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Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific

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Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand, November 13-15, 2017 Thematic, Strategic Papers and Country Status Reports Citation: R.K. Tyagi, A. Pandey, A. Agrawal, K.S. Varaprasad, R.S. Paroda, R.K. Khetarpal (2018) Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific – Thematic, Strategic Papers and Country Status Reports. Asia-Pacific Association for Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI), Bangkok, Thailand, November 13-15, 2017, x+349 p. Cover page photo identity: Front cover page: Amaranthus caudatus (chaulai) Back cover page: Carissa carandas (karonda) (Photo credit: Dr K.C. Bhatt, NBPGR, New Delhi, India) Editors: Rishi Kumar Tyagi, Anjula Pandey, Anuradha Agrawal, K.S. Varaprasad, Raj S. Paroda, Ravi K. Khetarpal Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is provided on an “as is” basis with full responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions with the authors and not on the editors. Some contents of chapters have been sourced by the authors from their prior publications, and APAARI is not liable for any copyright infringement whatsoever. Published by: Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) 2nd and 4th Floor, FAO Annex Building 202/1 Larn Luang Road Pomprab Sattrupai District, Bangkok 10100, Thailand ISBN: 978-616-7101-10-1 Copyright © APAARI For copies, please contact: The Executive Secretary Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) 2nd and 4th Floor, FAO Annex Building 202/1 Larn Luang Road Pomprab Sattrupai District, Bangkok 10100, Thailand Phone: +662-2822918; Fax: +662-2822920 Email: [email protected]; Website: http://www.apaari.org Contents Foreword iii Acknowledgements v The Organizers vii Thematic Papers 1. Are Neglected Plants the Food for the Future? 1 S. Baldermann, L. Blagojević, K. Frede, R. Klopsch, S. Neugart, A. Neumann, B. Ngwene, J. Norkeweit, D. Schröter, A. Schröter, F.J. Schweigert, M. Wiesner and M. Schreiner 2. Crops for the Future: Agricultural Diversification to 2017 and Beyond 20 Sayed Azam-Ali, Peter Gregory, Sue Azam-Ali and Max Herriman 3. Underutilized Plant Species in Asia-Pacific Region 27 Anjula Pandey 4. Grasspea: A Neglected but Important Pulse Crop for Nutritional Security of Low-Income People 41 Ashutosh Sarker and A.H. Rizvi 5. Nutritionally Rich Underutilized Vegetables - Recapturing Vegetable Phytonutrients for Healthier Diets 47 Ray-Yu Yang 6. Wild Edible Plants in Asia-Pacific: A Case Study with Bastar Tribal Pockets in Chhattisgarh, India 54 Umesh Srivastava, Kailash Chand Bhatt and Anjula Pandey 7. Biofortification in Underutilized Staple Crops for Nutrition in Asia and Africa 70 Wolfgang Pfeiffer, Meike Andersson, M. Govindaraj, Parminder Virk, Binu Cherian, Paul Illona, Sylvia Magezi and Joseph Mulambu 8. Knowledge Management Resources in CABI for Underutilized Crops 82 A. Sivapragasam and Fook Wing Chan 9. Forecast Application for Risk Management in Agriculture: Case Study from Tamil Nadu, India 92 Anshul Agarwal, G. Srinivasan and Dash Itesh Strategic Papers 1. Strategies on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security: Pseudocereals 101 Kuldeep Singh, Shashi Bhalla, B.S. Phogat, Mohar Singh, J.C. Rana and Kalyani Srinivasan 2. Underutilized Climate-Smart Nutrient Rich Small Millets for Food and Nutritional Security 109 Hari D. Upadhyaya and Mani Vetriventhan 3. Underutilized Grain Legumes: Rice Bean, Moth Bean, Adzuki Bean, Faba Bean and Horse Gram 121 J.C. Rana, N.K. Krishna Kumar, Mohar Singh, Rashmi Yadav, Kuldeep Tripathi, Rakesh Bhardwaj and Gayacharan 4. Root and Tuber Crops for Food and Nutritional Security - Perspective from Oceania 137 Arshni Shandil 5. Underutilized Tropical and Subtropical Fruits for Nutrition and Health Security and Climate Resilience - A Bioversity International Initiative 146 Dandin S.B. and N.K. Krishna Kumar Thematic, Strategic Papers and Country Reports iii 6. Potential of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) - A Multipurpose Underutilized Crop of Dry Temperate Himalayas 156 Virendra Singh, Poonam Thakur and Kusum Country Status Reports – South Asia 1. Bangladesh 171 R.R. Saha and B.R. Banik 2. Bhutan 184 Kailash Pradhan 3. India 193 B.S. Phogat, V.A. Tonapi, Shiv Sewak, Kuldeep Singh and Trilochan Mohapatra 4. Iran 215 Darab Hassani 5. Sri Lanka 221 J.D.H. Wijewardena 6. Nepal 230 Baidya Nath Mahto, Narayan Bahadur Dhami, Prem Bahadur Magar and Suk Bahadur Gurung 7. Pakistan 242 Abdul Ghafoor and Nadar Khan Country Status Reports – South-East Asia 8. Lao PDR 253 Bounthong Bouahom, Khamphou Phouyyavong and Siviengkhek Phommalath 9. Malaysia 260 Mohamad Roff Mohd. Noor 10. Thailand 272 Nuengruethai Srithornrath, Rassamee Simma and Udomwit Vaidhayakarn 11. Vietnam 275 Pham Hung Cuong 12. The Philippines 289 Reynaldo V. Ebora, Jocelyn E. Eusebio, Leilani D. Pelegrina and Ma Cecilia S. Alaban 13. Taiwan 299 Ien-Chie Wen Country Status Reports – The Pacific 14. Fiji 305 Savenaca Cuquma 15. Papua New Guinea 314 Birte Komolong 16. Samoa 330 Moafanua Tolo Iosefa Appendix 1 – Technical Programme 336 Appendix 2 – Participants 341 Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security iv in Asia and the Pacific Foreword APAARI under its programme on Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology and Bioresources (APCoAB), jointly organized a Regional Expert Consultation on “Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific” in collaboration with Council