asked Berkeley May­ erhood of Electrical Workers Local cil elected last year on the April Co­ entering a motion against it in the or Warren Widener. When Widener re­ 1245. alition slate. When University of Cali­ city council closed session. But now fused to answer, Varacalli told him, Cornelius Moore, a member of the fornia at Berkeley employees went on that the court had imposed the in­ "If this is your final offer, I'm going negotiating committee for the four strike in May, the city council "radi­ junction, the representative said, there to tell you guys to go back into that unions, refuted claims by council mem­ cals" criticized university officials for was little Bailey could do. about it. room and come up with something bers Ira Simmons and D' Army Bailey using court injunctions and other No information is available as to better." that the council had been attempting strikebreaking measures against them. whether Bailey or Simmons support After 10 minutes of further delibera­ to negotiate with the striking workers. Now the city council is using the same the strike demands. tion, Widener returned and told the "I've been on' call 24 hours a day tactics against its own striking work­ Mayor Warren Widener, who .was assembled strikers and their sup­ for the last month," Moore said. "Nei- ers. also supported by the April Coalition, porters that the city's position was ther Bailey, nor Simmons, nor any­ At closed-door sessions last week has been similarly reticent in stating one else has offered to negotiate. Let "flexible." Negotiations were slated to the city council approved a . motion his views on the strike. His office in­ begin this morning. them come out here and tell me I'm. to seek a court injunction against the formed The Militant July 18 that he a liar to my face," work stoppage under a California law had made no public statement on the A motion by Councilwoman Ilona that makes strikes of public employees strike demands or the injunction and Hancock to move the meeting to a BERKELEY, Calif., July 19-No ne­ illegal. The injunction, imposed July would not be making one until he had larger room and hold an open hearing gotiations were in sight here between ~ 7, has not forced the strikers back had time "to meet ·with all parties to on the strike demands was defeated city officials and two public-employees - to work. the dispute." for lack of a second, and the council unions as non-uniformed city employ­ Paul Varacalli, executive secretary Socialist Workers Party congres­ withdrew into a private executive ses­ ees entered the seventh day of a strike. of Public Employees Local 390, told sional candidates Kenneth Miliner and sion. Hancock is the only member The strike began after midnight on the city council, "I will be the first Dorothy Dillon are supporting the of the April Coalition elected last year July 12 when United Public Employees in line to go to the Berkeley jail if striking city employees. They pointed who has publicly opposed the use of Union Local 390 walked off the job that is what it will take to end the out in a statement issued here that an injunction to force the strikers back after contract negotiations with the city strike. An injunction will not settle "far from being unreasonable, the 6.2 to work. broke down. The strike quickly spread this strike. The workers will not go percent wage increase demanded by After a one-and-a-half-hour meeting to include Social Services Union Lo­ back without a negotiated settlement." the uni.ons [would] barely compensate behind closed doors, during which cal535. Of the city council "radicals," only for the lost buying power caused by time the spirited rally continued, the Local 390 represents some 250 city Ilona Hancock has publicly opposed the last year of runaway inflation. council emerged with a new offer. It trash collectors, meter maids, con­ the injunction. Calling for immediate "We give our unconditional support amounted to about a 4 percent across­ struction equipment operators, main­ "good faith negotiations" with the to ,the right of au public employees the-board pay increase over 18 tenance men, sewer workers, mechan­ strikers, Hancock stated that she "sup­ to strike to defend their standard of months. Their original offer was $22 ics, marina attendants, and tree trim- ported without reservation the right of living," they added. Fireman agreement victory for rail bosses By LEE SMITH meaningful work. What's coming to conditions in the Chicago Terminal to rule" campaign last year. The cam­ A dispute that raged between railroad the front now is that bureaucratic since the signing last summer of a paign was conduCted in sympathywith bosses and rail workers for 35 years work-pushing papers." two-year contract between the UTU a selective strike against suspension was settled last month on terms that Polak sees the real meaning of the and the major roads. of important contract protections. represent a clear victory for the bosses. agreement: the ultimate elimination of "That contract," Miller writes, "con­ e Erie Lackawanna has been ig­ On July 20, _spokesmen for the com­ some 18,000 rail jobs. tained a 42 percent wage increase noring the provisions of a merger agreement made _several years ago. panies and for the United Transpor­ Chesser's enthusiasm for the rail spread over a· 42-month period.... The agreement guaranteed workers tation Union ( UTU) jointly an­ agreement, although not shared by _But coupled with the pay increase was a set of work-rule changes aimed di­ from the merged companies a base nounced an agreement to eliminate the UTU members, was matched by rectly at the jobs of close to 200,000 earning computed from their income the job of fireman on freight loco­ the delight of the rail bosses and the operating employees." before the merger (with Norfolk and motives. rest of the employing class. Rail management has been embold­ Western). In announcing the agreement, the In a July 22 editorial titled "Good­ by to Featherbed," the New York ened in its campaign of speedup, After a demonstration by wives of employers' representatives hinted, ac­ the cheated workers won payment of cording to the July 21 ·New York Times editors, while begrudging even Miller says, by the contract's. surren­ der on work-rule changes. The fire­ the more than $25,000 in guaranteed Times, "that they would seek to elim­ the temporary continuation of any men agreement will serve to embolden pay that had been held back, Erie inate firemen on passenger trains at firemen's jobs, said: "The nation can management that much more. Lackawanna began proceedings some future time." be happy at removal of the recurrent Below are some incidents Miller cites against the local UTU chairman. He The current agreement provides for threat of nationwide rail strikes over to document the employers' offensive is · charged with deraming the com­ eliminating freight locomotive firemen union insistence on perpetuating use­ against rail workers in the Chicago pany'-s public iinage and with orga­ by attrition. That is, while no one less jobs.... " Th~ headline on an article in the yards. nizing a demonstration that interfered who currently holds a job as fireman with the company's business. will be ·laid off, when firemen retire July 24 Times read: "Builders Praise • The Milwaukee Road has been Rail Labor Pact; See Antifeatherbed­ suspending· and dismissing switchmen Following the precedent set by Penn or move into other job~,- no one will ding Rule Applicable to Their Indus­ who played a leading role in a "work Central, Erie Lackawanna has begun be hired to replace them. bankruptcy hearings as a means to Railroad spokesmen, the Times re­ try." The article quoted ~pokesmen for the New York Buildiil:g Trades Em­ avoid paying their employees what ported, said "they expected the attri­ they are owed under the terms of nego­ tion of firemen to begin almost im­ ployers Association, and for the Build­ ing Contractors Association of New tiated settlements. mediately." Not only does the agree­ e Chicago and Northwestern (C& ment provide for compulsory retire­ Jersey. These construction bosses seek to remove work rules in their indus­ NW), whose speedup campaign has ment · at 65, but it gives firemen se­ cost Chicago Terminal employees their niority to bid on other job openings. try that protect workers from being forced -to perform several jobs and arms and· legs in a rash of "accidents," Firemen awaiting promotion to en­ is continuing to put speed ahead of gineer can be asked to fill a brake­ that ensure all jobs connected with a given project are performed by safety. As a consequence, an 18-year­ man's or other crewman's job while old Black switchm~n needlessly lost they wait. union labor. They hope the rail agree­ ment can be used as· a precedent in his life July 10. Al :fl. Chesser; the UTU president, The C& NW has been a pacesetter in their industry. hail~d the agreement "as the dawn­ ·replacing three-man crews with two­ ing of a new era in labor-manage­ James Hodgson, secretary of the man crews. Conductors are now forced ment relations." A brakeman quoted U.S. Labor Department, called the to do the work previously done by in the July 23 New York Times of­ rail agreement "one of the great pub­ the rear brakeman in addition to their fered a more realistic assessment. In­ lic service achievements of collective own jobs. terviewed in a bar near the Penn Cen­ bargaining history." The C& NW management recently tral yards in Detroit, brakeman Bob The effect on the employers of their bought up a controlling interest in the Polak asked, ."How about the unborn victory in getting rid of freight loco­ company's stoek and became its own­ or the kids? Ten years from now what motive firemen is to whet their appe­ ers as well as its executives. Their first kind of jobs are they going to find? tites for further incursions against the act was voting themselves salary in­ Jobs are just disappearing. There are rights of rail .workers. Militant corre­ Encouraged by elimination of creases way beyond the 5.5 percent fewer rail jobs, fewer dock jobs, fewer spondent Guy Miller reports from Chi­ freight firemen, employers are guideline laid down for workers by factory jobs..... I'm talking about cago on the deterioration of working· aiming at size of yard crews. Nbcon' s Pay Board.

8 '·· - ~ ... _... National Militant der110nsti8tions mark .r--: Picket Line Texas Dow Chemical· strike MORE THAN COURT ORDERS NEEDED TO ByJANAPELLUSCH. in and out of the plant for several minutes before DEFEAT TEXTILE-COMPANY: For many ye~rs HOUSTON, July 18 -As the strike by 3,400 work­ opening their ranks slightly ·and allowing the cars the Textile Workers Union of America· (TWUA) ...... ·. ers against Dow Chemical at its Freeport plant has fought a losing battle .against the textile in­ to edge past them. approaches its fourth week, it has already devel­ .,' dustry, especially the J.P. Stevens company. While the majority of women demonstrating were oped into a major confrontation. This company spreads like a spider web across in their late twenties and early thirties, there were The striking workers, who belong to eight AFL­ the entire South. Its labor practices are reminiscent also a number of high school women present. CIO unions, went out June 23. These unions are of slavery-low wages, long hours,-no union senti­ ThTee high school women demonstrated on horse­ the Operating Engineers, Machinists, Painters, Boil­ ments, company stores, and even company towns. back. One carried a sign reading: "Dow-We're ermakers, Brickmasons, Electricians, Insulators, In seven rulings since 1966, the National Labor not horsing around!" and Pipe Fitters. T. B. Crow, business agent of the Relations Board (NLRB) has held that the com­ Two days after the UWOL action, Debby Leo­ International Union of Operating Engineers, told pany engages in unfair labor practices. Five of nard, Socialist Workers Party candidate for gov­ The Militant July 15 that the central issue in the these rulings have been upheld by federal appeals ernor of Texas, sent a letter of solidarity to 0. D. strike is job security. Kennemore, metal trades council president. In her courts. Two of them were denied review by the Supreme Court. On July 18 the Second Circuit Federal Court of Appeals held the company and six of its su­ pervisory -personnel in contempt for failing to com­ ply with ·previous court orders involving correc­ tions of unfair labor practices. A three-judge panel, headed by Chief Judge Henry Friendly, ruled that the large textile and apparel firm was guilty of "flagrantly contemptu­ ous conduct" in continuing to "llttempt to dis­ suade employees from joining the Textile Workers Union of America ... despite our previous or­ ders." It said the firm and its management per­ sonnel had resorted "to such unlawful tactics as engaging in surveillance of organizing activities, interrogating employees about their union inclina­ tions, threatening pro-union employees with dis­ charge and other reprisals ... and discharging them because of their union sympathies." The court ordered J.P. Stevens to reins_tate with full back pay those workers who have been un­ lawfully discharged. The company is ordered "to post a notice of the court ruling in company plants in North and South Carolina" and pay all the court expenses incurred by the NLRB that brought the suit. A spokesman for J.P. Stevens expressed the com- · pany's shock at the ruling. He charged the court's decision "doesn't present any of the strong and The strike was provoked by Dow's attempt to letter Leonard, a former active member of the thorough testimony and documentary evidence break the unions at the plant. Management began American Federation of State,. Cou.nty an~ Mu­ which the company brought forth." He also an~ . herding sc~bs as s~on as the strike began, bringing nicipal Employees, stated: "I am well aware of nounced. the company is considering appealing some from' as fal"'iiiway as Missouri. · the problems you face taking on. a major cor­ the decision to the Supreme Court. Soon after the plant was struck, wives of the poration like Dow Chemical, which is obviously Meahwhlle, during the past nine years, the strikers and other women supporting the strike out to destroy the union and drive down wages TWUA, one of the unions that helped found the organized the United Wives for Organized Labor of working people in Freeport." CIO in 1935, has shrunk from a membership of (UWOL). The women demonstrated against Dow's Leonard· linked Dow's union-busting attempt to 380,000 to about 140,000. According to the newly sc'ab-herding in front of the plant on June 28 and the nationwide pattern of big business assaults elected president, Sol Stetin, this is because of the 29, with as many as 900 participating. After that· on labor, spurred by Nixon's wage-control pol­ "four horsemen"- automation, migration, im­ the company broke off all negotiations. Bargain­ icies. "During the course of my campaign as a ports, and liquidations. Stetin announced plans for ing is scheduled to resume on July 20, it· was an- socialist candidate for governor of Texas," she a huge organizing drive in the'South and in other nounced today. · wrote, "I intend to utilize every opportunity to areas. The plant, which normally employs 6,500 work­ expose this union-busting assault on American He also said he strongly favors a merger with ers, is now operating with 3,200 scabs. Production workers." ·the United Textile Workers of America, a rival is reported to be lagging, and there is a high rate Crow told The Militant that the strikers realize AFL-CIO union that has about 52,000 members. of turnover among the scabs, according to Crow. what they are up against. "We are preparing for In an interview given to the New York Times He said many of the strikebreakers leave after a long strike," Crow said. "We would not have gone at the TWUA office in New York City, Stetin two or three days, once they have sized up 'the out if we had not been determined to stick it out." stressed that he does not intend to be tied to the situation in the plant. Messages of support or financial contributions to past. He noted that today many younger workers The unions are maintaining 24-hour picket lines the strikers can be sent to General Strike Fund, were entering the field in greater numbers than around the plant, including boat pickets in the Box 745, Freeport, Texas 77ti4'1. ever before. They are "understandably impatient Gulf of Mexico to prevent the unloading of sup­ in their desire to find new solutions to old prob­ plies by sea. Maritime, rail, and trucking unions lems, as well as to new problems," he said. have responded favorably to appeals from the "In facing up to_, the challenges," Stetin further Dow workers to honor their lines, Crow said. stated, ... we must mobilize the that our ·~ ~est There have been 12 reported incidents of scabs membership has to offer- be they young or old, ramming pi~ets ~ith their car-s and causing injury. white or Black, in Canada and in the United The local courts have refused, however, to con­ States. But optimistic. I sense a new spirit I'm sider assault charges. On July 14, Texas AFL­ developing in our union- an enthusiasm greater CIO President Roy Evans protested this inaction. than at any time since 1939." He threatened "drastic legal action" if government Stetin hailed the latest contempt citations againiJt authorities continue to refuse to protect strikers J.P. Stevens & Co. and said that for the first who "are in danger while they carry on a legal time the court ruling "puts sharp teeth in the gov­ strike for justice in working conditions." ernment's effort to ·bring about compliance with The news media has hinted that Governor Pres­ the law." ton Smith may call in 'J'exas Rangers to enforce It would seem that the Textile Workers union "law and order" at the plant. As a Chicano striker has already placed too much reliance on the pointed out to this reporter, the rangers are no­ NLRB. It has "won" at least seven cases, yet torious for strikebreaking. J.P. Stevens goes its merry way, defying the law, The ·actions carried out by the women support­ terrorizfng its employees, and keeping the union ers have received extensive publicity locally. On out· July 15, as shifts were changing at the plant, about If Stetin is really serious about a massive or­ 200 women organized by UWOL marched down ganizing drive, he will ·have to rely on that new the road to the main gate, chanting and carrying spirit in .the membership to beat not only the Ste­ signs. Some of the signs read: "Is safety first at vens company but all the other huge textile-manu­ Dow now?" "Danger- Dow Chemical," and "In facturing plants in the country. NLRB "victories" with the unions- Out with the rats!" may sound good, but so far they have done very They blocked the cars of scabs on their way Debby Leonard Militant/Ellen temisch little to improve the conditions of these miserably underpaid and overworked men and women, who have to exist under the heels of the profit-mad htdustry owners. -MARVEL SCHOLL

·THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 9 Raza U~S. dOllar problems ,continua Unida- to shake international linanca Party By DIQK ROBERTS "there are growing dangers through­ to inflate, which presses it toward low­ JULY 24-Do you want to invest out the Western world that capital con­ er exchange rates; On the other side, money in one of those famous Swiss trols will evolve into trade controls, foreign governments resist continuous formed banks? All you have to do is pay and that the non-Communist world devaluation of the dollar because it 8 percent interest a year. That's right. will split into hostile blocs." makes U. S. goods more competitive Beginning this month Switzerland has Currency controls cannot eliminate in world trade and it erodes their in New instituted a negative interest rate.;....8 the problem of the mass of inflated own dollar reserves. Nixon's policy percent per year-on foreign bank dollars already in circulation. A new of "benign neglecf' in international fi­ deposits. , and bigger flight from the dollar nance said to foreign capitalist pow­ It is part of the mushrooming of erupted July 13 and 14. On the first ers, "Foreign-held dolla1.'& are your Mexico controls on foreign investments that day European central .. banks were problem." By LEV WINTERS have erupted since Nixon instituted forced to purchase $850-million worth Washington essentially forced the ALBUQUERQUE,' N. M., July 26- the "New Economic Policy" last Aug. of American greenbacks and the fol­ Europeans to buy up massive Chicano activists announced the 15. Switze~land is the most -extreme lowing day, $1.5-billion worth. This amounts of unwanted dollars to main­ formation today of the Raza Unida example, but all the major European ultimately triggered a significant re­ tain exchange rates that would keep Party in New Mexico. Santiago powers and Japan now have some treat on the part of the Nixon ad­ European goods competitive. Maestes, the chairman of the new par­ form of controls to ward off unwanted ministration. On July 19, for the first But the imposition ·of foreign con­ ty's state central committee, told a foreign investments. time since Aug. 15, the New York trols on capital investment is a dif­ news conference at the Albuquerque The process took a new leap for­ Federal Reserve Bank intervened in ferent matter entirely. In this action Press Club, "The New Mexico Raza ward last month, initiated by Britain's currency markets to buy dollars. the · foreign powers say to Washing­ Unida Party recognizes that the two major political parties of tliis state June 23 decision to float the pound, To understand the significance of ton, "Unless you solve the world dol- . have failed to protect and defend our that is, to allow its exehange rate this move, which involves "swap" ar­ lar crisis-by dampening the U. S. people's interests." to be determined by supply and de­ rangements of foreign currencies, it inflation-we will cut back your abil­ mand. ity to make investments." This is a Maestes said the Chicano party "has It is difficult to overstate the sig­ major threat to the multinational U. S. been created out of the need for a nificance of these financial develop­ monopolies. Overseas investments are truly representative political force to ments. Leonard Silk, an editorial the central driving force of imperialist protect and further the human rights, board member and financial expert investment to begin with! education, and economic interest of for the New York Times, wrote on In the "swap" . arrangement, the our people." July 19: "Just about the most serious United States, rather than the foreign In an interview with The Militant issue facing financial markets and central banks, intervened to protect the following discussion took place. governments throughout the Western the dollar. The U.S. had to borrow Questh)n. Santiago, can you foresee world is whether a new and more foreign currencies to buy dollars. The a future' for the LRUP in New Mex­ severe crisis will rip apart the inter­ agreement July 19, for example, was ico? national monetary system and wreck to purchase $50-million with bor­ Answer. "Yes. The partido's objec­ the prosperity and . development the rowed marks. The marks will even-' tive is to reestablish the idea that the non-Communist world has enjoyed tually have to be repaid, with interest, natural resources of this state belong through most of the postwar period." of course. In order for this circular to the people of this state . . . and The main force that threatens to process to work, the United States the people are entitled to wages and "rip aparf' world fmance is the inflated will have to acquire the given amount working conditions that will support dollar... Throughout the postwar pe­ of marks plus interest at a future date. them in a decent and just.manner." · Q. Will the New Mexico RUP be riod, U. S. imperialism has built up The "swap" 1 system _is based on the its international monopolies and hope of reversing the process that on the ballot in November? world police network through massive brought about the dollar deficits to A. "I think so. We need 10,000 sig­ natures by next September, and al­ spending of dollars abroad. Today, begin with. That is, it is based on ready we have more than 1,000. Our close to $70-billion is held in foreign the hope of acquiring a surplus of petitioning drive has just started; our countries, $50-billion of this by for­ foreign ~rencies in the U.S. at some community is very responsive." eign central banks. future point. Otherwise it will further Q. Will your campaign be carried The problem is that steady infla­ deplete U. S. reserves. into other areas of the state besides tion in the United States undermines nobody thinks that swaps Albuquerque? the value of the dollar. Nixon's new alone is the answer to restoring sta­ A. "Certainly. In the past several escalation in Vietnam, coupled with bility to the international foreign-ex­ weeks we have quietly set up partido the announcements of historic U. S. change markets," Times expert Silk chapters in seven counties. In fact, government deficits to finance the fed­ admitted July 19. "As chairman [of we are planning to hold county con­ eral budget, have Increased fears of the Federal Reserve Arthur]~ Burns ventions on Aug. 5, the weekend pre­ further inflation in this country and made clear in his Montreal speech ceding our state convention in Albu­ further undermining of the dollar. The [last May), he believes that interna­ querque." central question in international fi­ tional stability depends first and fore­ Q. In September at the LRUP's na­ nance, consequently, is how to get most on curbing domestic inflation." tional convention in El Paso, how away from depending on the inflated Thus the problem of the dollar in will New Mexico lean . . . insofar as dollars held abroad. world finance comes back to "curb­ a presidential candidate is concerned? Every shake-up in world economics ing domestic inflation"-the avowed A. "That very issue will create a provokes massive flights from the dol­ goal of Nixon's wage-freeze attack on major battle at our state convention. lar. When Britain devalued the pound American workers Aug. 15. Federal is necessary to backtrack a little. Many would like"'Jhe partido to sup­ a month ago, the major foreign ex­ Reserve Chairman Burns has a few While $70-billion is held abroad, port George McGovern; others would change markets of the European con­ additional twists. United States reserves of gold and prefer that we nominate our own can­ tinent had to be closed down within other currencies stand at less than For example, according to Silk, didate, a Chicano." two hours because of the deluge of $15-billion. This means the U.S. Burns wants to offer "taxpayers gov­ Q. How do you stand? Will you unwanted dollars. could not meet any sudden demand ernment securities, with a bonus rate endorse McGovern? Before the money markets reopened, to convert all foreign-held dollars into of interest, instead of cash. He doesn't A. "No." European nations took a variety of gold or other currencies. It was when know how much he can soak up that Q. Will you elaborate? measures to keep out dollars. The the total U. S. gold reserves threat­ way, but he feels that every little bit A "McGovern went to the barrio negative interest of the Swiss banks ened to go below the $10-billion level is likely to help next Spring." of East Los Angeles to listen to the was the sharpest move. France ear­ last August that Nixon slammed down But that's not all. _"More fundamen­ people's complaints. His answer was, lier, and now Belgium, adopted a the gold window and declared his tally, however, sources close to the 'We need more governmentprograms.' "two-tier" currency system whereby "New Economic Policy." Fed Chairman say he is alarmed "What I want to know is ; .. how trade is conducted in francs that ex­ This made foreign-held dollars in­ about the over-all condition of the many more do we need? change with dollars at fixed rates. convertible. That is, they could not budget, wants expenditure cuts, but­ "To answer your question, I think This allows traders to conduct their be exchanged for the U. S.-held gold if he should be frustrated on that score we need our own candidate. Such a business more or less smoothly. 'But or other currencies. In effect, Nix­ -thinks that tax increases must be candidate-a La Raza candidate­ foreign investment must take place in on told foreign capitalist powers voted." will unify Chicanos inour state." floating francs, that is, with francs that to take the inflated dollar, like it or Wage freeze, wage controls, and now are purchased on a money market, not.. increased taxes-all are aimed at sta­ where their valut; is higher. This It was under these circumstances bilizing the dollar in world finance. makes foreign investment more ex­ that the exchange rate ·of the dollar. There is a quicker way to. stabilize pensive. fell .·to,· a new devalued level, fixed the dollar, an.d it does not depend Increasing such controls restricts in­ by the Smithsonian Accords last No- on freezing workers' incomes or in~ vestment and contains the seeds of • vember. But any fixed exchange .rates creasing taxes: It is to end the infla­ deepened world . economic crisis. "In­ can only be temporary. · tionary . war-expenditures ()/ the gov­ deed," Leonard Silk .wrote July 24, On one side, .the dollar continues ·ernment

18 Militant index: a useful research guide The Militant Index: 1971. Vol. 35, dreds of young revolutionists joining use to anyone interested in reviewing viewpoint on these and many other the socialist movement today. Histori­ the history of these cases. Also, there topics. To have this material at our Numbers 1-47. 64 pp. 25 cents. ans of the radical movement will also are few places that have as much ma­ fingertips would add greatly to the Some people may think it strange to find it of great value. terial on the emergence of women's educational· material available to the review the index for one year of .The The 64-page index for 1971 is orga­ liberation movements in other coun­ socialist movement. Unfortunately, it Militant. But those who have leafed nized by subject, author, and coun­ tries. Articles on the Vietnam war that is impossible for The Militant staff page by page through the bound vol­ try. It is cross-referenced so that if appeared almost every week provide .to take on this project now. But this umes of the previous 42 years of the one person knows only the topic of a history of the war during 1971. task is worthy of the great effort it paper know the value of this first an article and another person only Although the Militant has taken the would require, and we would gladly index. the author, they both can find a list­ important step of regularly publish­ welcome any volunteers to undertake The lack of an index for the earlier ing for it. · ing an index, the bound volumes from thejob. · years has meant that this great trea­ Among the topics in the 1971 bound 1928 to 1970 are still not indexed. -DAVID JAMES sure-house of factual information and volumes that will be of special interest These volumes include a week-to-week analyses from a revolutionary-social­ to many Militant readers are: the account of the rise of the CIO and a ist viewpoint has been underutilized. launching of the 1972 Socialist Work­ revolutionary-Marxist asseSsment of 1971 For example, back volumes of the ers Party election campaign; debates the depression of the 1930s; World International Socialist Review, a rev­ over the April 24 and Mayday anti­ War II; the origins of the cold war; Militan't olutioqary-Marxist magazine that is war actions~-the firsthand reports and the Korean war; the rise of the civil indexed back to 1940, are far more analyses of the Attica massacre; a rights movement and Black nation­ Bound used than those of The Militant. series of articles analyzing. the mean­ alism; the Cuban, Chinese, and Al­ Vo1u:ane The huge effort to prepare and pub­ ing of the Pentagon papers; analysis gerian revolutions; the Hungarian rev­ lish the first indt!x to . The Militant of the workers' revolt in Poland; and olution; the rise of the movement &:Index and the commitment to publish in­ an assessment . of the wage controls against the Vietnam war; and the his­ dexes each year from now on will Nixon imposed in August 1971. tory of the Socialist Workers Party $15. Index alone (64 pp.), 25 make the rich legacy of the revolu­ The Militant's consistent coverage and the Young Socialist Alliance. cents. 14 Charles Lane, N.Y. tionary-socialist movement in this of the Angela Davis, Ruchell Magee, No where else does there exist such 10014. country far more accessible to hun- and Soledad Brothers· trials will be of an extensive literature from a Marxist

.. Building trades fight open-shop in Philly By HOWARD ZUCKER be in danger. ning, Thursday, Sept. 14. This organizing drive needs to raise PHILADELPHIA, July 22-What can At this stage, the defense of union The organizational ineptness of the some of the popular demands that become a serious and sustained drive wages, ~onditions, and job control union officials shows in their neglect construction workers here are talking by the bulldipg-trades unions of this centers on the attempt to organize the of details. For example, they were about every day on the job. The right area to fight 'off nonunion contractors. largest open-shop contractor, Alte- completely surprised by the tremen­ to full employment for all workers­ is underway here. It began with the mose Construction Company. · dous size and militancy of the June 22 and this must include workers not giant demonstration of 50,000 con­ A meeting of Philadelphia building demonstration and had not even yet in the unions-is one of the most struction workers on the outskirts of tradesmen was called at the Spectrum, thought of the need for mobile toilets important demands. this city one month ago. a huge arena here, on Saturday, July on the six-mile line of march. This Unemployment is a threat to build­ The fact that the conservative bu­ 15, to hear a progress report on the oversight is the one most talked about ing tradesmen. A shorter workweek reaucrats of the building-trades unions Altemose organizing drive. Attendance now. ·'"But nothing else was planned with no reduction in take-home pay are trying to organize this campaign was poor-only 5,000 of an expected either. is the basic answer to unemployment. is a sure sign of the open-shop danger. 15,000 workers came. The follow-up meeting at The Spec­ It would also help the organizing The nonunion section of the industry Bernard Katz, union attorney, ex­ trum, which should have sustained drive to point out the terrible waste is penetrating new construction on a plained that the meeting was called the momentum of' the _demonstration of war spending abroad while govern­ big scale for the first time. too quickly, with little advance pub- and carried the organizing drive a ment· money for badly needed schools step further, seemed more like an after­ and other useful public buildings, and thought. houses for the poor is lacking here The Building Trades Council is con­ at home. cerned primarily with the legal fight Judges who hand down injunctions against a court injunction that against unions ought to be exposed prohibits picketing within one mile of as puppets of the contractors; court Altemose construction sites. The appeals should be backed up by strike $200,000 war chest that is being action in defiance of these arbitrary raised may go down the drain of injunctions. futile court procecfures. Everything that happens now con­ The second major activity is a union firms the fact that working men and boycott of the First Pennsylvania women must organize and rely only Bank and all Sheraton hotels and on their own independent strength, motels. The bank handles Altemose otherwise even their misfortunes are financing, and Sheraton has given Al­ turned to profits for' the employers. temose major contracts. A full-pag~ advertisement sponsored The most encouraging development by the Wyoming Valley Building so far has been the refusal of truck Trades Council announces that drivers to deliver cement to Altemose­ workers from out of the locality are The Association of Building Con­ licity. Notices to union members came building sites. This kind of solidarity being imported for work on restora­ tractors (ABC) was formed eight late, or not at all. The timing of the is what will stop the open-shoppers, tion projects, although local union years ago and now includes more meeting was bad-a weekend, when but it must be extended throughout men are without work. than 27 5 open-shop contraetors. If most construction workers try to get the industry. This requires the active This is typical of the injustice that ABC is allowed to go unchecked, it away frbm the city. participation of the union membership prods many building tradesmen to could threaten the very -existence of These mistakes will be corrected, in all phases of planning and action­ look for ways to take a hand in the the building-trades unions. The jobs they say. The next big meeting is something sadly lacking except for the union organizing drive · against the of the union officials themselves may tentatively planned for a weekday eve- June 22 demonstration. open-shop, low-wage contractors. Indians protest gov't hiring-policy shift By ERNEST HARSCH sultant of the National Congress of inflicted upon them over the cent}lries now employed in the lower grades, WASHINGTON, D. C.- On July 19, American Indians, and Tillie Walker, by the white settlers. The demand of while whites dominate the higher three Indian leaders charged that Sec­ executive director of the United Schol­ preferential hiring should, of course, grades. retary of the Interior Rogers Morton arship Service for Native American be extended to all areas of work - "has further narrowed the rights" of. Students, asserted that "Once again, to industry, to teaching positions, to The bureaucrats controlling the BIA Indian employees' of the Bureau of Indian people are frustrated in their construction, and to the service indus.:' do not concern themselves with the Indian Affairs (BIA). attempt to acquire self-determination." tries. Blacks, Chicanos, and Puerto plight of the Indian. In fact, the op­ The charge came after a new regu­ _The new regulation requires an In­ Ricans have raised similar demands. posite is ,often true. As Tillie Walker lation was passed that would put fur­ dian applicant to be "highly qualified" But now, even the minimal conces­ pointed out, "In 1969 a:t the Plant ther restrictions on the BIA policy to receive preference. The earlier policy sions to the Indians' struggle come Management Office of the BIA in Den­ of preferential hiring, promotion, and only required an Indian applicant to under attack within an institution that ver, Colo., $11,400 was available for training of Native Americans. meet "minimum" qualifications. is supposedly designed to serve their [technical) training. Only $350 went to Native Americans won their demand interests. Fifty-one percent of the· BIA Indians for training. The remaining William Youpee, president of the Na­ for preferential hiring in 1.934 as part employees were Native Americans in money was used to send two non­ tional Tribal Chairmen's Association, of the struggle to receive some retribu­ 1941. By 1969 this figure dropped to Indian engineers to Stanford Univer­ Franklin Ducheneaux, legislative con- tion for the genocide and oppression 48 percent. The majority of these are sity for courses."

THE MIUTANT/ AUGUST 4, 1972 11 Association for the Advancement of offtclals has become increasingly os­ party politicians. In addition to this .. ··. ,.· ...\: Colored People, joined in the "labor­ sified and reactionary. This is reflected general dissatisfaction, thcr&rowth .of By CAROLI!fE LUND Democratic coalition." In George Meany's support for U.S., the militant, Independent m

/ The end of the o1d Democratic Party A major reason for the disintegration McGovern. rekindle social concerns in young coalition was symbolized by the ex­ of the city machines is that their base In addition, it hilS become more workers- concerns for an end to the clusion of Chicago Mayor Richard - European ethnic groups-has large- difficult for the labor fakers to de- war and militarism, for racial justice, for a healthier environment, and for an end to poverty and inequality. In the 'face of these changes, both parties have attempted to repair their images and rescue their credibility. The Democratic Party, recognizing What's· .happening to that the basis for "the old coalition no longer exists, instituted reform guidelines in an attempt to lfring the new, activist forces into the Democratic Party as a new vote-catching appara­ the Democratic Party? tus. An· embryo of this new coalition has coalesced around George McGov­ ern's campaign. Although McGovern is trying to win , back or at least neutralize George Daley from the convention and the ly become assimilated and is no long­ liver the rank-and-ille labor vote to Meany, Richard Daley, the Southern AFL-CIO Executive Council's refusal, er replenished by substantial immi­ the. Democratic candidates. Working Democrats, and Wallace; his strategy for the first time, to endorse the Demo­ gration from Europe. people, like other Americans, are be­ ·does not depend upon these forces cratic presidential nominee. A new powerful voting bloc in most coming disenchanted with both parties of the old coalition. W~at happened to the traditional central cities is the Afro-American and doubtful of whether they really Democratic coalition? What are the community. Some cities have large offer a choice. "' New politics? prospects for the new coalition? And Chicano or Puerto Rican populations. In an interview in the Dec. 14, 1971, what meaning do these changes have The new power of the Black vote Washington Post, Sig Arywitz of the But can this new "coalition of pro­ for the future of the two-party sys­ has been reflected in the replacement Los Angeles County AFL-~IO stated: test" survive? tem that has monopolized politics in of some old city machines by new "I don't think that people identify with The concept behind the so-called new this country for decades? Democratic coalitions appealing to a party as much as they used to. politics of the Democratic Party, in To understand why the traditional Blacks. Examples include the victory That includes our own members. I the minds of many McGovern sup­ porters, is that the party should shed Democratic Party CO!llition has dis­ of Black Newark, N.J., Mayor Ken­ don't think they inherit the political its conservative wing arid become , integrated it is necessary to recall how neth Gibson over the machine of Hugh loyalties the way they once did." strictly a party of liberalism and re­ it arose in the first place. Addonizio, the election of Richard The number of independent voters form. Hatcher as mayor of Gary, Ind., and has risen from six million in 1960 But there is no basis for such a Rooseveltian coalition the victory of Carl Stokes in the 1967 to 25 million in 1971. And where­ reformist capitalist party as a stable An informal "labor-Democratic co­ Cleveland mayoral race. as less than a fifth of voters voted political formation. This is because alition" was forged in 1935 by Pres­ a split ticket 20 years ago, now more ident Franklin Roosevelt with the aid 'Solid South' than half do so. the rulers of this country are not ca­ of John L. Lewis, head of the newly Second, as the South has become ·· This growing doubt about the Dem­ pable of granting sufficient conces­ formed CIO, iri preparation for Roose­ more industrialized and urbanized, the ocratic and Republican parties is fed sions to satisfy the protest movements, velt's 1936 reelection campaign. This "solid" Democratic South has increas­ in many ways. One need only look feminist and nationalist movements was a departure from the AF L craft ingly become a two-party region. at tfi@" results for workers of their sup- that the Democratic Party is: trying unions' previous policy of maneuver­ to co-opt. This is particularly true ing for concessions from both parties. on questions of foreign policy. In return for patronage and conces­ The instability of the new coalition sions from the Democrats, Lewis ~nd is perhaps best illustrate-a in the area other · CIO officials agreed to try to of participation of Blacks and Chi­ sell the Democratic Party to rank-and­ canos. The support among Chicanos file trade unionists as 'more of a "friend for the independent Raza Unida Par­ of labor" than the Republican Party. ties-even though these new parties Through this ploy, the Dem.ocrats are still very small-has significantly succeeded in channeling the labor rad­ deterred the Democrats from setting icalization of the 1930s away from up pro-Democratic Party Chicano cau­ widespread sentiment for an indepen­ cuses that could claim to speak for dent labor party and into the pro­ the barrios. capitalist Democratic Party. The so­ Many Black Democratic politiciims called labor-Democratic coalition was are behind McGovern and the "re­ never a coalition involving the labor formed" Democratic Party, but they movement. The coalition was only be­ face pressure from growing' numbers tween the Democratic Party and the of Black activists who are looking " bureaucratic labor officialdom. They ·for more militant, independent polit­ corralled the workers' votes for the ical action. At the Black political con­ Democrats while subordinating the in- vention in Gary, Ind., for exa:mPle, . terests of rank-and-file labor. Militant/Caroline Lund the idea of forming an independent Two other major elements 41. the Democratic national convention' delegates give the antiwar 'V sign.' Black party received a favorable re­ original Rooseveltian coalition were sponse. Democrats seek to build 'new coalition of protest' to replace old the Southern Democrats-the Dixie­ The Democratic Party won't be able crats- and the big city political ma­ coalition. to come through on its promises of chines. All three sections were orig­ For the past 10 years the Repub­ port for the Democratic Party. The reform because Democratic politicians Inally held together by their interests licans have been winning congression­ main labor legislation passed since are tied to the interests of the big in aspects of the New Deal reforms. al seats in the South. Now 27 of 109 the war has been anti-labor: the Taft­ industrialists and bankers in this Roosevelt's social reform measures representatives and six of 22 senators Hartley Act, the Kennedy-Landrum­ country. and federal economic outlays were from the 11 Southern states are Re­ Griffm Act, and the Economic Stabili­ They can't solve the problems of utilized by the big city machines. Re­ publicans. The last time the Demo­ zation Act, of 1970 that paved the bad housing and schools in the Black forms affecting labor, as slight as they crats carried most of the 1South in way for the current wage controls. community. Nor will they permit were, helped union officials convince a presidential election was in 1960. Black control of schools, police, and workers to throw their support t() the In 1964 and 1968 Goldwater and· Democratic record other institutions in the Black com­ Democratic Party. The big Southern Nixon made significant inroads in the The record of the Democrats has munities. To do so would impinge landowners received substantial farm South. George Wallace's American In­ been dismal in other -ways, too. Paul on the profits and property of the subsidies and favorable price regula­ dependent Party won the popular vote Schrade of the Los Angeles United rich. tions on cotton and other agricultural ip five Southern states in 1968. Auto Workers union told the Wash­ The Democratic Party can't grant products. Now that the Democratic Party can­ ington Po8t interviewer, "The Demo­ freedom to women because such nec­ / In the 1930s, qnder the leadership not be sure _of winning the South's cratic Party is in decline because it's essary measures as granting equal ·of the CIO, many Black workers shift­ electoral-college votes, the Southern been mainly responsible, at least in pay for equal work and establishing ed their support from the Republican Democrats hav~ little leverage for de­ the Sixties, for wars, for inflation and quality child-care centers- available to to the Democratic Party. After World manding concessions as a part of the for creating disorc;ler in this country." all cannot be financed without basic War II, increasing Black migratton Democratic vote-catching coalition. . The war in Vietnam, compined with reallocation of the wealth of this coun­ from the South created larger con­ The third element in the traditional the economic instability, has created try. centrations of Black voters in North­ Democratic coalition-the labor bu­ a widespread feeling of dissatisfaction Despite McGovern's "peace" rhetoric, ern cities. In addition, liberal Black reaucrats-has also been undermined. and distrust with the government run the Democratic Party will not solve organizations, such as the National For one thing, the top layer of union by both Democratic and Republican Continued on page 22

12 A weekly international supplement to The Militant based on selections from Intercontinental Press, a newsmagazine reflecting the viewpoint of revolutionary socialism.

