Extended Phase 1 Survey of Land South of Church Road, Westhorpe, Suffolk

Hartog Hutton

October 2019

Hillier Ecology Limited 127 Fletton Avenue, Peterborough, PE2 8BX Office: 01733 894979 Mobile: 07730 758439 [email protected] Site Name Land South of Church Road, Westhorpe Report Type Extended Phase 1 Survey Client Hartog Hutton

Name Position Surveyed by Howard Hillier Principal Ecologist Deborah Hillier Ecologist Prepared by Howard Hillier Principal Ecologist Checked by Deborah Hillier Ecologist

DISCLAIMER

Hillier Ecology Limited have used reasonable skill and care in completing this work and preparing this report, within the terms of its brief and contract, and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the stated scope. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. The opinions and interpretations presented in this report represent our reasonable technical interpretation of the information made available to us. Hillier Ecology Limited accept no responsibility for information or data provided by other bodies, and accept no legal liability arising from the use by other persons of data, information or opinions in this report.

Except for the provision of professional services on a fee basis, Hillier Ecology Limited do not have a commercial arrangement with any other person or company involved in the interests that are subject of this report.

The material presented in this report is confidential. This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of the client and shall not be distributed or made available to any other company or person without the knowledge and written consent of the client or Hillier Ecology Limited.

VALIDITY

Due to the dynamic nature of ecological conditions the results of the survey(s) and related conclusions and recommendations as contained within this report should only be considered valid for up to 24 months from the date the last survey was undertaken.

Any alterations to the site proposals may invalidate the recommendations contained within this report.

2 Contents

1.0 Summary 4-5

2.0 Introduction 5

3.0 Site Details 5-8

4.0 Survey Methodology 8-11

5.0 Survey Results 11-13

6.0 Data Search 13-14

7.0 Conclusions 14-15

8.0 Recommendations 16-17

9.0 Legal Protection 17-20

10.0 References 20-21

11.0 Appendices 22-39

3 1.0 Summary

1.1 An Extended Phase 1 survey has been carried out on land south of Church Road, Westhorpe covering the following species; birds Aves, Badger Meles meles, reptiles, bats Chiroptera sp., Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus, Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus, flora and hedgerows.

1.2 No birds were recorded during the survey; the trees and hedgerows offer suitable nesting opportunities.

1.3 No further bird surveys are required.

1.4 No Badger setts were present on site and no evidence of Badger otherwise using the site was recorded.

1.5 The site does not offer suitable habitat to support reptiles.

1.6 No further reptile surveys are required.

1.7 All trees offered negligible potential to support roosting bats.

1.8 The site is of low suitability for foraging and commuting bats.

1.9 The Habitat Suitability Index assessment of the pond adjacent to the site resulted in a score of 0.62 which indicated Average Pond Suitability with an estimated 55% of Average ponds supporting Great Crested Newt.

1.10 Given the just Average Pond Suitability and individual parameters such as poor water quality and heavy shading the surveyor does not consider that further surveys are necessary.

1.11 Signs of Hedgehog were looked for and the habitat assessed as to its suitability to support Hedgehog; no signs were recorded but the site and surrounds are considered suitable Hedgehog habitat.

1.12 No further Hedgehog surveys are required.

1.13 The flora survey recorded twenty-three common and widespread species of plant.

1.14 The Hedgerows did not meet the criteria for Important Hedgerows under the Hedgerow Regulations.

1.15 The ditch adjacent to Church Road was dry and therefore not specifically surveyed.

4 1.16 To complement the field survey a data search covering a 2km radius from the site was carried out with Suffolk Biodiversity Information Service.

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Hillier Ecology Limited were commissioned by Hartog Hutton to carry out an Extended Phase 1 survey of land south of Church Road, Westhorpe, Suffolk.