of Agriculture, Taiwan during November 13-15, 2017 at Bangkok, Thailand. The Expert Consultation was also sponsored by six other Institutions. Deliberations of Expert Consultation are being published in two parts: the first being “Proceedings and Recommendations” and the second on “Thematic, Strategic and Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops of Asia-Pacific Region” for use more as ready reference. Content and style of presentations in the second publication have been retained as submitted by the contributors particularly with reference to reports of Thailand and Taiwan. The second publication consists of 9 thematic papers, 6 strategic papers and 16 country status reports. Two of the thematic papers (presented by Dr Benard, Mr Herriman) and one strategic paper (presented by Dr N.K. Krishna Kumar) were published earlier and have been reproduced with permission of the authors. Short bioparagraphs of all the presenters have been embedded in their respective papers/reports. Remaining participants contact details have been included in an Appendix. However, the editors put efforts to maintain continuity, uniformity and enhance understanding. Although, proceedings and recommendations are part of the first publication, however, if a country specific work plan needs to be developed, status and gaps presented in each country status report are extremely useful. Thematic and strategy papers have been planned to comprehensively cover aspects of underutilized crops (UUC). Analysis of these papers would help in generating new ideas to promote UUC. The terms UUC, underutilized species (UUS) and neglected and underutilized species (NUS) have been largely used synonymously in both the publications. There are several listed crops in these reports that can be considered as UUC universally. However, some of the major staple food crops have been categorized as underutilized in certain countries. Considering the status and need in such countries, categorization presented by the countries is respected and retained. Learning lessons and success stories included in some of the country status reports will be of great help to other countries in the region. Leadership and relevant authorities in countries are expected to study both the publications while developing plans for their countries to enhance the nutritional, economic and environmental security by promoting UUC. I am happy to state that APAARI with active support from members is committed to implement the recommendations made collectively by the experts and presented in the first publication to achieve SDGs 2, 3 and 13 in the Asia Pacific Region. Ravi Khetarpal Executive Secretary, APAARI Thematic, Strategic Papers and Country Reports v Acknowledgements On behalf of APAARI and its programme APCoAB, it’s a great pleasure to place on record appreciation to all the co-organizers, participants, service providers and staff who contributed in the successful organization of the ‘Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in the Asia-Pacific Region’ held at Bangkok from November 13-15, 2017. This document is the second publication emanating from the presentations made during Expert Consultation. We are extremely grateful to all the 16 countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Fiji, India, Iran, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, PNG, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam for deputing the Heads and/or the representatives of their respective National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS), besides Subject Experts from various organizations. They have contributed in providing important thematic and strategic papers on underutilized crops and respective Country Status Reports in relation to the theme of the Expert Consultation. All the authors, as well as their co-authors, are sincerely thanked for providing very useful and comprehensive information, which has been encapsulated in this publication. A few individuals
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    E Agenda Item 7(b) CX/PR 18/50/7 February 2018 JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES 50th Session Haikou, PR. China, 9 - 14 April 2017 REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD AND FEED: CLASS A: PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN TYPE 05: HERBS AND SPICES GROUP 027 HERBS GROUP 028 SPICES (AT STEP 7) (Prepared by the Electronic Working Group chaired by the United States of America and co-chaired by the Netherlands) Codex members and Observers wishing to submit specific comments on Groups 027 and 028 should do so as instructed in CL 2018/20-PR. Circular letters are available on the Codex webpage/Circular Letters: http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/resources/circular-letters/en BACKGROUND 1. Background on the discussion of the revision of the Classification of Food and Feed (CXM 4-1989) can be found in the reports of the 36th – 49th sessions of the Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR) including relevant sessions of the Codex Alimentarius (CAC) held from 2004 to 2017.1 2. The practice adopted by the Committee in the revision of the Classification is to retain the revision of the commodity groups (e.g. fruit commodity groups, vegetable commodity groups, etc.) awaiting final compilation of the related commodity groups and the corresponding tables on examples of representative commodities for inclusion in the Classification of Food and Feed and the Principles and Guidance on the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups (CXG 84-2012) respectively.