AUGUST 4, 1972

Senate voted by sixty to thirty to table ed Tunney's arguments, they disre­ noted, in a June 5, 1970, statement the amendment. This means that be­ garded the substantial amount of doc­ read into the Record by the senator: fore it can be brought back onto the umentation of torture in Brazil that "The people of the United States are floor, its supporters will need around he read into the Congressional Rec­ deeply involved in the economic, mil­ U.S. Senate fifteen additional votes. Tunney has ord. These documents, submitted on itary, cultural, religious and political indicated, according to a July 9 state­ June 26 and June 28 (the day after affairs of Brazil. That nation is the ment by the U. S.-based Committee the vote), amounted to more than third largest recipient of U.S. econom­ OKs military Against Repression in Brazil, that if eight of the fine-print pages of the ic assistance in the world. Over 600 these votes are lacking when Congress Congressional Record. They consisted U.S. industries operate in Brazil as reconvenes on July 17, he will ask not only of first-hand reports on tor­ well as hundreds of other U. S. based the Senate Foreign Relations Commit­ ture by Brazilians on whom it has institutions and agencies. Approxi­ aid to Brazil, tee or its Western Hemisphere Sub­ been used, but also reports from the mately 2,100 U.S. Protestant person­ committee to hold hearings on the bourgeois press, and fact sheets and nel representing 120 denominations issue of U.S. aid and torture in Brazil. statements by a number of interna­ and mission sending agencies and 700 condones The majority of the senators were tional organizations, including the In­ U. S. Roman Catholic personnel rep­ not impressed with Tunney's argu­ ternational Commission of Jurists, the presenting 38 religious orders and lay ments in favor of his amendment, al­ National Council of Churches, the agencies live and work in Brazil. torture though they seemed quite restrained. World Federation of Trade Unions, "In spite of the vast range of this "I can think of nothing in the Amer­ and the Inter-American Commission involvement the people of the United ican tradition which would justify our on Human Rights. Even the latter States have not been apprised of the providing military assistance to a re­ group, which is part of the Organi­ extensive information regarding the gime which tortures its own citizens," zation of American States, pointed out repression, terror and torture by An amendment by Senator John he noted. "I cannot understand the that: ". . . the evidence collected in which Brazil is governed today. The Tunney to the Foreign Assistance Act rationale which would support the this case leads to the persuasive pre­ result is that both public and private came up for a vote on June 27. The contention that torture should be over­ sumption that in Brazil serious cases funds appear to support and strength­ amendment would withhold some looked by American policy makers; of torture, abuse and maltreatment en a military regime which, in the $16,000,000 in military aid to Bra­ that the United States should continue have occurred to persons of both sexes name of law and order and of anti­ zil "until such time as the President to provide military support to a gov­ while they were deprived of their lib­ communism, crushes dissent and all reports to the Congress that the Inter­ ernment which, using the excuse of erty." advance toward a free and open so­ American Commission on Human anticommunism, abuses, mistreats, In condemning torture in Brazil, the ciety." Rights has determined that the Gov­ and represses its own citizens." Latin America Department, Division And that, apparently, is just the way ernment of Brazil is not engaging in In their vote to table the amend­ of Overseas Ministries of the National the United States senators want to the torture of political prisoners." The ment, the senators not only disregard- Council of Churches of Christ, U.S. A., keep it. 0

Pakistan inhabitants.) The NWFP and Baluchi­ language. The Punjab recognized Pun­ On July 11, the situation in the prov­ stan have in the past been scenes of jabi and Urdu as equal state lan­ ince was said to be normal again. mass autonomy movements. While guages. But in Sind, on July 7, the Whether or not that report was true Sindhis constitute a distinct ethnic provincial assembly passed a law remains unknown, since press censor­ group, the composition of the prov­ making Sindhi the sole official lan­ ship had been imposed on Sind the Troops fire on ince's population has attenuated that guage of the province. night before and the government was fact somewhat, but has made ques­ That very day, pro-Urdu demon­ the only source of information. tions such as language especially strators took to the streets, and in On July 15, Bhutto announced in demonstrators thorny. two days of clashes with the police, a nationwide radio speech (delivered Just after the 194 7 partition of the at least three persons were killed. On in English) that an accord had been subcontinent, most Hindu Sindhis July 9 a twenty-four-hour curfew was reached between Sindhi- and Urdu­ moved across the border to India. clamped on four suburban areas of speaking leaders after five days of demanding Non-Sindhi muslims moved in the oth­ Karachi that were centers of the dem­ negotiations in Rawalpindi. The er direction, so that today only about onstrations. The same day, troops Sindhi-only law would go through, 55 percent of the Sind population were called out in Hyderabad, another but the Urdu-speaking section of the Sind hi speaks Sindhi; the rest speak Urdu, major town in Sind and Pakistan's population would be given twelve a lingua franca that is the official second largest city. years to learn Sindhi. language of Pakistan. Bhutto appealed for calm, but the Bhutto's ability to give in to Sindhi language rights The post-partition immigrants are protest marches continued. By July 9 demands but also to assuage the feel­ concentrated in the urban areas of sixteen were dead, and troops had ings of the Urdu-speaking group Sind (such as Karachi, Pakistan's moved into Karachi to bolster the seems to have once again prevented The centrifugal tendencies locked up largest city), and have, according to police. a major explosion. But the deeper in the pseudo nation of Pakistan again the Far Eastern Economic Review, The July 11 New York Times re­ conflict remains. Symbolic of the un­ burst to the surface July 7-11. As "a near-monopoly on trade, industry, ported that marchers had "erected derlying discord was the statement usual, the results were bloody- at the professions, and government jobs. roadblocks and set fire today [July 10] June 20 of G. M. Syed, one of the least forty-seven persons were killed The situation worsened during the mil­ to a main Government building in founders of the West Pakistan Nation­ by police and army troops. The lo­ itary dictatorship when lands irrigated Karachi. ... al Awami party, who now heads a cation of the latest troubles was of by newly-built dams passed on to the 'Witnesses said that policemen had Sindhi front. Recognition, he said, of special significance. President Zulfikar Punjabi and Pathan 'brass hats' and fired into a protest march in the in­ a "Sindhi nation" was vital if "they" Ali Bhutto's home province of Sind civil servants." dustrial suburb of Korangi, killing want "us" to stay in Pakistan. Accord­ may yet prove to be the weakest link Sindhi resistance to being phased four persons and wounding at least ing to the July 1 Far Eastern Eco­ in the Pakistani chain. out of the life of their own province six others. At least two more persons nomic Review, "The chairman of the Sind is one of Pakistan's three mi­ gave rise to struggles in defense of were killed in a clash in Lair, another front's student wing threatened at a nority provinces. (The others are the the Sindhi language. In the post-Bang­ suburb, hospital authorities there re­ press conference a day earlier that North West Frontier Province (NWFP) ladesh governmental reorganization, ported." Deaths were also reported in a new desh (land) like Bangladesh and Baluchistan. The Punjab is the the NWFP and Baluchistan agreed Hyderabad, Hala, and Tando Allay­ would be born if Sindhis continue to home of 60 percent of the country's to make Urdu the official provincial bar. get a raw deal." 0 World Outlook W0/2

~goslavia Belgrade students face trial for distributing leaflets

[M. Nikolic and P. Imsirovic, stu­ Here, we would like to give an il­ clever, better armed 'theoretically,' the aid the development of the poorest dents in Belgrade, were arrested by lustration of the climate maintained Trotskyist organization does not ad­ regions; their demands could only the Yugoslav security police on Jan­ by the official press, a climate that vocate outright a third world war lead to strengthening the same in­ uary 7 on charges of having "orga­ Student (the magazine published by (sic!) as do the backward documents equalities that the "Trotskyists" de­ nized against the people and the state" the students in Belgrade) denounced unearthed in the 'Subotic affair.' But nounce. and of having distributed "enemy in its April-May issue. their aspirations are similar, if not And this denunciation is not to our propaganda." At the time of the ar­ The tone was set by the articles identical [our emphasis- Rouge]." knowledge the work of a small mi­ rests, Borba, the newspaper of the the magazine Svet began to print in There! The amalgam is neatly made. nority hostile to socialism. It is the Savez Komunista Jugoslavije (League January 1972, just after the arrests. And justified a few lines further on: product of a social reality that is to­ of Communists of Yugoslavia, the For example, the January 14 article: "The Marxist critique and analysis of day so in crisis that the self-manage­ Communist party), reported that the "Are there relations between the na­ society has demonstrated right down ment congress itself broadly described "arrest came as a consequence of the tionalists and the so-called new left?" to our day- although we have not these "centrifugal technocratic and fi­ distribution of leaflets and various Question: "Who are the students Niko­ sufficiently proclaimed this- that it nancial pressures that usurp the rights materials whose contents were hostile lic and Imsirovic and why were they has been able to unmask, at first of self-management." In 1968, when to the state. . .. The group was linked arrested? [The third arrest occurred glance, the subtle and paradoxical re­ the unions and students of Yugoslavia to certain groups and organizations somewhat later.] Who brought the lations between different ideological denounced the development of capi­ abroad." Trotskyist leader Ernest Mandel to currents and their attempts to discredit talist relations in Yugoslavia, weren't (Since the arrests, the official press Belgrade? The new party and the five­ socialism, democracy, freedom, and they recognized as authentic defenders in Yugoslavia has sought to link these member cell, Revolutionary Combat."l self-management. . . . " of socialism? And after these move­ leftist students with the reactionary Then, with no transition, the "jour­ This "first glance" is really striking. ments, didn't the government itself trends in the Croat nationalist move­ nalist" goes on to the recent arrests It shows the same clairvoyance as take measures to restrict ·the exten­ ment. But there has been no trial as of some Croat nationalists and re­ marked those "Marxists" of yesterday sion of the private sector and the de­ yet. counts their more or less clear theses who called Titoism "fascist." velopment of the GRPs,2 which were (The following article on the case on the perspective of a third world We still wait, but in vain, for the undermining the self-management sys­ has been translated from the July 1 war out of which they could dr-aw ''Marxist analysis" that will demon­ tem? issue of Rouge, weekly newspaper of some advantage. With no further ex­ strate that those same people who are Our "journalist" ought to go down the Ligue Communiste, French sec­ planation, the article goes on: "A little accused of denouncing social inequal­ in history alongside his Stalinist col­ tion of the Fourth International.] while after the jailing of the lawyer ities in Yugoslavia and the "capitalist leagues who in their time (the Rajk Subotic . . . we hear of the arrest of relations" developing in the factories, trial is not so long ago!) knew how the two students," etc. What is the re­ those who show the present limita­ to heap slander on the Yugoslav rev­ It will soon be six months since lation between these two facts? No tions of the self-management system, olution itself. M. Nikolic, P. Imsirovic, and Y. Klaic one knows. those who proclaim their adherence And just as we defended this rev­ were imprisoned in Yugoslavia, and But further on it is stated, "More to the working class and to social­ olution against Stalin with all our still none of the counts against them ism- those people are waging the means, so will we defend those who has been proved and there has been same fight as the Croat reactionaries! fight for socialism and are today re­ no trial. No doubt we can expect that We know that their fight is contrary pressed in the purest Stalinist tradi­ the latter will, as if by accident, take 1. Actually, Mandel was invited to Bel­ to the aspirations of the Croat na­ tions. D place during summer vacations while grade by the Student Cultural Center. He tionalists. The latter seek to reintro­ spoke to an open meeting attended by duce into the factories social inequal­ the students are away. But such a 200 people November 22, 1971, on the procedure will not prevent full expo­ topic, "The Role of Trotskyism in the ities based on the nationality of the 2. The GRPs are factories of groups of sure of this trial and all its attendant Contemporary Worldwide Liberation workers; they oppose any redistribu­ individuals, a camouflaged form of slanders. Movement." tion of income from rich Croatia to group, as opposed to state, property.

Soviet Union Appeal for Pyotr Yakir by Human Rights group The first protest statement has ap­ son were cleared of all charges in sure on the other nongovernmental peared in the Soviet Union against 1956. civil-right organization, the Human the arrest and threatened trial of op­ As friends and associates of Pyotr Rights Committee, whose most promi­ positionist Pyotr Yakir. Yakir, the signers of the appeal testi­ nent member is Academician Sak­ The Initiative Group for the Defense fied that they had never observed him harov. of Human Rights in the USSR, to display hostility by word or deed On July 6, Valery Chalidze, like a loosely knit body with which Yakir toward either Soviet society or the Sakharov a physicist and a political was active, is reported to be circu­ Soviet system. moderate, was summoned to KGB lating in Moscow an appeal addressed Signing the statement were the seven headquarters in Moscow and report­ to Soviet Prosecutor-General Rudenko. Initiative Group members still free in edly warned again to stop his activ­ The appeal asks that Yakir be re­ the Soviet Union: Tatyana Velika­ ities. leased on the recognizance of the seven nova, Aleksandr Lovut, Grigory Pod­ Chalidze was accused in Izvestia last signers. The protesters refer to the yapolsky, Tatyana Khodorovich, January of passing "anti-Soviet slan­ recent victory against repression in Anatoly Yakobson, Viktor Krasin, der" to a visiting U. S. congressman, the United States in the Angela Davis and Sergei Kovalyov. The eighth a charge that he has denied. He was case. Davis, they point out, was finally member who is still free, but no long­ also attacked in the official press in released on bail before her trial, even er in Moscow, is Yuri Shtein, who 1971 in connection with a visitor he though murder charges were involved. signed the separate protest statement received in March of that year, a Bel­ They ask the Soviet judiciary to do in Rome as an Initiative Group mem­ gian named Hugo Sebreghts, who as much for Yakir, who is apparently ber. claimed to be with a Flemish civil­ being charged only with "anti-Soviet According to earlier reports, Yakir rights committee. The Sebreghts inci­ agitation and propaganda." is being held in Moscow's Lefertovo dent became one of the bases for the The Initiative Group appeal empha­ prison. Attempts by Valentina Saven­ framing of Vladimir Bukovsky last sizes that Yakir has always adhered kova (his wife) . to see him have January. to lawful methods in his public activi­ reportedly been unsuccessful. Up to this point, however, Chalidze ty and that his anti-Stalinism is closely The arrest and possible trial of himself, as a prominent scientist, has Pyotr Yakir linked with his work as a historian, Yakir is aimed largely at suppressing not been subjected to anything more his strong personal feelings against by Stalin in the 1937 purges, Pyotr the nascent civil-rights organization than police and press harassment. But social injustice, and his own personal was held in prison and camps for that the Initiative Group represents. as the regime grows more desperate, experience. The son of a Red Army seventeen years as the son of an The bureaucracy, through its secret the time of trials may come for the general, Yona Yakir, who was shot "enemy of the people." Both father and police, has recently put renewed pres- Chalidzes and Sakharovs as well. D W0/3