2.2 The survey was carried out to assess the impact the proposed residential development would have on biodiversity.

3.0 Site Details

3.1 The site is located at NGR TM0462169163 (Appendix 1).

3.2 The site and surrounds comprise of the following habitats.

• Semi-improved grassland • Tall ruderal vegetation • Hedgerows • Mature trees • Dry ditch • Standing water • Arable • Dwellings • Gardens

3.3 The diversity of habitats is suitable for supporting protected species.

3.4 The survey area is shown in the photographs below and (Appendix 2).

5 Plate 1 Survey Area

Plate 2 Survey Area

6 Plate 3 Survey Area

Plate 4 Survey Area

7 Plate 5 Survey Area

4.0 Survey Methodologies

Birds

4.1 An assessment of the sites suitability to support breeding birds has been carried out.

4.2 All birds seen and heard were recorded.

Badger

4.3 A walkover survey of the site has been carried out to search for the following signs (Harris et al 1989):

• Setts • Latrines • Dung • Badger Hair • Footprints • Pathways

8 4.4 Evidence of Badger activity, if found, was recorded.

Reptiles

4.5 A walkover of the site has been carried out to assess if the habitat is suitable to sustain a population of reptiles. The following habitats were looked for:

• Bare Ground • Variety of Sward Heights • Natural Refugia • Basking Areas

Bats (Trees)

4.6 The survey involved a thorough search of all the trees looking for potential roost sites, which are the following:

• Cracks • Cavities • Loose Bark • Broken Limbs • Ivy

4.7 A search was made for the following signs:

• Faeces • Urine staining • Fur rubbing • Live bats

4.8 The trees were categorised using the criteria below.

Assessment of Potential to Support Roosting Bats - Categories for Trees Negligible potential Tree contains no suitable features for roosting bats. These can include young trees without ivy and without loose bark and obvious cracks / fissures. Usually saplings, semi-mature specimens with a small girth or mature trees which do not tend to form fissures as readily such as sycamore. Low potential Tree contains limited features suitable for roosting bats. Usually young (sapling or semi-mature) trees with some ivy or some

9 loose bark but no obvious cracks or fissures. No evidence of bats found (e.g. droppings / staining). Moderate potential Tree contains some features suitable for roosting bats. Trees with some cracks or fissures and/or large amounts of ivy / loose bark. Usually semi-mature or mature specimens. Trees tend not to have large splits, hollow trunks or woodpecker holes. No evidence of bats found. High potential Tree contains features that are highly desirable for roosting bats. Trees with woodpecker holes / large cracks and/or crevices. Often with a hollow trunk. May support very dense ivy. No evidence of bats found. Confirmed roost Bats discovered roosting within the tree, or recorded emerging / entering a tree at dusk / dawn. Trees found to contain conclusive evidence of occupation by bats, such as bat droppings. A confirmed roost record (as supplied by an established source such as the local bat group) would also fall into this category.

Hedgehog

4.9 A habitat assessment of the site was carried out to look at its suitability to support Hedgehog.

4.10 Favoured habitats are shown below:

• Gardens • Hedgerows • Woodlands • Grasslands • Parkland

Great Crested Newt

4.11 A Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) assessment has been carried out on the pond to assess its suitability to support amphibians.

4.12 The HSI for Great Crested Newt was developed by (Oldham et al 2000).

10 4.13 The HSI is a numerical index, between 0.01 and 1, 0.01 indicates unsuitable habitat, 1 represents optimal habitat.

4.14 The HSI for Great Crested Newt incorporates ten suitability indices, all of which are factors thought to affect Great Crested Newt. The ten suitability indices are as follows:

• Location • Pond area • Pond drying • Water quality • Shade • Fowl • Fish • Ponds • Terrestrial habitat • Macrophytes

4.15 Table 1 shows the categorisation of the HSI scores and PS.

Table 1 Categorisation of HSI Scores and Pond Suitability

HSI Pond Suitability <0.5 Poor 0.5 - 0.59 Below Average 0.6 – 0.69 Average 0.7 – 0.79 Good >0.8 Excellent

Flora

4.16 A walkover the site was carried out to record all plant species.

Hedgerows

4.17 The hedgerows were assessed against the criteria for Important Hedgerows under the Hedgerow Regulations.

5.0 Survey Results

5.1 The survey was carried out on 2nd June 2018; the weather conditions at the time of the survey were sun and cloud with a Beaufort Windscale of 0 and a temperature of 18°c.

11 5.2 The Extended Phase 1 Survey was carried out by Howard Hillier who holds Natural England Bat Survey Licence Number 2016-21564-CLS-CLS and Natural England Great Crested Newt Survey Licence Number 2016-21716- CLS-CLS, assisted by Deborah Hillier.