Soviet Union 'Samizdat' writers protest trial of Uruguayan military Bukovsky, challenge gov't repression to try 'subversives' The Uruguayan government lifted [The unofficial transcript of the trial of the Socialist Soviet system." tortion: "The article states that 'Bu­ the "state of internal war" against Tu­ of Vladimir Bukovsky referred to in The truth is that by documenting kovsky went so far as to commit a pamaro guerrillas July 11. The state the following article was published in the crimes, arbitrariness, and viola­ criminal offense- and was sentenced of war had been in effect since April. the issues of Intercontinental Press tion of civil, social, and national by a people's court to three years Suspension of individual rights- per­ dated May 22 through June 26. Bu­ rights by the privileged bureaucracy, of imprisonment for disturbing the mitting searches without warrants and kovsky's final statement to the court samizdat is helping build a revulsion peace,' without indicating that the 'dis­ arrest on "suspicion"- will be contin­ was published in the Jan. 21 Inter­ against the status quo, not of social­ turbance of the peace' was a demon­ ued until September 30. continental Press. These seven issues ism, but of Stalinism. The mass rev­ stration organized by Bukovsky to The "internal war" was canceled by can be ordered by sending $3.50 to olutionary movement that will devel­ protest the arrests [in January 1967] a new law that empowers military Intercontinental Press, P. 0. Box 116, op out of this expression of autono­ of Yu. Galanskov, V. Lashkova, and courts to try suspected "subversives." Village Station, New York, N.Y. mous protest will not aim at restoring others." These courts will be allowed to im­ 10014.] czarism, landlordism, or capitalism. pose sentences of up to thirty years Those are gone forever. Its goal will The March 5 Chronicle also de­ in prison. be to restore the soviets as organs scribed numerous protests in Bukov­ According to a July 11 United Press of workers' control and workers' de­ sky' s behalf, both within the Soviet International dispatch from Montevi­ By George Sounders mocracy as in the early years of the Union and beyond its borders. One deo, there are some 500 suspected Recently Intercontinental Press has revolution. It will carry out, not a of these was an open letter replying Tupamaros who have been jailed run the full text, in translation, of the social, but a political revolution, abol­ to the Vechernyaya Moskva article. since April. Seventeen Tupamaros are transcript of a political trial staged ishing the monopoly on government The authors of that open letter, which reported to have been killed in the in Moscow this past January 5, the and management held by the privi­ is circulating in samizda~ are T. Kho­ same period. D trial of Vladimir Bukovsky. leged bureaucratic caste. Brezhnev dorovich and S. Khodorovich, dissi­ What is the significance of a tran­ will no longer be able to expand his dents long associated with the Initia­ script like this? What does it mean private automobile collection, for ex­ tive Group for Defense of Human for the Marxist revolutionary move­ ample; he may even have to go to Rights in the USSR. The text of their ment, and for the worldwide struggle work. rebuttal has not yet become available for socialism? The transcript of the Bukovsky tri­ outside the Soviet Union. In his biography of The Young Le­ al, then, was like much else that ap­ This most recent issue of the Chron­ nin Trotsky describes how the spark pears in samizda~ that is, the fruit icle to reach us also has some inter­ of anger against the cruelties of the of an effort by Soviet citizens to make esting information about the trial czarist regime was constantly reignited known the truth about the regime's transcript itself: Philippine troops among the critical intelligentsia of old violations of "socialist legality." What "A detailed transcript of the trial of hunt guerrillas Russia in the 1870s and 1880s: Un­ the regime wanted the Soviet people V. Bukovsky has appeared in samiz­ authorized transcripts of political tri­ to know about that trial was consid­ dat. The compilers of this transcript state in a foreword: '. . . The respon­ Philippine President Ferdinand Mar­ als and texts of protest statements by erably different. sibility for the fact that this is not a cos ordered a full-scale military as­ victims of czarist oppression circulat­ Only one newspaper story on the word-for-word reconstruction of the sault by the army, navy, and air ed clandestinely, helping to build the Bukovsky trial appeared in the Rus­ proceedings rests not with those who force against guerrillas in the north revulsion against the status quo that sian-language Soviet press. This was have done everything in their power of the country on July 9. "A small ultimately took the form of a mass an article entitled "From the Court­ to establish the truth but with those force of policemen and troops has revolutionary movement. room: A Life of Shame and Villainy," who would not allow friends of the de­ been battling the rebels for the last Today in the Soviet Union that tra­ signed by A. Yurov and L. Kolesov. fendant into the courtroom ... deny­ four days after intercepting a ship dition has been revived under differ­ It appeared in the Jan. 6, 1972, issue ing them the opportunity to openly believed to be about 100 tons and ent conditions. The privately circulat­ of the Moscow newspaper Vechernyaya of North Korean origin, smuggling ed documentation of unjustified repres­ Moskva. make a stenographic record or to use arms to a group called the New Peo­ sion has acquired a name appropri­ Some further information about a portable recording apparatus.' ple's Army, identified as the military ate to the changed circumstances. "Those who compiled the transcript both the samizdat transcript and the arm of the outlawed Philippine Com­ Samizdat is a play on the acronyms have subsequently noticed three inac­ sole official news story has become munist party," according to a Reu­ used in Soviet Russia for the public­ curacies that· crept into the document available from the most recent issue ters dispatch from Manila July 9. ly owned, postcapitalist publishing of the leading samizdat newsletter, the and would like to call them to the The military attacks on the guer­ houses (for example, Gosizdat means attention of readers of the Chronicle. Chronicle of Current Events. rillas began at dawn on Diguyo Point, State Publishing House). But the of­ First, the transcript states that issue The Chronicle issue No. 24, dated in the Palanan Bay area, where the ficial publishing agencies do not serve No. 17 of the Chronicle was confis­ March 5, 1972, devotes first place rebels were reported to have a big the needs of the population, or do so cated from Sebreghts, i.e., the same to news on the Bukovsky case, in­ ammunition and supply dump. The only in distorted form, while the pri­ cluding the following passage: issue of the Chronicle that was con­ following day both air and naval mary interests they serve are those "The only official source of infor­ fiscated at Bukovsky' s apartment on units of the armed forces began the mation about the trial of Vladimir March 29, 1971, when he was ar­ of a privileged upper layer of bureau­ bombing of suspected guerrilla po­ crats analogous to conservative labor Bukovsky for Soviet readers was the rested. In fact, according to the offi­ sitions. In addition, General Romeo officialdom in the capitalist world. article "A Life of Shame and Villainy" cial records on the search of Bukov­ sky's apartment and on the interroga­ Espino, the armed forces chief of staff, Under these conditions, samizdat [Biografiya Podlosti] by A. Yurov and tion of Sebreghts, it was issue No. 18 announced that a navy gunboat had (or Self-Publishing House) functions L. Kolesov in the newspaper Vecher­ of the Chronicle that was taken from been sent to attempt to tow the ship, as a noncapitalist means of produc­ nyaya Moskva for January 6. The nature of this article is indicated suf­ Sebreghts and No. 17 that was found which the Maoist-oriented guerrillas ing and distributing information that at Bukovsky' s. ficiently by the fact that it failed even are fighting to recapture. D serves the needs and expresses the "Second, in the last part of the ver­ wide variety of ideas and interests to report the verdict in full- the parts dict, before the words 'V. K. Bukovsky of the mass of the Soviet population, of the verdict concerning the term in is guilty of having carried out crimi­ through its more conscious layers. prison and the payment of court costs nal activity in violation of Article 70 The Soviet bureaucracy is frightened were left out." ... , ' the following sentence was omit­ by this growing expression of uncen­ (The samizdat transcript gave the ted: 'The court considers it proven sored opinion. It is conducting a verdict as follows: "... seven years that Bukovsky pursued the aim of harsh campaign against samizdat. of confinement, with the first two years subverting and weakening Soviet Peru, Cuba, Anyone caught possessing or circu­ to be spent in prison and the last five power.' lating such material can face severe in a corrective labor colony; this sen­ "Third, Nikitinsky' s name is Arnold to resume ties prison sentences, as the Bukovsky tence to be followed by five years in Yosifovich, not Arnold Eduardovich." Peruvian President Juan Velasco Al­ case, among many others, shows. exile. The court also orders Bukov­ It is interesting that the Chronicle varado announced July 5 that Peru The New York Daily World, which sky to pay court expenses in the sum refers in the plural to the unnamed would reestablish diplomatic relations expresses the views of the pro-Krem­ of 100 rubles." compilers of this document. A young with Cuba by the end of the month. lin Communist party U.S. A., has (By contrast, the Vechernyaya Soviet dissident, Aleksei Tumerman, Peru withdrew diplomatic recognition joined in the international campaign Moskva article reported only that Bu­ has openly taken responsibility for meant to justify the drive against dis­ kovsky "was sentenced to a term of compiling it and supplying it to West­ of Cuba in 1964, when at the behest sidence in the Soviet Union. For ex­ seven years of imprisonment in a cor­ ern newsmen and to the International of the U.S. government all members ample, the July 1 Daily World has rective labor colony of strict regime, Association of Jurists. He has since of the Organization of American States an article by Erik Bert, who has been and to five years in exile after that." been forcibly confined in a Soviet psy­ (OAS) except Mexico broke relations doing a whole series attacking Soviet Even the Daily World's coverage was chiatric hospital. The text that Turner­ with the Castro government. dissenters. Bert describes samizdat as more accurate. In its brief report on man sent out contains the same er­ At the June meeting of the OAS in "the arsenal of Radio Liberty [a U. S. January 7, it included mention of the rors cited by the unnamed compilers Washington, the Velasco regime for­ government-sponsored anti-Soviet sta­ two-year prison stipulation, though it in this statement in the Chronicle. mally proposed lifting all diplomatic tion broadcasting to the USSR in Rus­ too left out the fact that the victim Thus, apparently theirs is the same and other sanctions against Cuba. sian and other languages], prepared had to pay court costs.) text, and Tumerman presumably took The resolution was defeated thirteen by the Central Intelligence Agency, Commenting further on the Vecher­ full responsibility for it with the aim votes to seven, with three absten­ for suborning treason in the Soviet nyaya Moskva story, the Chronicle of protecting others from the police tions. D Union, for preparing the overthrow cites another example of factual dis- reprisals sure to follow. 0 World Outlook W0/4

An interview with four Brazilian Trotskyists

[The following are excerpts from an reached a certain stage. Guerrilla war­ Q. What do you think of the Rus­ sion will lessen in the future? interview granted to an American fare is only one form of armed strug­ sian, Chinese, and Cuban regimes? member of the Socialist Workers Par­ gle which the masses may use in the A. The repression is different in dif­ ty by four members of the Bolshevik­ process of the revolution. But guer­ A. Russia is a degenerated workers ferent areas of Brazil. A complicated Trotskyist Faction of Brazil last Feb­ rilla war as a strategy cannot build state. The leadership in Russia has process is going on within the ruling ruary. The interview took place in an a vanguard of the working class that nothing to do with a truly revolution­ sectors today. There are growing dif­ adjoining country.] can lead the class struggle concretely ary movement. China is a workers ferences within the ruling class and day by day. state also with a bureaucracy, but we also an increase in the class struggle, We are in favor of the Transition­ do not believe it is the same as Rus­ especially in Sao Paulo. We do not Question. When did your group be­ al Program as the approach for our sia. In any case, we are for political believe that we should rule out the gin? movement. revolution in both Russia and China. possibility of increased repression in We have had some very concrete For us Cuba is also a workers state, the immediate period ahead. Answer. The Faction began in the and negative experiences with those but it does not have either a consoli­ south of Brazil in 1968. It started who advocate guerrilla warfare. For dated privileged bureaucracy or work­ Q. Is the repression aimed primar­ with workers and students who broke example, we once succeeded in orga­ ers' democracy. ily at the guerrilla war groups? away from the Posadistas. * mzmg a very strong group of At first we were regional groups. thousands of agricultural workers in Q. What is your opinion of the A. No. It is aimed at all the groups. We attempted to organize various na­ the sugar industry under extremely Allende regime? The difference is that they are more tional conferences to discuss what our difficult conditions. We expected to win likely to kill those who participate in line should be. But our discussions the trade union to a class-struggle A. It is a bourgeois reformist gov­ armed struggle. But worker leaders and attempts to clarify our political line. Then one of these guerrilla ernment, in no way a workers state. have also been killed. There are many line were interrupted in April and May groups, which had never done any cases of long imprisonment for of 1970 because of the violent repres­ work among the workers, decided to working-class militants. As we have sion against us. Almost our entire provoke an "uprising" by burning all pointed out, today there are very few Central Committee was imprisoned. the sugarcane. The authorities im­ involved in armed struggle so that mediately accused us of having Information received as of July ·the repressive apparatus is orienting burned the sugarcane. The result was more towards the groups doing mass 21 indicates that a number of confusion among the masses and re­ work in the factories and universities. members of the Bolshevik-Trotsky­ pression against the class-struggle We might add that in some cases ist Faction, including some of wing of the trade union. The revolu­ when prisoners have been named in those interviewed, hove recently tionists working with the masses were protests outside of Brazil, they have imprisoned. The landowners were re­ been imprisoned by the Brazilian been put in solitary confinement. In imbursed by the government for their dictatorship. one such case we know of, a political burned sugarcane and the trade-union prisoner has been in solitary confine­ elections in which the class-struggle In spite of these difficulties we con­ ment for two years now. tinued to define our positions and to wing would have won were suspended reorganize. All our discussions cen­ so that the union remained under Q. Would you like to send a mes­ tered around the problem of how to bureaucratic control. sage to the revolutionary movement build a Trotskyist party in Brazil. Naturally when guerrilla warfare is in the United States? a product of mass struggles, that is USLA Reporter Today we are in the process of form­ ing a Trotskyist party, uniting with different. But in Brazil all the guerrilla A. We are in full solidarity with Q. What is your opznzon of the Rus­ warfare people are from the petty the struggles there such as the anti­ another Trotskyist current that exists sian invasion of Czechoslovakia? inside Brazil and other groups that bourgeoisie. They do not work and war movement, the workers and op­ live with the masses. Actually, how­ are moving towards Trotskyism. A. We have gone through a pro­ pressed nationalities, and the women's ever, the proguerrilla warfare groups longed process of discussion on this. liberation movement. The concrete hardly exist anymore inside Brazil. Q. Are the majority of your mem­ We have no formal position at this struggles in the United States have bers inside Brazil? time due to the repression which inter­ directly helped our struggle in Brazil. Q. But is it possible to carry out rupted our dis~ussion. In the future we hope to learn more A Almost all our members are in­ mass work in factories and among about the revolutionary movement in students under the present conditions side Brazil. Our position on this is Q. Do you believe that the repres- the United States. 0 that our members must stay in Brazil of repression? except for extreme situations. A We are doing it. We are carrying Q. Do you have any members in out limited work inside the working prison today? class. Basically we are building fac­ How Nixon is tory committees in the plants. These A Yes. Some of our central leaders committees have to be clandestine or Political prisoners are in prison. Many others have been semiclandestine, but they can then in­ captured. Actually, most of our mem­ tervene more openly inside the trade in Brazil appeal 'Vietnamizing' bers are being sought by the police, unions. that is, they are on the wanted list. to Jack Anderson Nevertheless, all these comrades are In trade-union work it is necessary mass murder continuing to function on a daily basis to build broad formations with mini­ Columnist Jack Anderson reported inside Brazil. mal demands. We integrate ourselves July 3 that a group of Brazilian pris­ in the semispontaneous opposition oners have sent him "a poignant mes­ Q. In what areas of Brazil does groupings in each factory to provide sage through a network of interme­ 0 0 rst. Then Nixon. wee an orientation and political clarity. diaries" appealing for help. "They your group exist? since the beginning, Intercontinental Also, of course, we recruit the best learned in early June that they would Press has been exposing the real aims be split up and transferred from Sao A We have functioning groups in elements to the party. of the White House, the Pentagon, Paulo's Carandiru [prison] to other various areas of the northeastern re­ In the student movement we have the State Department, and the CIA raised the slogan of an alliance be­ prisons throughout Brazil. Because gion of the country. Also in the heav­ in Indochina. ily populated and industrialized areas tween students and workers. Our ma­ they had dared to protest against in­ Our forecasts have been borne out in the central and southern coasts we jor opponents among the students used human conditions in the prison, they with remarkable consistency. are making headway, some of it rather to be those who were for an ultraleft feared they were being transferred to U.S. troops out of Indochina NOW! good. guerrilla line. Today that current has break up their group and to kill them To make your efforts more effective, disappeared and is no longer a major quietly and individually," Anderson arm yourself with the facts. Read Q. What is your position on guer­ problem. wrote. Intercontinental Press every week. rilla warfare? Before turning to Anderson, the pris­ Q. What is the opinion of your group oners had appealed to the director A We think it is incorrect if applied of the Fourth International? of the prison and to Archbishop Paulo Intercontinental Press as a general strategy. We favor be­ Evaristo Arns, who had protected P.O. Box 116 coming rooted in the working-class A. We believe that the Fourth In­ them in the past. They also announced Village Station New York, N.Y. 10014 and student movement in order to ternational is in the process of being that they were going on a hunger consolidate a revolutionary party. built. strike. The military authorities who Name ______Although we oppose guerrilla war­ Formally, we have not yet made a control the prison refused to allow Street------fare as a strategy, we do not reject decision and will be discussing and the archbishop to talk with the pris­ City ______using it when the class struggle has deciding our position on the Fourth oners. State _____Zip _____ International soon. Part of our prob­ ''When this avenue failed," said An­ lem is our isolation, owing to the derson, "they sent word to us that * The followers of Juan Posadas, a for­ Enclosed is $7.50 for 6 months. mer leader of the Latin American Trotsky­ repression in Brazil. It is very dif­ 'the survival of all prisoners' depend­ Enclosed is $]5 for one year. ist movement, who broke from the Fourth ficult for us to get information on ed on help from those 'who love jus­ Enclosed is 50c for a single copy. International more than a decade ago. what is happening internationally. tice.'" 0 Labor otticials and Mc&overn Meany tears Democratic Party reforms Will encourage unrest among workers

By FRANK LOVELL who headed the CIO at the time, that of the bosses does not endear him The Marine Engineers' Beneficial The AFL-CIO Executive Council's re­ faced· with Eisenhower's Republican to working men and women. His po- Association has endorsed Nixon, as fusal by a 27 -to-3 vote on July 19 administration, this was the best way litical record as a war hawk does not has the International Longshoremen's to endorse the Democratic Party presi­ to hold together what they both re­ recommend him either. The majority Association. These endorsements are dential ticket occUI:red behind closed garded as "labor's political coalition." of workers who go to the polls will most likely an exchange for some re­ doors. Most of the 30 high-ranking vote Democratic. But many will not cent government ship-building con­ time servers who were present had Old coalition disintegrates do so ·enthusiastically because it has tracts and some hints that more goods no understanding of the social forces Times have changed since 1955. brought them no returns in the past. shipped from this country will be · that prompted their action. The combined votes of the Black com­ According to all reports, they had munities and labor succeeded in elect­ · subdued feelings of anguish, anxiety, ing Kennedy in 1960. Johnson's land­ resentment, and, also some embarrass­ slide victory in 1964 resulted from a ment. Meany even mouthed rhetoric broader temporary coalition that was about considering a labor party. built in large part on antiwar senti­ Since the merger of the AFL craft ment and fear of a Goldwater victory. unions with the CIO industrial unions Behind this was the solid support in 1955, the AFL-CIO officialdom has major sections of the capitalist class gave Johnson. A officially supported all the presidential candidates of the Democratic Party. Nixon won the 1968 election with The CIO officials-beginning in a minority of the popular vote. This D 1936 with Roosevelt's campaign for a proved that the combined labor and second term-became an essential Black vote, although essential to a part of the Democratic Party's vote­ Democratic victory, -was no longer s catching coalition. But this "tradition" sufficient by itself to defeat the Repub­ was broken before it really got started. licans. Moreover, the Democrats can John L. Lewis, as president of the no longer count on the "solid South," CIO, endorsed Republican candidate which they depended on for their vic­ Wendell Wilkie in 1940. Other CIO to.ries in the days of Roosevelt leaders, including_ Sidney Hillman and The present-day trade-union bureau­ Philip Murray, continued to work for crats do not understand the funda­ the Democrats. They supported the mental social and economic changes ..... coalition of Black and unj.on voters that have occurred. But they know that Demonstrators in Miami Beach protest labor officials' convention role · that, along with the Southern for some reason the Democratic Party Dixiecrats, returned' the Democrats to is not able to win elections as it once power in every election from 1936 did; They like to pick winners, hoping An unspoken fear haunts Meany and -. carried in American ships. until1952. that in this way a few favo:rs will the others, including those who have · Each of the capitalist parties already '!'he_lab_o~ bureaucrats have always fall to them. The Meany gang does not already endorsed McGovern. They · has its own "labor committee." This sought to maneuver for favors within think--McGovern is a;winner'fhis year. fear those young workers who reject reflects only the narrow, self-serving the framework of the two-party They have some other '· things the traditional ways cif the old union- interests of the union "leaders" in the . system. Before the labor upsurge of in mind, too. In all th~ years it con­ management bargaining relations, camp of both the Democrats and Re~ the 1930s, however, they usually with­ trolled the White House and the longer oppose the war, demand living wages publicans. held official endorsement of presiden~ now, and think there ought to be jobs By urging the "neutral" position of tial candidates. for everyone-the young workers the AFL-CIO -Executive Council, The old AFL craft unions departed McGovern · appears to be trying to Meany tries to create the impression from this practice when they endorsed reach. that he is anxious to please both sides. the La Follette-Wheeler ticket of the The old-line ·union officials are much But this is· hardly his most important Progressive Party. in 1924. Samuel more afraid of these union members consideration, and in this he will not Gompers, who was then president of than they are of Nixon. They are succeed either. the AFL, explained that they took waiting for assurances that McGovern The present union bureaucracy, this ·unusual action because "both the will in no way encourage this explo- typified by Meany and Steelworkers Republican and Democratic national sive element in the unions before they President I. W. Abel, will not seriously party conventions flaunted the desires start pouring money into his cam- consider or in any way aid in the for­ oflabor.... " paign. mation of a labor party in this coon- Gompers emphasized that neitJ;ler he Their fears are largely ill-founded. try. nor the federation was in any way McGovern's campaign managers are Any loose talk of a possible labor committed to other groups supporting busy trying to convince union officials party by Meany and his associates La Follette-in this- case, the Socialist that his election will relieve some of is no more than a half-hearted threat Party, which then had some influence the present pressure on theunionmove- to the Democratic Party on the out­ in the unions. Gompers also empha­ ment and help defuse the possible ex- side chance that it may serve to attract sized that endorsing La Follette did plosion. · some attention and give Meany a little Meany fears impad of antiwar not mean the AFL favored the forma­ A large group of union officials is more weight in those councils. movement, women's movement, tion of a third party. already pledged to McGovern. An- In 1959, when the Kennedy­ After the 1924 ·election, Gompers re­ and Black and Chicano move­ other, smaller group has announced Landrum-Griffin bill was under con­ minded the political bosses in the ments .on rank-and-file workers for Nixon. Those backing Nixon are sideration, Meany began talking Democratic and Republican parties such as these. victims of a form of political entrap- about a labor party. He thought the that the 5 million votes for La Follette menl. Teamsters President Frank Democrats would listen. When the law ought to show them they couldn't ig­ Fitzsimmons is paying off his debt was passed,. Meany stopped all talk nore the modest requests of the trade­ time it has controlled the Congress, for Nixon's releasing James Hoffa, of a labor party. His threat served union bureaucrats in the future. But the Democratic Party has not delivered ex-president of the Teamsters union no purpose at all because every know­ Gompers opposed the idea of a labor one significant piece of social legis- and Fitzsimmons's mentor, from jail. ledgeable person inside and outside party and clung. to the two-party lation. It has not improved the eco- Some officials of the New- York the government knew it was not system. The capitalist politicians ig­ nomic condition of the working class · building-trades unions are afraid they serious. Meany dutifully endorsed Ken­ nored his impotent threats. or advanced the organizational aims will be caug~t in the exposure of nedy in the 1960 election. If there is any question of "tradition" of the union movement bribery scandals in the construction The need for a labor party will in the latest political move of the AFL­ On the contrary, the Democrats industry. They hope that endorsing certainly be the first point on the CIO Executive Council, it must he share responsibility for enacting the the Republican Party will buy im- agenda when the union movement recognized that this is a return to the Taft-Hartley law in 1947 and munity. seriously considers political action. But tradition of Gompers and the oldAFL. the Kennedy-Landrum-Griffin law in Similarly, in the maritime unions this will come with the development It marks no great change on Meany's 1959. The Democrats were the authors the Justice Department recently failed of a left wing in the unions based on part because he never departed from of the Economic Stabilization Act of to press c]larges of financial irregular- a class-struggle program. that tradition. 1970, which enabled wage controls ity against President Paul Hall of the The present union officialdom hopes When Meany became AFL-CIO to be imposed. Seafarers' International Union. It to solve its problems by resurrecting president with the 1955 merger, he Meany was· right when he acknow- will be no surprise if Hall, a former the old AFL's traditional politics of simply went along with the CIO prac­ ledged that he is unable to influence contributor to the Democratic Party, rewarding labor's friends and punish­ tice of endorsing the Democratic Party the votes of workers. His record as switches hls political account to the ing labor's enemies. It didn't work in ticket. He agreed with Walter Reuther, an opponent of strikes and a friend Republicans. the past, and 'it won't help them now.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 13 _Meets with Spanish Alliance members Jenness condemns Boston police attack on Puerto Rican community celebration By DAVE WULP "One of the so-called community don't realize that we are expressing South End, is campaigning on a plat­ BOSTON, July 22-A Puerto Rican leaders called the cops. They were . a much deeper anger and frustration." forrv. that includes full control by the cultural festival held in Boston's South right there ready and they started hit­ On July. 17 and 18, the police were Puerto Rican community of every as­ End was attacked by the police on ·ting everyone. The people got very . still occupying the Puerto Rican com­ pect of its own life, including the po­ July 16. More than 50 Puerto Ricans angry because the cops had no busi­ munity. A meeting was held July 17 lice." were arrested and many were injured ness hitting everybody just to stop to ask that the police involved in the While in the New England area, and hospitalized when approximately a fight between two men." brutality be suspended and that both Jenness also spoke at a meeting in 200 cops attacked the parade of 5,000 Diaz said she saw "a police wagon the police and the mayor of Boston Natick, Mass., attended by 50 anti­ people with clubs, pistols, and police with a whole bunch of dogs inside. apologize to the community. Both of war and community activists, and at dogs. The police riot was followed They opened the door.s and let the . the requests were rejected. campaign meetings at Harvard and by two days of rebellion in the South dogs out. There was a family, a fam­ Jenness learned that the state of Mas­ Northeastern universities. One hun­ End, the Spanish-speaking community ily that belongs to the Pentecostal sachusetts has a contract with Puerto dred eighty people attended a cam­ in Boston where 20,000 to 25,000 church. They were sitting on their Rico to provide migrant farm labor. paign rally in Boston the evening of Puerto Ricans live. steps and two dogs jumped on them. The Puerto Ricans come to do farm July 21 to hear Jenness speak on Socialist Workers Party presidential One person got bitten and wa,s bleed­ work during the summer and then "Socialism: Can It Work?" the key­ candidate Linda Jenness, who was ing. Then an old woman who was move into Boston to try to get fac­ note speech kicking off a socialist cam­ touring the Boston area last week, sitting on the steps fell to the pave- tory jobs. Because of this arrange­ paign weekend. ment, over half ·of the Puerto Ricans In Providence, R; I., Jenness ap­ in the South End speak little or no peared at a news conference to launch English. But only one cop on the the SWP's petitioning drive to place entire police force speaks any Spanish. Pat DeTemple, candidate for U.S. Sen­ Daisey Diaz, Edwin Quiles, and oth­ ate, and Jenness and Pulley on the ers interviewed by Jenness were very Rhode Island ballot. Every major bitter toward the "community leaders," newspaper and television station in who are heads of government agencies , the Providence area attended. in the South End. In Massachusetts, where the SWP "The people have courage but they recently -achieved ballot status, the have no program and no leadership. news media were especially interested The so-called community leaders work in Jenness's visit. In addition to/ re­ with the mayor, the _governor, and· ceiving coverage- in three Boston news­ the cops, and they also deal in drugs. papers and having several radio inter­ They try to pacify the community with views, Jehness appeared on WRKO­ priests, church services, and drugs. TV for a half-hour interview, which "What we want are jobs, housing, was seen by 75,000 people, and on food, and for the world fo treat us a five-minute spot on WGBH-TV. Boston Spanish Alliance members describe police assault on Puerto with respect because we are a dig­ During· Jenness's tour, 26 people Rican community to Linda Jenness. nified people. We blame these leaders signed cards endorsing the SWP cam­ as in.uch as anyone, for they are just paign, and 10 people decided to join out for themselves and get paid to the Young Socialist Alliance. went to· the South End July 21 to ment. I got scared then and went the pacify the community," Jenness was interview people about the police at­ other way." told. tack. Jenness also taped a half-hour Apparently there is not yet an ac­ Jenness issued a statement to the radio show in Spanish, released a curate count of how many people were press after her fact-finding visit to the news statement about the attack, met injured or hospitalized. The Boston South End. "The attack by police on with four members of the Spanish Al­ Globe . puts the figure at somewhere the Puerto Rican festival was com­ liance, and taped a fifteen-minute ra­ between 25 and 50. But Daisey Diaz pletely unjustified," she said. "The real dio interview for WL YN's Spanish­ insisted it was much more. intent of that attack was not to stop speaking audience. "I went down to the Boston City an alleged fight in the crowd, but Daisey Diaz, a working mother from Hospital," she said, "and there were to remind Puerto Ricans of their the South End, described the attack a bunch of cops outside trying to 'place' in this city and this country to Jenness. "A fight broke out between keep people from getting into the hos­ and to keep them in it. . . . The So­ two men because one of the men had pital." cialist Workers Party supports the asked the other man's wife to dance. Edwin Quiles, a young Puerto Rican Puerto Rican community's attempt to Everybody was trying to get thell' active in the community, told Jenness defend itself. to stop fighting because this was sup­ about the response in the community. "Along with myself, Jeanne Lafferty, posed to be our day, Puerto Rican ' "The government thinks we are angry SWP candidate from the 9th congres­ ~~ Day. just because we were beaten up. They sional district, which i~cludes the Jeanne LaHerty Three. more reasons why your t972 campaign contributions should go .to Jenness & .Pulley. 'f."I am convinced that if we were to do what they (antiwar dem- Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley, unlike McGovern and Nixon, onstrators) are advocating, a precipitate withdrawal before the support and build the movement against the war. War contrac- South Vietnamese had a chance to prevent a Communist take- tors don't contribute to our campaign and have no voice in its over, that would lead to a very dangerous situation in the Pa- program. cific."-Richard M. Nixon, quoted in the April 20, 1971 New We need your help! Tensofthousandsofdollars must be raised York Times. to continue the work of the Jenness-Pulley campaign. Please con­ tribute whatever you can afford. 2. "I used to participate in those demonstrations, as you know. But I've decided the ,best thing I can ~o now is run for the Pres­ ( ) I can contribute $_to the Jenriess-Pulley campaign. (------­ ) I can contribute $__ per month to the Jenness-Pulley cam­ idency."- George McGovern, quoted in the April 20, 1971 Ohio State University Lantern. paign between now and November.

3. "And together, we're telling Richard Nixon, and we're serving Name------~--~------notice to all the politicians, Democrats and Republicans alike, Address __~------~------that nobody is going to stop our movement until we win the total City State ZiP------and unconditional withdrawal of all U.S. forces from Southeast Clip and mai.l .to: Socialist Workers 1972 Campaign Committee, Asia."- Linda Jenness at Nov. 6, 1971, antiwar demonstration 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. in New York. '

14 Fight ·against WaSh. Enters. new legal evidence filing fees· continues Jenness tours Ohio in By SCOTT BREEN the fees were small enough that a OLYMPIA, Wash., July 20-Today "serious" candidate could raise money fight for ballot status in Thurston County Superior Court, to pay them. Bryan claimed that the By DUNCAN WILLIAMS the Speaker of the House of Repre­ Judge Robert Bryan ruled unfavor­ states have a right and an obliga-. CLEVELAND, July 25--,. Support in­ sentatives shall, upon his resignation ably in a class-action suit brought tion to protect the ballot from "friv­ creas~d for the right of Linda Jenness, as Speaker and as Representative in by the Committee for Democratic Elec­ olous" candidates. Socialist Workers . Party presidential Congress, act ·as President." tion Laws ( CoDEL) and the Wash­ Bryan, whose annual salary is $27,- The act provides that if the ington American Civil Liberties 000, stated that "the question raised candidate, to be on the Ohio ballot Speaker's "discharge 1 of the powers Union. The suit challenged Washing­ here presupposes that there are people1 during her recent tour here. and duties of the office is founded in ton's filing-fee requirexp.ent for can­ who are poor, and asks that the court On July 24, Jenness, Benjamin whole or in part on the failure of both didates. The fees, based on 1 percent recognize a class of poor people." He Sheerer, Committee for Democratic the President-elect and the Vice-Presi­ of the salary of the office sought, said that "if there is such· a class, Election Laws (CoDEL) cooperating dent-elect to qualify, then he shall range from $35 to $425. ' people of that class have a right to attorney, and CoDE:{.. supporters.held act only until a President or Vice get out of it. The guy who is broke a news conference to announce the President qualifies." today is not necessarily broke tomor­ submission of new legal arguments in row." her case. CoDEL expects a decision These provision!! make it clear that Showing gross insensitivity to the soon on the suit· it filed in federal Brown's action is arbitrary and un­ condition of the great number of un­ district court to ·force Ohio Secretary constitutional. employed persons in Washington, of State Ted Brown to grant Jenness Appearing with Jenness at the July Bryan went on to say that "with no and her running mate, Andrew Pul­ 24 news conference were Paul Olynyk fee, an unemployed person may be 'ley, a place on the Ohio ballot. of Cleveland SANE, and Ron Weiner, tempted to run for office just to get Brown ruled Jenness off the ballot Democratic Party precinct committee­ the salary for that office." on the grounds that she is "too y{)ung" m!in. Both read statements supporting Two days prior to. the court hearing, to serve. He claims that placing her Jenness's right to be on the ballot. CoDEL announced new support for on the ballot would create a "constitu­ The Cleveland Plain Dealer, several· the suit. Presen.t at a news conference tional crisis" in Ohio. According to the radio stations, and NB C-affililite to announce this development were U.S. Constitution, a person must be WKYC-TV covered the news eon-·· Paul Disario, vice-president of the 35 to serve as president. Jenness is ference. Washington Young Democrats and an 31. Jenness's ballot fight continues· to aide to the gubernatorial campaign The new legal arguments are based gain broad support. Recent endorsers of Democratic front-runner State Sen­ on the fact that both the U.S. Consti­ of CoDEL include Edward Davis, ator Martin Durkan, and Ricardo tution and Congress have made pro­ president of the Akron City Council, Garcia, executive secretary of the vision for the case of the election of and Carol Richardson, secretary of American Federation of State, County W ashifigton State Commission on a candidate to the office of president and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Mexican-American Affairs. who ·does not meet the requirements Disario read a statement of support District Council 7 8. set do~n in the Constitution. from Senator Durkan, which said in Jenness's tour began here with a Gary Johnson The _Twentieth Amendment to the ·part, "I agree wholeheartedly with the banquet attended'by 70 people at Debs· Constitution, popularly known as the committee's. opposition to a large fil­ Continued on page 22 Plaintiffs in the suit include three ing fee for candidates. Filing fees pre­ "Lame-Duck Amendment," contains a Socialist Workers Party candidates, vent poor people from seeking public little-noticed provision that "the Con~­ Judy Moschetto (U.S. Congress, 7th office and prevent the voter from hav­ gress ma:y by law provide for the C. D.), Ann Montague (secretary of ing a wide choice of candidates so case wherein neither a President elect state), and Gary Johnson (superinten­ necessary to our democratic process. nor a Vice-President elect shall have dent ofpublic instruction). Public office is rapidly becoming a qualified, declaring who shall have CO&EL an:l10Utieed it w()uld imme­ place for the very rich and often un­ qualified, declaring who shall then act diately appeal the decision to the State responsive politician. One way to re­ as President, or the manner in which ·one who is . to act shall be selected, Supreme Court. verse this unfortunate trend is by the ACL U coop.erating attorneys Barry elimination of a large filing fee." Re­ and such person shall act accord­ Bat:nes and Eugene Moen argued that ports of this news conference were car­ ingly until -a President or Vice-Presi­ the· fees discriminate against poor can­ ried on two TV stations and major dent shall have qualified." didates and restrict the constitutional radio stations in the Seattle-Tacoma As provided for in the Twentieth rights of free speech and assembly area. Amendment, ,Congress enacted the of poor candidates and poor voters Two days after the unfavorable rul­ Presidential Succession Act in 1947 alike. - ing, Secretary of State A. Ludlow Kra­ (amended in 1965 and 1966). This Judge Bryan agreed with Assistant mer, the defendant in the CoDEL suit, law provides that "If, by reason. of Attorney General Wayne Williams that Continued on page 21 death, resignation, removal from of­ fice, inability, or failure to qualify, there is neither a President nor Vice - PresideQt to discharge the powers and Denver Crusade for duties of the office of President, then Linda Jenness Justice hears Pulley SWP candidates protest By JON HILLSON nouncement that the Colorado secre­ DENVER, July 22 -Andrew Pulley, tary of state had confirmed that Linda Socialist Workers Party vice-presiden­ Jenness and Andrew Pulley would aR­ CP ruled off Pa. ballot tial candidate, presented greetings to pear on the Colorado ballot. Nearly By HARVEY McARTH.UR "We feel .· it is significant that you the weekly meeting of the Crusade · $300 was raised for the SWP cam­ PHILADELPHIA, July 24- The at­ have made this decision at a time for Justice during his recent tour of paign. torney general of Pennsylvania has when more and more Pennsylvanians Denver. The Crusade is the Denver As Pulley's tour ended, three cam­ advised the secretary of state to re­ are looking for an alternative to the County organizing center for La Raza paign supporters decid-ed to join the fuse to certify the Communist Party's Democratic and Republican parties Unida Party. ' Denver Young Socialist Alliance. nominating petitions on the basis of and the policies they represent. Pulley, who was warmly received the Communist Control Act of 1954. by the more than 60 Chicano activists The Communist Party announced that "We are sure that you are aware of present at the July 19 Crusade meet­ the American Civil Liberties Union the suit brought by the Socialist Work- ing, expressed his solidarity and that will go to court to seek a reversal ers 'Party and the Communist Party, of the 1972 Socialist Workers cam­ of this blatantly unconstitutional de- among others, that challenged the new cision. petitioning requirement set by the state paign with the Chicano liberation . - / struggle. He eommended ·the Crusade The -cp filed 40,000 signatUres, legislature. As you know, we won a for its powerful impact in the struggle 4,000 more than the required number" major victory in federal court, extend- for ·-. Chicano self-determination and to put its presidential and vice-pres- ing the petitioning time until mid­ stat~d his _support for the independent idential candidates, Gus . HaU . and August. ' Chicano parties · deVeloping in the Jarvis Ty,ner, on the ballo~.. Appa,rent~ "We will conduct an equally vigor- Southwest. · ly, the state has not begun to. check ous campaign in suppc;>rt of thE; right ~arlier in- the ·day Pulley had inet the validity of the signatures. · · ·' of the Communist Party to be 011 tjle -... - with' Crusade founder and Colorado In a letter to the attorney general ballot, or in' defense of aily other party La ;Raza Unida Party Chairman Ro­ released today, three candidates of the that you may choose to harass in the_ . ;, dolf<> "Corky" Gonzales. Socia~t. Workers Party in P~nnsyl,. future;" . -c.'< \._:_ ~ July 18, PUlley was the keynote vania joined with the CP in- denounc- . The letter- was signed by . Nancy spe$ker at a campaign r~y attended ing this undemocratic decisi90. · · · Strebe, SWP candidate ·for u. S.. ~ Con- by ~0 supporters. Pulley's speech was "W e f~ that' if is 'a basic 'democratic ' g~esl . from, th~ lst c. D.;' Haive)/:Mc- co~red by the Detlver: ;, .•. - • • • ..... : -~ .. -... _,_ •• ~ -._ .;;..·1_;,. ·, -j.;." . ... -t<.~ ' " •. • _,.i.,.. ,". {<> •• •• • • " • • '" • • ' • • ,.._,' •• -· ~ '-;' • ~_._·&; ·, ··;·~-~.<<.. ~~. -. :V'~I·~;.."»~t:: ,.:.;. ._.,_. -·: . ·- ...,:--'{' .... ~ .... ' THE MnJTAM/AUGUST 4, 1972 ··SWP petitioners in N.Y.'COIIect more than 45,000 signatures in first week of drive By PETER SEIDMAN emphasize that we're petitioning for alist Labor Party are also circulating - nated in place of Linda Jenness and NEW YORK, July 25 - The cam­ the Socialist Workers Party," agreed petitions for ballot statUs in New Andrew Pulley. ·Neither Jenness nor paign to place a slate of Socialist Joe Henry, Brooklyn's Socialist Work­ York. The CP has announced that it Pulley meets the. age requirement of Workers Party candidates on the New ers Party organizer. will attempt to collect 110,000 signa­ 35 for hold!ng the offic~ of president York ballot got off to an unprecedent­ tures in six weeks' time. As of July and vice-presi

Black coP-§ testify_ Chicago police brutality scored at hearings . ' By ANDREA LAND coalition called Concerned Citizens for centive to stop and search people, no ement" so that "capital" might come CHICAGO, J,!llY 24- Howard Saffold, Police Reforms (CCPR), Metcalfe is matter how flimsy the pretext. back into the community. His con­ a Black police officer, revealed here demanding a substantial. increase in Any gun found on a person servative opinions drew outbursts of today that Chicago police are award­ the number of Black policemen and searched, he reported, is immediately laughter from the audience. ed departmental points for the num­ the establishment of civilian review seized. If the officer finds that the Father Dennis Kendrick and Black ber of tickets they issue, arrests they boards to monitor the activities of weapon has not been stolen but le­ policeman Robert Irvin had testified make, and curfew violations they cite. the police department. gally acquired, he often keeps it for earlier. Father Kendrick is associate His testimony came in a hearing on: Saffold, who is president of Afro­ use later as a drop-gun. pastor of the Immaculate Conception police brutality. American Patrolmen's League, point­ A drop-gun, Saffold explained, is Church, which is located near the Ca­ The hearing was attended by 125 ed out that only 15 percent of Chi­ employed when a policeman has shot brini-Green housing project. N~arly people,. most of whom were Black. cago's 13,000 police are Black, al­ and killed an unarmed person. To all of the 10,000 residents of the proj­ It was the third hearing Illinois Con­ though more than one-third of Chi­ make it seem like the officer's life was ect are Black. gressman Ralph Metcalfe has con­ cago's population is Black. He ex­ threatened, he places the extra pistol Kendrick reported an incident of po­ vened as part of his campaign against plained that awarding officers points on or near the victim. This is just lice brutality that occurred the night the Chicago police department. on the· basis of how many arrests one of the ways the police get away of Sept. 26, 1970, while he was chap­ As head of the predominantly Black they make gives them a strong in- with murder. eroning a youth dance in the area. Saffold stressed that it was impos­ When the dance was over and the sible for the police to monitor them­ youths began to leave the hall, sev­ selves. He felt that civilians were in eral squad cars suddenly pulled up the best position to perfOrm this task. in front. Police jumped out brandish­ He said the Afro-American Patrol­ ing nightsticks and guns. men's League was concerned about Earlier the police had received a halting the growing polarization be­ call for help from another officer who tween Black and white cops and win­ claimed he had been shot at. But he ning equal opportunity for Blacks on was six blocks away. When the cops the force. in the squad cars spotted the crowd Sergeant Arthur Lindsay, a much of youths, they forgot all about the older Black officer, testified after Saf­ call for help and proceeded to attack fold. Lindsay is a vice-president of the youths. Several of the youths were the Guardians, another organization badlY beaten; others were arrested. of Black police. - Because Robert Irvin objected to the Lindsay supported the CCPR's de­ verbal abuse the police subjected ;Fa­ mands but said he was hesitant about ther kendrick to, he was later. ha:., Congressman Ralph Metcalfe confronting Chicago police superintendent speaking out against the stop-and­ rassed by white cops. . James Conlisk this spring with demands for citizen review board and frisk law. He talked about ridding the The CCPR's fmal-hearing is slated more Black police. Black community ,.of the "crimlnal el- for July 31.·

16 .Montreal celebrates national holiday_ . 50,000 march for a 'French Quebec' The foll~wing is from Labor Chal­ lenge, a revolutionary-socialist bi­ weekly published in Tor:onto.

By PHIL COURNEYEUR MONTREAL, June 25- Well over 50,- 000 Quebecois took to the streets last night in a huge unofficial cele.bration of their national holiday, Saini-Jean­ Baptiste day, The celebration was "un­ official" because Mayor Jean Drapeau of Montreal (who spent the day in the United States) refused to give city sup­ port, accusing the organizers of rep­ resenting no one but themselves. The theme of the action-for a French Quebec-was prominent every­ where at the festival. Slogans, banners, chanting, group singing, buttons, flags, coat lapels- in hundreds of ways the crowd affirmed their desire for a Quebec free from foreign dom­ ination. One of the most popular items of the day was a sticker with the words "NOUS: On fete le Quebec Fran~ais" (We celebrate French Quebec) distrib­ uted by the Common Front of the three trade union bodies in Montreal. Earlier in the day over 2,000 peo­ Labor Challenge ple walked through east Montreal in Mass celebration of St.-Jean-Baptiste Day in Montreal, June 24 a "March for a French Quebec" or­ ganized by the Front Commun pour Ia Defense de Ia Langue Fran~aise Ligue Socialiste Ouvriere and the Saint-Jean celebrations took place dentist Forum, similar to the Van­ (FCDLA- Common Front for the De­ Ligue des Jeunes Socialistes. in dozens of other Quebec cities and guard Forum in English Canada) an­ fence of the French Language). The The FCDLF leaflet, calling for the towns, including the capital. The theme nounced a follow .up action for Con­ march began in the pouring rain with repeal of Bill 63 and for French as -assertion of French language rights federation Day, J~ly 1. On June .30 some 400 people but gathered another the language of work in Quebec, de­ -was common across Quebec. the Forum Independantiste will hold 2,000 en route to Vieux Montreal. The nounc~d Drapeau's attack on the na­ In Montreal sales of the Quebecois an "Assembly for a Free Quebec march had the support of the trade tional holid~y: "The attempf to sup­ independentist and socialist paper against Confederation" with such union federations in Montreal a,nd was press our national celebration is part Liberation were more than brisk. speakers as Pierre Vallieres, Manon announced as part of the Saint-Jean and parcel of the daily suppression Leger of the Ligue Socialiste Ouvri~re, celebrations. Among: its principal or­ of our language going on in the Thousands of leaflets, distributed by a representative of the Parti Quebecois, ganizers were the Trotskyists of the schools and on the job." the Tribune Independantiste (Indepen- and others.

Interview with Michel Chartrand· The liberation struggle of Quebec workers By TONY THOMAS Chartrand has been one of the most pointing out that the bulk of the paying union dues for over 20 years "The Quebecois workers are doubly militant and controversial labo.r lead­ Quebec eeonomy is owned by u. s. and he's out of a job? If the labor ·exploited and colonized as workers ers in Quebec for years. A huge cross­ corporations and the rest by English movement doesn't go into politics­ and as Quebecois; country defense effort was built for Canadians. it's acting like you don't know him. "The Quebecois workers have the him when the Canadian government "If your language is not useful to Who's going to look after him? Who's right to self-determination in order to attempted to frame him in 1970. The earn your living," he continued, "it going to put up a fight for him, to create a completely new society where, government's move came in the wake will soon become useless in the rest change the system, to get economic ·thanks to a socialist mode of pro­ of their imposition of martial law in of your life. This is a very impor­ democracy- socialis~ -instead of duction . . . they will be responsible, Quebec. tant question for us. We are five mil­ capitalism, which is an economic dic­ free, and equal; I asked him why the Quebecois lion in a North America of 300 mil­ tatorship? That's the job of the labor "The exploiters of the Quebecois workers need both independence and lion English-speakers. We have the movement. workers are the foreign capitalists, socialism. He responded that the two right to fight to protect our own lan­ "What is the sense of business union­ American and Canadian, and their were completely related and you guage, just as one has the right to ism as practiced by the AFL-CIO in Quebecois valets; couldn't have one without the other. protect his own body-with any the United States? What are they doing "The liberation struggle of the "The only way to have socialism," means necessary." for the workers getting laid off in the Quebecois workers is a national lib­ he said, "is to have national inde­ Chartrand explained to me the role steel, rubber, and chemical industries? eration struggle; pendence because the powers are now of U.S. imperialists in the oppression The big leaders . share the cake from "This national liberation struggle is between two governments [the Quebec of the Quebecois. union dues while the workers are in a political struggle, which has the aim 'national' government and the Cana­ "Just like everywhere else, they're the shops. But .when the workers get of the seizure of power by the dian government in Ottawa]. It's very a bunch of international bandits. pushed out, what kind of cake do Queb~cois workers- of the political, good to have national independence, They're stealing our natural resources they have then? economic and other. powers held to­ but we don't want to be like 19 states -most of them are owned by the "They have low unemployment bene­ day by· the valets of imperialism. . . . " in Latifl America that are under the U.S. investors in Quebec. They con­ fits and poverty in the United States, dictatorship of the CIA and are ex­ trol basic industry, business, trade, which is supposed to be the wealthiest The above theses are excerpts from ploited and controlled by the United and commerce. They control the press, country in the world. They don't even a resolution adopted recently by the States. the TV, ar,td the radio. They close have medicare for everybody in the Montreal Council of the Confedera­ "That is why we say we want na­ down plants, send out thousands of U.S. There are 32 million people in tion of National Trade Unions (Con­ tional independence in Quebec-be­ workers, whenever they want to in­ the U.S. who doni't get enough to eat. federation des Syndicats Nationaux cause we are a nation and we want crease their profits. They're getting That's not what we want. That's why - CSN) of Quebec. The CSN is one to go along with the things we want out of the country more than they're the labor movement has to change o( Quebec's two iargest union federa­ to do, to have the kind of govern­ putting in, as in Latin America, Asia, the political system of capitalism." ti~ns with more than 200,000 mem­ ment we want, with our own philoso­ and Africa." As the Montreal CSN resolution pro­ bers. The fact that both nationalist phy. We want to be the master in our Chartrand advised workers to fight claims, this independence involves the and socialist ideas of this type have o~n country so we can plan the econ­ against these positions. The proposal "taking of power by the Quebecois been accepted by broad segments of omy the way we see fit, not for the that the CSN establish "people's com­ working class." The demand for an the CSN is an important sign of the benefit of the American exploiters but mittees" to oppose candidates who are independent French Quebec does not radicalization of the Quebecois wotk­ the benefit of the people of Quebec. "against the ip.terests of the working mean seeking economic reforms from ers. So we need both independence and class" and in favor of capitalism was the Canadian government. It means During the CSN's convention in socialism." a hotly debated issue at the CSN con- replacing that government with one Quebec in June, I was able to inter­ Chartrand continued by saying that vention. . representing the QuebecoiS nation. A.nd view Michel Chartrand, chairman of the language question was one of the Chartrand responded to the. idea it is bec<>ming _m()re clear that the . the Montreal Council of the CSN, on most serious aspects of this oppres~ that unions should· only fight for eco­ Quebec workers movement is the only the new nation~list and socialist con­ ·sion. "The. workers are n~t working nomic g~ins by saying, "Tha.t's .stupid. force . that can politically .r~present tl:lat sciousness of· the Quebecois, worke.rs. hi their . ow~ language," he said, What about a member who's been nation. -

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 17~ ·connallY. tells-them: 'It's tough all over' Thousands starve to death in Afghanistan By LEE SMITH children . . . pleading for a nugget of of roads, time is already growing An article in the .Jan. 24 New York John Connally, former secretary of the mutton fat from the town butcher, short for shipping wheat to remote Times reported that "Afghanistan's la­ treasury, spent the first part of the drinking water from a puddle, dodg­ areas fo·r storage. tent Communist movement (political summer traveling as Nixon's envoy ing the flailing sticks of the newly ar­ The United States shipped some parties are illegal) showed increased to 17 nations in South America and rived sellers of wheat, flour, onions 100,000 tons of wheat to Afghanistan signs of strength during the last year Asia. On July 9, near the conclusion and tomatoes, picking a precious few i_n the spring and_ early summer. And in the form of demonstrations and of his journey, he held a news con­ grains of rice out of the dirt, and try­ despite his view that "things are tough unusually critical speeches by politi-' ference in Kabul, Afghanistan. Talk­ ing to swallow roots and the toxic all over," Connally promised addition­ cians." ing to reporters in the capital of a grass that swells their faces and puffs al wheat and some help with fertilizers, Although these accounts of politi­ country gripped by famine, Connally their eyelids nearly shut." as well as aid in replenishing de­ cal opposition are sketchy, it is the repeated the message that was the cen­ Sterba explained that thousands of stroyed livestock. This sorely inade­ kind of opposition they suggest that tral theme on his trip. James Sterba these ragged, starving children had quate dole is evidently'what Connally will be needed to change things in described that theme in the July 10 been abandoned by parents unable to. considers the "generosity" of .the U.S. Afghanistan. The current administra­ New York Times as being "that things feed them. He told how their final that is going to have to be curtailed. tion in Washington, at the same time are tough all over, including the nights were spent "stumbling from Not only is it too little, it is-ob­ that it spends billions to destroy the United States." mud house to mud house, knocking viously-too late. The famine had hit people and land of Indochina, talks on locked doors and gates moaning the first of the year, but aid did not about the need to cut back aid to na­ SOVIET UNION for food and warmth, and huddling start trickling in until late spring. In tions where people starve to death. in corners of abandoned buildings to his June 16 account, Sterba told of a In a July 20 editorial titled "Poor­ escape the cold wind." 22-year-old Peace Corps volunteer mouthing Aid," the New York Times · There are no accurate estimates of who was "marked for life" when a child editors criticize the Nixon line expres­ how many people have starved to died in his arms. But, Sterba ex­ sed by Connally. "The poverty plea death in this year's famine-the result plained, the young man's pleas for is doubly unconvincing now," say the of two years of drought and a severe emergency help were ignored. Officials Times editors, "in the light of statistics, winter. Sterba quotes a doctor in . realized that his yottth made him "im-. just published by the United Nations, Chakhcharan, the capital of Ghor pressionable". and waited for· some showing that the gap between the Province, who estimated that locally facts and figures before getting con­ world's poor and rich nations is stead­ 2,500 people had died of starvation cerned. ily widening." One must certainly by late April. The Times correspon­ The facts and figures were slow in agree with the Times that Connally's dent also reports that as many as coming. The central government, a arguments about the need to cut back half a million people are suffering constitutional monarchy headed by aid are "specious." from severe hunger in central Ghor King Mohammed Zahir Shah and But there is more to the report by Province and the northwestern prov­ Prime Minister Dr. Abdul Zaher, is the UN Department of Economic and inces. corrupt and inefficient. It was only Social Affairs than these bourgeois Accurate figures are impossible to stirred into action by demonstrations, editors acknowledge in their reference come by. Sterba describes Afghanis­ such as one in Chakhcharan June to it. As The Militant pointed out in tan as a country "where one can travel 0 MILES 200 17 when a hungry, angry crowd its July 21 editorial, "The rich get hundreds of miles overland without hurled stones through the windows of richer," the statistics in the report make crossing a road and where the Gov­ the governor's office during a visit it clear "that the imperialist robbers According to Sterba, Connally ernment does not know whether it has by central government officials. have done nothing to help industralize ~throughout his tour stressed that "the 9 million or 17 million citizens." In­ the former colonies and establish the internal problems of the United States deed, despite the fact- that it is part conditions necessary for a rapid im­ and the world monetary crisis are like­ . of the "Free World," Afghanistan suf­ provement in living conditions. ly to limit United States generosity." fers from incredible backwardness. " ... Investments are not made. on Connally's remarks no doubt im­ . With a land area of 250,000 square the basis of what will aid the people of pressed newspaper readers in Kabul, miles (slightly smaller than Texas), those countries but for the profits they· who in June had. been treated to a the country has no railroads and only will bring to the corporate interests series of articles in the city's indepen­ 1,250 miles of asphalted road. In in New York, Tokyo, London, and· dent daily, Caravan, written by the 1969, there were only 10,795 tele­ Paris." It is a scandal that with its · paper's editor in chief. The editor, phones in the entire nation. Schools wealth, the U. S. has not done more Abdul Haq W aleh, writing from the are rare outside the provincial cap­ to relieve the suffering in Afghanistan. capita! of the country's central Ghor itals, and illiteracy is estimated to be But in the long run, in order to be Province, described the effects of the higher than 90 percent. free of conditions that make it depen­ famine there. Sterba reported in the The wheat harvest this year was dent on aid and keep it balanced in July 1 L Times that in one article, down by one-third, and an estimated misery on the very edge of starva­ W aleh told about the "problems local half of the nation's sheep have been tion, Afghanistan must seek its own Boy Scouts were having in burying lost. More than 400,000 tons of wheat path of economic and social develop­ the bodies of victims of starvation be­ are needed to make up for the reduced ment. The record- documented by the fore hungry dogs began eating them." domestic yield. Wheat needs to be dis­ UN report- shows that this course · · Sterba himself wrote a long article tributed immediately to halt the con­ only becomes possible for subject na­ on the famine that began on page tinuing starvation and some of it has tions when they break loose from the one of the June 16 New York Times. to be stored to prevent further star­ grip of imperialism and take the road In it, he told of "sick and starving vation this winter. Because of the lack of socialist revolution. The Militant gets around ... INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS READ THE ENLIGHTENING, INFORMATIVE, AND COM­ efforts of the broddest range of oppressed groups MILITANT: Many of our subscribers around the PREHENSIVE: With a six-month renewal, a sub- _ and its reportage of demonstrations and isolated world are first introduced to The Militant while scriber in Sioux Falls, S.D., writes, "It (The Mili­ acts of repression often ignored by the conglom­ studying in the U.S., as the following examples tant) has been very enlightening, and it has helped erated press syndicates, The Militant has distin­ indicate. With a request for information about me to better understand the labor and socialist guished itself in the service of a popular socialist sending a subscription to France, a student in movements in this country, and revolutionary movement." Athens, Ohio, writes, "As an exchange student, I forces at work throughout the world." Although his political views don't always cor­ spent this year in ~SA and often read your news­ respond with those of The Militant, he continues, paper, The Militant, where I found a lot of in­ Vacation schedule "Enclosed is the payment for an introductory sub­ teresting articles." Next week'L Militant, dated Aug. 11, will scription to this fantastic newspaper. Let us work And supporters in Austin, Texas, report that be the last published during August. The together to build a mass true socialist alternative!" they recently sold a Militant to a Peruvian student -NANCY COLE who, as a child, had heard Hugo Blanco (a Peru­ following issue will be dated Sept. 8. If areas vi.an revolutionist no'w in exile) speak in Peru. want to increase their bundles to cover the He also bought a paper to send bqck to his friends three-week period, changes must be received 1 WANT TO HELP GET THE MILITANT attending school in Peru. in the business office by Thursday, Aug. 3. ------AROUND: Please send me a weekly bundle of Militants (circle one): THE MILITANT GETS TO SHILLINGTON A prisoner in New York State acknowledged 5 10 25 other AND KEWADIN: Last week we received a re­ that he is receiving his subscription with the fol­ Name ______quest for a weekly bundle of 25 from a supporter lowing note: "I have been receiving your very in Shillington, Pa., and another from a recreation hip and informative newspaper, The Militant.... center in Kewadin, Mich. The request from Ke­ I'm understanding a lot of things since I've started Address ______wadin noted that "The Militant was one of the reading The Militapt." ·newspapers suggested by the Chicanos now picking And from Columbia, S.C., a subscriber com­ City State Zip ____ cherries in Michigan." ments, "For its comprehensive coordination of the 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014.

18 By MARK UGOLINI ganizing projects. What these projects would do The most important job for socialists in the coming The recent convention of the New American Move­ is unclear. months is to expose the capitalist two-party system ment ( NAM), held in Minneapolis in June, outlined Weinstein sees NAM as a collection o( socialist and present a socialist alternative. the need for a "mass democratic socialist move­ discussion-groups that gather

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 19 In Review

edited that you can scarcely tell one Blacks, has already resulted in the character from another. . . . These Warner Brothers presentation of Mal­ are, in the trade jargon, exploitation colm X. pictures. But they are exploitation in In addition, more Blacks are now The the worst, racial sense of the term, being hired for behind-the-camera produced (and often written and di­ Jobs. While some of these films are rected) by whites interested only in written, produced, or directed by Black giving a newly discovered 'market' whites, quite a few are being directed a Shaft over and over." by Blacks. In many caseS, these new What are some of the stories and Ha Black directors are undertaking their film subjects that are being dealt with? cops are first major motion picture. Motion pic­ Many of these films are an attempt back ture · companies are coming under to portray the difficulties Blacks en­ chasing more and more pressure from Blacks, boom counter in trying to make it in white ghost and it is becoming difficult for them During the past few months, a rash society. Top of the Heap is a story just won't to produce Black-starred films that of Black-oriented films has come out about a Black cop who suffers iden­ quit! are not directed or controlled to some of Hollywood. This Black film boom tification problems because he is both degree by Blacks. has d}"awn numerous comments from Black and a cop. Many of the others, both Black and white film critics. though, depict some kind of Black In January, CORE (Congress of Ra­ In the last two years, three films super-hero who is somehow able to cial Equality) sent a list of seven de­ helped convince Hollywood that mess over white society. mands for money, jobs, and control movies aimed at Black audiences The· major factor that gives many to all studios planning to film in could be big money-winners. These of these films their appeal is that they Ad for "Come Back Charleston Harlem. While some of these were ac­ were Cotton Comes to Harlem, Sweet portray Blacks as having more con­ Blue." ceptable to the studios, others were Sweetback 's Baadassss.s Song, and trol over our lives than we now have. not. This development broke during Sh(lft. Cotton and Sweetback each However, no matter how hard these treatment, most of these films project the fllming in Harlem of Come Back managed to gross more than $10-mil­ films struggle to project Blacks in a a ·host of other negative aspects and Charleston Blue. The original director, lion. MGM's production of Shaft pulled . positive light, most still peddle an racial sterotypes. Blacks are pur­ Ossie Davis, eventually resigned be­ in more . than $13-ri:tillion and was abundance of sexism, often depicting posely cast as bums, con artists, or cause of differences with producer Sam one of the top three money-making Black women as oversexed objects of super-studs always lusting for white Goldwyn over treatment of the subj~t films for them in 1971. Many in the pleasure. women. matter. know believe that Black films this year An article in the June 29 Jet eval­ Despite these negative qualities, most This issue ·of controlling the script .could easily bring in more than $100- uates some of the effects of these films of these films do have some. good · or message that is projected in these million. As a result, all the major upon the image of Biack women. aspects. One is that they tend to in­ films will become more important to fllm studios are riow making frantic ·Actress Judy P.ace notes, "there are fuse their predominately Black au­ the Black community if these film com­ efforts to cash in on this "Black gold four basic characters Black women diences with a great degree of racial panies continue to produce Black films mine." play: 'Prostitutes or hookers in a mas­ pride and identity. Also, most of the in the manner they are now. But at One of the effects of this rush is sage parlor, schoolteachers, nurses or companies making Black-oriented this time, as Judy Pace explains, "The reflected in the overall quality of some secretaries.' " films are coming to realize that ·in movie industry is nothing but big of these films. Richard Schickel, Ronald Kisner states in the article, · order to market such films, they will business. Blacks do not control the writing in the June 9 issue of Life "At a time when Black communities have to examine some of the histori­ artistic values or the images of films ma~azine about Cool Breeze andother -are fueling with Black pride," Black cal and social problems that Blacks because there is someone else holding Black films, has this to say: "The women are projected as "Sapphire" or face. This phenomenon, which is a the purse." movie is so confusingly written and "Jezebel." In addition to this sexist product of the radicalization of -BAXTER SMITH

Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding,· The satisfy no one and spend lengthy sections of their report Official Report of the National Commission on in complicated argumentation trying to justify their in­ consistent straddle-position. Books Marihuana and Drug Abuse. New American Li­ Nevertheless, no one should miss the main point. The brary. New York, 1972.233 pp. $7.25 paper. report shows quite clearly that ·the alleged hazards of In the nineteenth-century it was widely believed that al­ marihuana are 99.4 percent pure bombast and claptrap. coholics sometimes died of spontaneous combustion. Some of the more interesting findings of the commission Report Charles Dickens's character Old Krook in Bleak House are: disappears in this manner, leaving "a small burnt patch • "Use [of marihuana] is found in all socioeconomic of flooring, a smouldering suffocating vapour in the room, groups and occupations, though slightly more predomi­ and a dark greasy coating on the walls and ceiling." nant among persons with above-average incomes. A New debunks No one believes this sort of bizarre nonsense anymore­ York survey of the state's general population indicated about alcohol. But equally bizarre things are very widely that ever-use [use at least once) as well as regular use believed about marihuana, largely because of the mis­ is almost equally prevalent among sales workers, clerical myths information propagated by the bourgeois press and poli­ workers, skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers, man­ ticians. agers, owners, professionals and technical workers." Many people believe that marihuana causes people to • "Young people who choose to experiment with mari­ c.ommit crime; that it causes mental illness and physical huana are fundamentally the same people, socially and -about psychologically, as those who use alcohol and tobacco." disability; that it causes people to use heroin; and that it is possible to overdose and die from marihuana usage. • "No conclusive evidence exists of any physical dam­ All of these beliefs are false, as the official report of the age, disturbances of bodily processes or proven human pot National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse fatalities attributable solely to even very high doses of explains. marihuana." The report's most-publicized policy recommendation, • "In short, marihuana is not generally viewed by par­ that marihuana be legalized for personal use, stems from ticipants in the criminal justice com~unity [judges, court its examination of marihuana's mental and physical ef­ clinicians, probation officers] as a major contributing fects and its conclusion that the drug is almost" completely influence in the commission .of delinquent or criminal innocuous. This recommendation caused President Nixon, acts." who had appointed the commission, to dissociate him­ • "The G-ommission's Nagonal Survey revealed that self from its findings- something that is becoming a habit 48% of adults believe that some people have died from for him. marihuana use. A careful search of the literature and Nixon dissociated himself from the recommendation of testimony of the nation's health officials has not revealed the commission on population that anti-abortion laws be a single human fatality in the United States proven to repealed so women could control their own bodies. He have resulted solely from ingestion of marihuana." dissociated himself from the recommendation of the com­ • "No objective evidence of specific pathology of brain mission on pornography and obscenity that government tissue has been documented.' This fact contrasts sharply censorship of sexually explicit materials be abolished. wjth the well-established brain damage of chronic alco­ The same has happened with other presidential commis­ holism." sions. There is much in the report-such as the comments To be sure, the marihuana commission's report leaves on other drugs, and on marihuana's relationship to radi­ much to be desired. Its policy recommendations are laugh­ cal politics, sex, and the work ethic-that would be 'wor­ ably contradictory. It suggests that marihuana be legal­ thy of separate discussion. The report will provide sup­ ized for personal use but kept illegal for sale or distribu­ porters of the California Marihuana Initiative, a ballot tion. \. referendum that would legalize the private use of mari­ The commissioners were trying to satisfy both antimari­ huana in that state, with valuable ammunition. huana and promarihuana f~rces. In the process they -ARTHUR MAGLIN

20· British army invades Czechs jailed for N. Ireland ghettos 'subversive' leaflets sentenced to five and a half yea:r;s in By DAVE FRANKEL Government's' policy rather than Mr. JULY 25 -Five "subversion trials" jail. JULY 25-For the first time since Whitelaw's own -""-has momentarily have opened in Czechoslovakia in the Rudolf Battek, a sociologist, was the suspension of the Northern Ire­ satisfied most Ulster Protestants. The last two weeks. They are·part of the land government and the introduction continuing campaign of Communist ordered jailed for three and a half extreme right-wing Vanguard move­ years and Jaroslav Jira, an engineer of direct rule from London on March ment's leaders call for Mr. Whitelaw's Party leader Gustav Husak to punish 24, British troops in Belfast moved in­ those who participated in the Prague who was secretary of the Czechoslo­ resignation and urge a Protestant rent vak Students Union, was given two to Catholic ghetto areas in force. Ex­ reform movement led by Alexander and taxes strike in protest. But other years and three months. The sus- . tensive arms searches are being car­ Dubcek nearly four years ago. They Protestant leaders have taken a wait­ pended sentences went to Stanislav ried out, some barricades have been are also aimed at cutting off any re­ and-see attitude and shelved their ori- Furek, a former army officer, and torn down, an,d more than 150 "sus­ newed efforts to liberalize the Prague ginal demands for 'total war' against Pavel Maries, a computer engineer. pected terrorists" have been arrested. regime. the IRA." Two more trials were announced by The British have brought in more In three trials in Prague that be­ As Stratton Mills,_ a Protestant mem­ Reuters in a July 24 dispatch. A. trial troops, making the total 17,000, the gan July 17, according to Reuters ber of the Northern Ireland Parlia- in Prague involved -'our persons ac­ highest ever. dispatches, 13 supporters of Dubcek ment told New York Times reporter cused of having distributed clandestine The British move followed the set­ faced subversion charges. Most were Bernard Weinraub on July_22, "I have leaflets just before the parliamentary ting off of 22 bombs in the center of well-known personalities during the got a very strong impression that elections last November. Belfast on July 21. Eleven people were I?ubcek period. there is a -change of policy under way, The other trial opened in Brno, the killed and about 130 were injured in On July 19 and 20, six of the purge and that the ·army are moving to a central city of Moravia. The defen­ the bombing, which the Provisional victims received sentences ·or up to much · more positive search-and­ dants were charged with "forming an Irish Republican Army has publicly two and a half years in prison. destroy operation as far as the IRA illegal group in 1970 to carry out admitted responsibility for. The Prague City Court sentenced are concerned." subversive activities against the state," A 13-day truce broke down nearly Jaromir Litera, former secretary of This "search-and-destroy" tactic stated CTK, the Czechoslovak press· two weeks earlier when British troops the Prague City Communist Party means that hundreds of British troops agency. This charge carries a possible used force in an attempt to prevent committee, to two-and-a-half-years im­ are entering and searching thousands 10-year sentence. . 16 Catholic families from moving into prisonment. Josef Stehlik received a of Catholic homes, arresting alleged The clandestine leaflets involved in homes vacated by Protestants. The two-year sentence and Milan Rocek suspects, provoking gun battles, and all of the Prague trials urged citizens families, moving from a Catholic got a one-year suspended term. generally harassing the population. to exercise their constitutional right neighborhood, had originally been Weinraub, writing from Belfast on Ju­ lit the second trial, PremysfVondra, to 'cross names off the list of govern­ given permission by the· government ly 23, says that the British actions a former radio employee, received a ment-approved candidates, according to move into the homes. have "caused complaints, especially in 28-month term. Ota Krizanovsky, a to Reuters. Information about the Following this incident, the British the Catholic New Lodge Road, that former professor at t:l}.e Communist trials is hard to come by because the ~ sharply stepped up the repression soldiers had broken furniture, dam­ Party university, and Josef Beida, a government has barred the public against the oppressed Catholic popu­ aged rooms and used abusive Ian- historian, were given suspended sen­ from attending. Only wives and par­ lation. On July 13, for example, Brit­ guage." tences of. 18 months and 12 months, ents of the defendants have been ad­ ish troops occupied Catholic areas in Many Catholics welcomed the sus­ according to a June 20 Associated mitted. the Suffolk and Falls Road sections of pension of the hated Northern Ireland Press disp;itch from Prague. - According to a July 18 Reuters dis­ Belfast in a dress-rehearsal for its lat­ government and had illusions about In the third .trial, four more promi­ patch, the defendants admitted dra.ff- . est -massive attack on the Catholic what the British proconsul would do. nent Dubcek supporters were sentenced ing and circulating the election leaf­ ghettos. This was the situation at the How they will react to this recent mas­ to jail and two others received sus­ let _but denied that this was a viola­ time of the July 21 bombings. sive attack on their communities re­ pended sentences, according to Reu­ tion of the law. Jan Tesar, the his­ In· the period leading up to the mains to be seen. For his part, White­ ters July 21. The heaviest sentence­ torian, said he had drafted various bombings, the Provisionals held talks law still hopes to divide the Catholic six years -was handed down to Jan protests and petitions, but that he had with the British. In the wake of the · community and isolate the militants. Tesar, a historian. Jiri Mueller, a stu­ done this out of conviction. It was bombings, however, William Whitelaw, Meanwhile, ·as the British army vig­ dent leader twice expelled from in no way an activity directed against the British proconsul in Northern orously attempts to disarm the IRA's Prague's Technical University, was socialism, Tesar declared. Ireland, has whipped up a hysterical ·Provisional wing, sucl} rightrwing campaign against the Provisionals. In Protestant groups as the Ulster De­ effect, he has dropped any pretense fense Association ( UDA) are not mo­ of taking a neutral position between lested as they continue to stockpile the Protestants and the Catholics. This . arms and ammunition. The UDA, a is reflected in the attitude of ma~y vigilante organization claiming about Protestant leaders. 40,000 members, says it will invade .-..Washington According to Jonathan Harsch in the Catholic areas itself if the British Continued lrom page l 5 the July 24 Christian Science Monitor, don't take what they consider to. be announced that he disagreed with the fees. CoDEL has received endorse­ "M~. Whitelaw's firm line-which for effective action against members of the judge's decision. In a KOMO-TV inter­ ments from many public officials, the first time is called 'Her Majesty's Provisional IRA. view, he termed the fees excessive and trade unionists, student activists, at­ discriminatory, and urged the state torneys, and professors, as well as legislators t"o lower them in their riext from organizations such as the Young session (January 1973). Lawyers section of the Seattle King CoDEL has asked Kramer to sup­ County Bar Association and the D.C. women fight. port plaintiff Gary Johnson's appeal Washington Democratic Council (New for temporary relief from paying his Democratic Coalition). fee pending a final decision. John­ son, along with all other candidates CoDEL representative Michael Ar­ anti-abortion rule for the nonpartisan office of super­ nall received an excellent response WASHINGTON, D. C.-Supporters of Robinson admitted to news reporters intendent of public instruction, must when he appeared on Seattle's ma­ women's right to abortion have that the White House had put pressure run in a primary election, and must jor "hot line". talk shows. One pro­ launched a protest against a new anti­ on the council to pass the measure. pay his · fee no later than Aug. 4. gram originally scheduled for 30 min­ abortion restriction passed by the_ The council consists of Nixon ap­ The ACL U attorneys feel that Kra­ utes was extended to two hours be­ Washington, D. C., City Council. pointees. mer's admission of the legitimacy of cause of the number of listener re­ On July 11 the council passed the CoDEL's efforts to strike down the sponses. On another occasion, Don, Abortion Control Regulation, a mea­ Members of the Women's National filing fee~ strengthens the chances· of Banker, Democratic candidate for sec­ sure requiring any womari wishing Abortion Action Coalition (WONAAC.) winning the case on appeal. retary of state, joined Arnall on a to have an abortio-n in the District and other groups picketed both meet­ Kramer's response is easily under­ station with a large audience in the to undergo a 24-hour waiting period ings of the council, demanding that stood when taken in the context of Black community. Banker threw his before her abortion. At a subsequent public hearings be held on the regu­ the wide support for eliminating these support behind the suit. meeting on July, 18, the council voted lation. The women pointed out that to wait 90 days before making the the new measure is designed to in­ new restriction a law. timidate women and place further ob­ The Abortion Control Regulation is stacles in the way of their right to clearly directed against the many non­ abortions. For many women coming ... British D. -t. residents who come into the city .from outside the District, the new -regu­ Continued from page ·3 issue, a joint union-management com­ to obtain abortions. Washington, lation means an added expense in to strikes"; the figure rose to 4. 7 mil­ mittee today reported that a.fter six D. C., allows abortion on demand up hotel bills, losing another day ofwork, lion in 1968; 6.8 million in 1969; weeks that dockers should be given to the tenth week of pregnancy. The and extra child-care problems .. 10.9 million in 1~70; 13.5 million higher severance pay • to encourage aim of the regulation was clearly Representatives from WONAAC, the in 1971; and 12.4 million in the first them to leave the declining industry. -stated in a memo to council members . National Organization for Women quarter alone of 1972. It also proposed steps to give the dock­ by Dr. Henry Robinson Jr., director (NOW), Zero Population Growth, and New York Times correspondent Al­ ers more container work. However, of the D. C. Health and Welfare Com­ other groups held a joint press con­ vin Shuster reported from London Ju­ the report is not expected to ease the mission. ference to deno'lince the Abortion Con­ ly 24 that "Among those who joined present crisis until after the dockers Robinson's memo said: "Members trol Regulation. D. C. WONAAC is in the country's 42,000 dockers in to­ are freed." of the Council, I am pleased to pre­ the process of building broad support day's walkout were the porters wlio The struggle to free the five jailed sent to you ... a regulation which for legal action against the measure. push fruits and vegetables around workers is a big blow at the anti­ I feels goes a long way towards pre­ For more information, contact D. C. Covent Garden. The SmiPlfield Meat labor National Industrial Relations venting the nation's capital from WONAAC, 1346 Connecticut Ave. Market in London also was shut. ...· Court and an inspiration to all work­ earning the infamous label of an N. W., Room 318, Washington, D. C. "The pound closed lower today... . ers who are subjected to similar anti­ abortion milL" 20036. Telephone: (202) 785-4769. "In an effort to solve. the underlying labor laws.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 21·· /

the new coalition do, not :have .the LOS ANGELES SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SOCIALIST SUMMEI!, SCHOOL. Classe.s held at 1107 MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY: Listen to Theodore kind of strong organizational · base · 1/2 N. Western Ave. For more information, call (213) Edwards, spokesman for the Socialist Workers Party, enjoyed by the power brokers of the 463-1917. on his weekly 15-mi~ute radio program, 11:15 a.m. old coalition. Thurs., Aug. 3: The New Radicalization. every Wednesday, KPFK-FM, 90.7. For these reasons, the developments ANNUAL SHISH KEBAB. Sat., Aug. 5. Refreshments: TWIN CITIES in the Democratic Party signal the from 4 p.m. Dinner: 5-8 p.m. Party: ·to midnight. SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Studies in Revolution. be~innings of the breakdown of the ·calendar 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. Donation: $3; under 12, Classes ot 7:30 p.m. I University Ave. N. E., Min­ two-party system and a weakening ATLANTA $J.50. For more infor,;,ation, call (213) 463-1917. neapolis. 50c per class. For more information, call SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes held at 68 (61 2) 332-7781 . of the hold of capitalist politicians Peachtree' St. N. E., (Third Floor) at 8:30 p.m. For NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN SPECIAL SUMMER SCHOOL WEEKEND ON WHAT over the American people. The new mare Information, coli (404) 523-0610. BUILDING A LENINIST PARTY IN AMERICA. A series IS A LENINIST PARTY. Fri., Aug. 4-Sun., Aug. 6 Teach­ young Democratic forces have high Mon., July 31: leninist Party Organization. of classes sponsored by the Socialist Workers Party er: Harry Ring, Southwest Bureau, The Militant. _For expectations. When the Democratic Thurs., Aug. 3: Stalinism. and the Young Socialist Alliance. Every Wednesday more information, call (612) 332-7781. at 8 p.m. 50c per class. 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor Party fails to· come through on its BOSTON (4th St.). For more information,, call (212) 982-6051. WASHINGTON, D.C. promises, many of these people are SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL ..Classes held on Tues­ Wed., Aug. 2: Our Experience in Party Building. STUDIES IN REVOLUTION. Socialist Summer School. going to turn to other vehicles for . day and Thursday evenings ot 8 p.m. 655 Atlantic 746 9th St. N. W., Second Floor. 75c per class. For changing society. Ave. (opp. South Station). For more information, call THE BOMBING OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI:... more information, call (202) 783-2363. (617) 482-8051. HOW IT RELATES TO VIETNAM. Speaker: Dave Frankel, Mon., J11ly 31: Character of a Revolutionary Workers A process of political education. is Thurs., Aug. 3: Chinese Stalinism. staff writer for The Militant. Fri., Aug. 4, 8 p.m. 706 Party. going to take place among many rad~ Broadway, Eighth Floor (4th St.) Donations: $J, h. s. Wed., Aug. 2: Organizational Procedwes of the ical-minded young people as the Dem­ SOCIALIST WORKERS t:AMPAIGN COMMITTEE MEET­ students, 50c. Dinner at 6 p.m., $1.25. Sponsored Proletarian Party. ocratic Party shows in practice that __ INGS. Every Wednesday at 7:30 p.m. All campaign by Militant Labor Forum. For more information, call Mon., Aug. 7: The Cochran Fight (tape ·and short ', -supporters eire welcome. 655 Atlantic Ave. (opp. South (212) 982-6051. talk). its priority is to defend the capitalist Station). system. Some of these young people NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE BROOKLYN STUDIES IN REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM. Socialist are going to turn to the Socialist SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes on Tuesday Summer School. Series of classes until Aug. ·9~ 2744 Workers Party and the Young Social­ and Wednesday evenings at 8 p.m. Dinner served ... Dems Broadway (106 St.). 50c per Glass. For more infor­ ist Alliance, which have consistently Continued from page 12 at 6:30 p.m. 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby). 50c mation, call (212) 663-3000. told the truth about the procapitalist per class. For more information, coli (212) 596-2849. Wed., Aug. 2, 8 p. m.: The 1939 Discussion and the problem of war. McGovern-him­ nature of the Democratic Party and Tues., Aug. 1: Why Socialists Run Election Campaigns. Split in the SWP. Teacher: Syd Stapleton. self supports the right of the U.S. Wed., Aug. 2: The Demand for a labor Party. of McGovern's campaign. In general, Sun., Aug. 6, 12 noon and 2 p.m. (times approx­ to intervene in other countries. He imate): Two classes on The Class Character of the the developments in the Democratic CH,ICAGO demonstrated this by his stand in sup­ Stoviet Union, China, and the East European Workers Party signal significant new oppor­ STUDIES IN REVOLUTION. Socialist Summer School. States. Teacher: Dick Roberts, staff writer for The Mil­ port of the Zionist state of Israel tunities for revolutionary socialists Classes on Monday and Thursday evenings at 7:30 itant. against the Palestinian people and by p.m. 180 N. Wacker Dr, Room 310. 50c per clqss._ and for all struggles for social change. le~ve Special weekend sessiorls, $J. For more information, FORUM: Fri., Aug. 4, 8 p.m.: Opposition Movement his promise to U. S. forces in call (312) 641-0147. in the Soviet Union Today. Teacher: George Saunders, Southeast Asia until the Vietnamese Mon., July 31, 8 p.m.: What Maoism Is and How lntercontinefttal Press editorial staff. Donation: $J, h. s. fighters agree to a settlement satis­ It Came to Power. students, 50c. Ausp: Socialist Summer School. factory to him. H the ruling class Thurs., Aug. 3, 7:30 p.m.: Maoist Institutions and Policies, the "Cultural Revolution," and Maoist For­ OAKLAND-BERKELEY is united in support of military inter­ eign Policy. SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes on Monday vention in another country, McGov­ ... Ohio Mon., Aug. 7-Wed., Aug. 10: Special Series on What and Thursday evenings at 8 p.m. 3536 Telegraph ern would send U. S. troops just as . Continued from page J5 is a leninist Party? Teacher: Harry Ring, Southwest Ave. 50c per class. For more information, call (415) all past Democratic and Republican Hall, the local campaign head­ Bureau, The Militant. 654-9728. Thurs., A11g. 3: Socialism in One Country or World party administrations have done. - quarters, on July 22. Supporters from CLEVELAND Revolution? Teacher: Celia Stodola. Since the "new" Democratic Party will as far away as Cincinnati, Oxford, SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes on Monday Mon., Aug. 7: Maoism. Teacher: Nelson Blackstock. not be able to answel' in any signif­ and' Athens heard Jenness speak on and Wednesday evenings at 6:45p.m. 4420 Superior icant way the demands of the'p~otest her recent trip to Latin America and Ave. Dinner at 6 p.m. For more information, call PHILADELPHIA (216) 391-5553. SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes held at 6:30 movements it is trying to co-opt, the the fight to be on the Ohio ballot. Wed., Aug. 2: Implementation of the SWP Trade­ p.m. 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Market). new coalition is very unstable and Herman Kirsch, SWP candidate for Union Policy. 50c per class. For more information, call (215) W A5- isn't likely to last for long. The de­ Congress from the 20th· C. D., also 4316. spoke. The banquet raised $570 for DENVER Tues., Aug. 1: The Transitio""l Program. mands of these movements for social SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHcrot.. Classes held at 1203 change tend to transcend the limits the socialist campaign. California. For more information, call (303) 623-2825. PORTLAND of the capitalist system. Their logic During her tour here, Jenness also Tues., Aug. 1: Russian Revolution-The Insurrection. SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes held at 208 will be to break with the procapitalist spoke to meetings at Cuyahoga Com­ \; Thurs., Aug. 3: History of the Fourth International: S. W. Stark St. Room 201. 50c per class. For more munity College, Case Western Reserve ~_;Pablo. information; call (503) 226-2715. · Democratic and Republican parties. Sun., Aug. 6: History of the SWP: the 1950s.. Tues., Aug. 1, 8 p.m.: The Chinese "Cultural Rev­ Their logic will be to construct new University, and Bowling Green State olution" and Maoist Foreign Policy. political formations that can truly 'rep­ University, and to a meeting of 25 DETROIT Fri., Aug. 4, 7 p.m.: History of the Fourth Inter­ resent the interfits of the oppressed­ members of .the welfare chapter .•of SOCIAUST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes held at Wayne national. such as a labor party based on the AFSCME Local 1746~ In addition, State University, State Holl, Rm. 101, 7 p:m. 50c per Sat., Aug. 5: History of the Fourth International. class. For more information, call (313) TEJ-6135. trade-union rank and me, and mass she appeared on the Allen Douglas Wed., Aug. 2: Nationalism and Class. Teacher: Sh~ila SAN FRANCISCO :> Black and Chicano political parties. program, a popular TV talk show; Ostrow. SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes on Monday Moreover, the new coalition is much on the Clide Thomas program on Sun., Aug. 6: Two classes: The Multinational Rev­ and Thursday evenings at 7:30 p.m. 2338 Market St. more flimsy than the old one, which WKYC radio; and on WJMO, the most olutionary _Party and The National Struggle and the For more information, call (415) 626-9958. 1972 Elections. Teacher : Norman Oliver, SWP can­ Mon., July 31, and Thurs., Aug. 3: History of the was based on powerful social and pop~lar radio station in the Cleveland didate for Cook County state's attorney. Russian Revolution.- political forces. The activist forces in Black community. Dir,ctory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, c/o Richard Rathers, P.O. Box 5377, Uni­ versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 35406. Gary: c/o Cartwright, 123 W.lndiana, Chesterton, Ind. 46304. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, P.O. Box 750, Tempe, Ariz. 85001. Tel: (602) KENTUCKY; L.,.ington: YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University Station, Lexing­ OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32804, Cincinnati, 968-5738. ton, Ky. 40506. Ohio45232. · LOUISIANA: Baton Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, P.O. Box 18250, Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldand: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Baton Rouge, La. 70803. Tel: (504) 388-f517. tel: (216) 391-555~. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. MARYLAND: College Parle YSA, University P.O. Box 73, U of Md., Columbus: YSA, 1612 Summit St. (side entrance), Columbus, Ohio Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, College Park, Md. 20742. 43201. Tel: (614) 299-2942. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(21~) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews, 3408 Florida, Riverside, Calif. 92507 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Mass.02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 4B2-8050, 45387. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Bob Secor, l702I St., Sacramento, Coli!. 95815. YSA- (617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speakers Bureau (lAS B) and Re­ OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 1216 1/2 Lincoln, Eugene, San Diego: YSA, P.O. Box 15186, San Diego, Calif. 92115. gional Committee-(617) 482-8052; and Pathfinder Books- (617) 338- Ore. 97401 . .San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, 8560. Portland: SWP and YSA, 20B S.W. Stark, Room 201, Portland, Ore. 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94i 14. Tel: (415) 626-9958. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA; P. 0. Box 408, Ann Arbo~, Mich. 4B I 07. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. San Jose: YSA, c/o Greta Schiller, 685 Manker *4, San Jose, Calif. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward Ave., De­ PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, c/o John Sajewski, Edinboro State 95128. T11l: (408) 275-8453. troit, Mich. 4B201. Tel: (313) TEJ-6135. College, Edinboro, Po. 16412. San, Mateo: YSA, c/o Ann Hyink, 344 Bafn.;.on Ave., S~n Mateo, Calif. Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mar­ 94402. East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East Lansing, Mich. 4B823. ket), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. Sa;,.a Barbara: YSA, Box 14126, UCSB, Santa Barbara, Calil.93107. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA and labor Bookstore, . Tel: {805) 968-4086. I University N.E. {at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P~ 0. Box 117, Annex Sta., Provi­ COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 1203 Cali­ 332-77BI. ' - dence, R.I. 02901. Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401 ~-331- fornia, Denver, .Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.­ MISSOURI: Kansas .City: YSA, c/o Stud!i'nl Activiiies Office, U of Mis­ 1480. . • Sat., 10:30 a.m.-7 p.m. souri'at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo; 64110. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Tenn. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, t/o Randy Erb, 114 Huntington St., St. Louis: YSA, P. 0. Bax 8037, StLouis, Mo. 63156. 3.7201. Tel: (615) 292-8827. Hartford, Conn. 06105. " NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 5586; West Austin Station, N- Haven: YSA, P.O. Box 185, New Haven, Conn. 06501. 03B24. • Austin, Texas 78703. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Bookstore: 611 West 29.th. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Bill Boyd,514 N. Bronaugh, Tallahassee, NEW JERSEY: Red Banlc YSA, c/o Vince Manning, 10 Washington Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 Lyons Ave., Hous­ Fla. 32301. St., Rumson, N.J. 0.7760. ton, Texas 77020. Tel: (713) 67 4-0612. Tampa: Socialist Workers Campaign '72 c/o David Maynard, P.O. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Vivian Abeles, 503 Carlisle lubboclc YSA, Box 5090, Tech. Sta., Lubbock, Texas 79409 ..Tel: (806) Box702, 4100 Fletcher Ave., Tampa, Fla. 33612. S. E., Albuquerque, N: M. 87106. 747-6842. • GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, Box I 073; Harpur College, Bingham- San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 7B202. Floor, Atlanta, ..Ga. 30303. SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. ton, N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607) 798-4142. ' - VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 306 Chittenden Hall, 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. Brooldyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brook­ , U of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 05401. IUINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o John Center, 1407 Schnider Hall, lyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 746 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, Bush Towers, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Tel: (618) 453-5882. long Island: P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, l.l., N.Y.11575. Tel: (516) FR9- Wash., D.C. 20001. Tel: (202) 783-2363. Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, 0289. WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 406 E. McKen­ Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), zie, Pullman, Wash. 99163. DeKalb: YSA, c/a StUdent Activities Center, r'lorthern Illinois U, De­ Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 260-0976. Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., ·Seattle, Wash. Kalb,lll. 60115. Tel: (815) 753-0510 (day); (815) 758-2935 (night). lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway (4th 98105. Hrs. 11 a.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206) 523-2555. Macomb: YSA, c/o Lynn llyod, 809 Corbin, Macomb, Ill. 61455. St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. I 0003. Tel: SWP, YSA- (212) 982- WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James Levitt, 411 W. Gorham St., JNDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni- 6051; Me~it Books-(212) 982-5940. Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 257-2835: in the.July-August c- > International Socialist Review

, Calenda~ and classified ad rates: 75 cents per line of 56-charader-wide typ• Tea01ster wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per column inch {$7.50 if camera-ready ad ' Labor Rebellion is enclosed). Payment must be included by Farrell Dobbs/$2.25 paper; $6.95 with ads. The Militant is published each doth. · week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: Friday, one week preceding publication, A Monad Press Book. Distributed by for classified and display ads; Wednes­ in Brazil day noon, two days preceding publica­ Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New byTimothy F. Harding York, N.Y. 10014. · tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: {212) \.. 243-6392. also: GEORG LUKACS-AN EXCHANGE between Etienne Abrahamovici and George Novack; THE CRISIS OF BRITISH C~PITALISM by Tony Hodges; IN­ DEPENDENT POLITICAL ACTION IN 1972 by Fred Halstead; SELF-DETERMINA­ TION. IN PALESTINE-A DEBATE between Benyamin Neuberger and Peter Buch; LEON TROTSKY ON 'PROLETARIAN LITERATURE.' ( ) Enclosed is $1 for 3 months of the ISR. READING FOR THE {------­ ) Send me 1 year of the ISR for $5. Name Address ______REVOLUTION ...... City State. ZiP-"'---- Internationai.Sacialist Review, 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., N.Y. 10014 Write for our new 1972 catalog PATHFINDER PRESS, 410WEST STREET, NEW YORK, The Militant NEW YORK 10014 (212) 741-0690 has· a new 4· page lnt'l supplement Subscribe now $1/10 issues ( ) $1 for a 10-week introductory subscription. ( ) $3 for a six-month subscription. ( ) $1.50 for Gls for six months. ( ) $6 for a one-year subscription. ( ) New ( ) Renewal Name------· · Address~------~ City . State Zip....._ ___ The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Who's joining the .Feminism and Socialism Young Socialist edited with an introduction by linda Jenness This anthology conveys an air of ex<;itement .as women debate the Alliance? issues confronting the feminist movement, and begin to work out a strategy for their I iberation. T~e authors are socialist women active in the women's liberation struggle. They discuss the specific oppression Recently Kris and Pedro Vasquez decided .to join the YSA. Kris of B.lack .and Chicano women, debate Norman Mailer, investigate the and Pedro were among the founders of Houston MAYO (Mexi­ relat1onsh1p between socialism and feminism, outline the reasons for can-American Youth Organization) and have been leading ac­ their support to the Equa1 Rights Amendment, analyze the issues raised in fighting for the right of all women to control their own bodies and tivists in Raza Contra Ia Guerra, a Chicano antiwor group. I map out . a program that can end the secondary status of women in Pointing to the reasons for joining the YSA, Pedro commented: contemporary society. "My ideas developed in struggles demanding Chicano control of 160pp., $5.95, paper $1.95 the Chicano community .... I was one who began to realize that it was this whole system that needed, not to be overhauled,· but to be replaced." "We Raza members of the Young Socialist Alliance," Vasquez Jli.oblems of Women's Liberation explained, " ... wish to organize and mobilize our Raza against by Evelyn Reed Fifth, and expanded, edition . . capitalist We stand for the building of a socialist oppr~ssion. Evelyn Reed pinpoints the subjugation of women to the rise of private society-where we as Chicanos can determine our own lives property and the development of the family. To those who have been and futures;" Join now! taught to believe that the oppression of women and the institution of I ~he family are "natural" to society, this radical theory is a weapon 10 the struggle for women's liberation. ( ) I want to join the YSA. ( ) I would like more information. 96pp., $3.95, paper $1.45 ------~------( ) Enclosed is $1 for National Committee plenum reports. Write for our free women's liberation catalog: Name------~------Address ______PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 West Street, New York, N. V. 10814 Tel. City State ------Zip----- (212) 741-0690 . YSA, P. 0. Box 471 Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 4, 1972 23 THE MILITANT Atlanta Blacks strike against Sears racism By KEITH JONES Another form of racial discrimina­ out of the Sears, Roebuck, and Com­ to harass, intimidate, or punish any ATLANTA, July 25 -More than 400 tion at Sears is the promotion of Black pany racial labor dispute. employee in any way whatsoever for Black employees of Sears Roebuck employees, giving them the same title 2. We demand all persons involved participating in bringing about equal have been on strike more than a week as a white doing the same work, but in trying to bring about equal and job and promotional opportunities for here. The strike and subsequent -boy­ not giving them the same pay. adequate job opportunities and pro­ all Sears employees. cott of Sears stores in the metropolitan The strikers point to the fact that motional opportunities for all Sears The Black employees have said they area were sparked by a lack of equal while Blacks make up 50 percent or employees, regardless of race, creed, will continue the strike and boycott opportunity in the hiring and pro­ more of the customers at two Sears or color, by participating in the pick­ indefinitely and expand it to other motion of Black workers. stores in Atlanta, none of the Sears eting and boycotting of the stores, areas of the state and country if nec­ stores in the city has a Black man­ be reinstated to their previous posi­ essary. Black employees point out that ager. tions without loss_ of pay during the Sears' claim to be an equal oppor­ To extend the boycott, gather com­ racial labor dispute, and with the On July 24, the police arrested 10 tunity employer is largely "liberal rhet­ munity support, and explain the rea­ same working hours and rate of pay strikers who blocked a tractor-trailer oric." The striking employees obtained sons for the strike,· the Black workers as prior to the racial labor dispute. rig from unloading at one of the affidavits from Black employees tes­ have asked for support from the Rev­ 3. We demand that any and all men­ stores. Nine of the strikers were -tifying that Black workers have erend Hosea Williams of the South­ tion of the employees' participation in charged under the Safe Streets and trained new white workers only to ern Christian Leadership Conference bringing about equal job opportuni­ Sidewalks Act and with "creating a see them promoted ahead of those (SCLC). ties and employment opportunities for turmoil." The tenth was charged with who trained them. - all Sears employees by participating _the same ·offenses plus aggravated as­ A common practice is to promote Williams helped draft the following in the picketing and boycotting of sault. All have been released from a white worker over a Black worker, demands for the strike: Sears be removed from their person­ jail on bond. even when the two are equally qual­ 1. We demand that any and all nel files completely, without exception. One of those arrested, a white Sears ified and the Black worker has se­ criminal or civil charges be dropped 4. We ..-demand that no supervisor worker, said he was ·appalled at the niority. against any and all employees arising or managerial personnel be allowed brutality of the cops. Chavez-Ortiz gets life term for skyjacking By HARRY RING His broadcast evoked enormous stress as a result of his own acute LOS ANGELES- The kind of "jus­ sympathy from the Chicano commu­ difficulties and the injustices suffered tice" mexicarws can expect in U.S. nity, which felt he indeed articulated by Chicanos generally that he acted courts was shown July 24 when a their plight. While recognizing the fu­ in an unstable way. federal judge sentenced Ricardo Cha­ tility of the particular method he chose vez-Ortiz to life imprisonment after a to dramatize the Chicanos' grievances, The psychiatrist who testified for the jury found him guilty of air piracy. the community's sympathy was evi­ prosecution held that Chavez-Ortiz's There were no Mexican-Americans on dent in the broad defense campaign emotional difficulties were not of such the jury. ~he minimum sentence for that developed for Chavez-Ortiz. an extent as to absolve hin} from re­ air piracy is 20 years. Defense efforts were initiated by sponsibility for his act.. CASA, a major organization in the However, a psychiatrist who testi­ Chavez-Ortiz, an unemployed Los Chicano community led by Bert Cor­ fied for the defense, who had examined Angeles cook, had commandeered a ona. CASA raised $35,000 bail and Chavez-Ortiz at far greater length, plane with an unloaded revolver. His helped launch the Chavez-Ortiz De­ said he was not responsible. sole demand was that radio time be fense Committee, which presumably In_ sentencing him, the judge also made available to him to describe will appeal the conviction. ordered 90 days of psychiatric exam­ the injustices suffered by the Chicano The defense contended that Chavez­ ination, which could possibly lead to Miljtnnt/Witltar people in this country. Ortiz was under such psychological modification of the sentence. Ricardo Chavez-Ortiz

' --- Survivor of cop raid tells of Hampton ,killing By NINURE SAUNDERS they are on trial for "conspiracy to - From the front room she heard a amined -by the defense attorney, who CHICAGO- According to the testi­ obstruct justice." Panther sister scream, gun shots, and sought to harass her by attempting to mony of Deborah Johnson, Chicago Johnson, who was eight months then a cop's voice that said, "He's place the politics and teachings of the police stood directly over Black Pan­ pregnant, was sleeping next to Hamp­ as good as dead now." As she was Black Panther Party on trial. This was ther Party leader Fred Hampton and ton when the police burst into the led from the house, she saw Panther done despite repeated objections from pumped him full of bullets. apartment. She said she rolled on top leader Mark Clark lying in a pool the prosecuting attorneys, Barnabas of Hampton to protect him as the of blood in the front room. Sears and Howard Savage. Johnson is one of the seven sur· police frred, hitting the mattress. Before she gave her testimony on vivors of -the Dec. 4, 1969, police July 21, the defendants had been al­ This procedure seemed to be raid on a Panther apartment. She is When the firing stopped, the police lowed to wear their pistols in the court­ designed not only to harass Johnson the first of tli'e survivors to testify in led her into the kitchen. She said she room. But when her lawyer described but to prolong the trial. (There are the trial of Cook County State's At­ saw no blood on Hampton, who was Johnson's fright at the prospect of tes­ more than 200 witnesses yet to be torney Edward Hanrahan and 13 not fully awake at the time. While tifying before armed defendants, Judge called by -the defense and prosecution.) Chicago Policemen. Hanrahan or­ in the kitchen she heard shots, and Philip Romiti directed them to check After five hours of questioning, Johnson dered the raid; the 13 carried it out. a voice say, "He will barely make it." their guns in an .anteroom. was allowed to step down. The cross­ Instead of being charged with murder, Then she heard more shots. On July 24, Johnson was cross-ex- examination is slated to continue.-

By TYBIE MARTIN berg pointed out that a juror recently jurors. The judge's questioning of pro­ LOS ANGELES-After 10 days of indoctrinated in strict security pro­ spective jurors showed that they had intensive questioning by the judge and cedures could not be expected to be- - been exposed to, and could not help Jury many challenges from both the pro­ lieve defense testimony about practices but be influenced by, the prejudicial secution and defeQse, a jury was Ellsberg was familiar with. Ellsberg headlines of articles in which Presi­ seated July 21 for the Pentagon papers used as an example the fact that "docu­ dent Nixon, Governor Reagan, De­ seated in trial. Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony ments higher than top-secret were rou­ fense Secretary Laird, and ex-presi­ Russo are charged with conspiracy, tinely left lying unguarded in offices dent Johnson accused the defendants theft, and violation of the Espionage of the National Security Council staff." of actions bord~ring on treason. Ellsberg Act for making public the top-secret Defense attorney Leonard Boudin Defense Department study on the Viet­ asked the court to order the govern­ Eight women and four men make nam war. ment to disclose information the FBI up the jury. They are all over 30, case obtained in their investigation of pro­ middle class, and white, with the ex­ The defense exercised preemptory spective jurors. Judge Matt Byrne de­ ception of one Oriental juror. This challenges against the seating of jur­ nied this motion. juror previously served on a jury that ors who have connections with the Judge Byrne also denied a defense found a youth guilty of draft evasion. military, war casualties, defense con­ motion to dismiss the jury and call Boudin repeatedly challenged the seat­ tracts, and security clearances. Ells- for a new panel from which to select ing of this jury.

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