Birds

5.3 No birds were recorded during the survey.

5.4 The trees and hedgerows present are suitable for nesting birds; the sward is not of suitable height for ground nesting species.

Badger

5.5 There were no Badger setts and no evidence of Badger using the site was recorded.

Reptiles

5.6 The habitat assessment of the site did not meet the criteria as suitable reptile habitat; comprising in the main of semi-improved grassland and lacking in a variety of sward heights, bare ground and basking areas.

Bats

5.7 A habitat assessment was carried out to look at the suitability of trees to support roosting bats; all trees offered negligible potential.

5.8 With trees and hedgerows to the site boundaries the site is of low suitability for foraging and commuting bats.

Great Crested Newt

5.9 The pond was subject to a Habitat Suitability Index assessment the results of which are summarised in the table below.

Table 2 Habitat Suitability Index Assessment Results

Indices SI Score Location 1.0 Pond area 0.3 Pond drying 0.9 Water quality 0.33 Shade 0.4 Fowl 1.0

12 Fish 0.67 Ponds 1.0 Terrestrial habitat 1.0 Macrophytes 0.35 HSI 0.62 PS Average Predicted pond occupancy 0.55

Hedgehog

5.10 No signs of Hedgehog were recorded but the site is considered suitable Hedgehog habitat.

Flora

5.11 Twenty-three common and widespread species of plant were recorded; a species list can be found in (Appendix 3).

Hedgerows

5.12 The hedgerows did not meet the criteria for Important Hedgerows under the Hedgerow Regulations.

6.0 Data Search

6.1 A data search covering a 2km radius from the site was conducted with Suffolk Biodiversity Information Service.

6.2 The data search covered non-statutory sites, statutory sites and species.

6.3 Westhorpe Green County Wildlife Site falls within the search area approximately 1km from the site.

6.4 A small development in an already developed area is likely to have no impact on the County Wildlife Site.

6.5 The search returned 278 records for protected and notable species which comprise of 76 species.

6.6 Species within the records include amphibians (including Great Crested Newt), birds, flora, Water Vole Arvicola amphibius, bats, Hedgehog and Harvest Mouse Micromys minutus.

13 6.7 In terms of the survey area records for amphibians, birds, flora, Water Vole, bats and Hedgehog are of note; there is only a single record for Great Crested Newt approximately 500m from the site despite records of other amphibians for other ponds in the area, the pond has average suitability for Great Crested Newt but given individual parameters no further surveys are recommended and a lack of records supports this; the suitability of the trees and hedgerows to support nesting birds has been noted; the flora of the site is typical of the habitats present; the dry ditch is unsuitable for Water Vole; the site is of low suitability for foraging and commuting bats and does not offer potential to support roosting bats; the site and surrounds are suitable for Hedgehog; there was no evidence of Badger using the site.

6.8 In terms of other species the habitat is unsuitable.

6.9 Mitigation and enhancements will be provided for birds, bats and Hedgehog.

6.10 The results of the data search are included in (Appendix 4).

7.0 Conclusions

Birds

7.1 No birds were recorded during the survey.

7.2 The trees and hedgerows offer suitable nesting habitat; if any removal of this takes place it will take place at an appropriate time of year and be mitigated though the installation of new nesting features.

Badger

7.3 There was no evidence of Badger on site or in the surrounds and no further Badger surveys are required.

Reptiles

7.4 The site was considered unsuitable for supporting reptiles; comprising in the main of semi-improved grassland and lacking in a variety of sward heights, bare ground and basking areas.

14 Bats

7.5 All trees were surveyed and found to have negligible potential to support roosting bats.

7.6 The site was assessed as offering low suitability for foraging and commuting bats.

7.7 The new dwellings present an opportunity to create new roosting features which will be complemented by bat friendly lighting.

Great Crested Newt

7.8 The Habitat Suitability Index assessment resulted in a Pond Suitability of Average; based on the experience of the surveyor and the low scores for individual parameters such as water quality and shade no further surveys are recommended.

7.9 Precautionary measures will be taken to protect amphibians.

Hedgehog

7.10 There were no signs of Hedgehog but the habitat was considered suitable; Hedgehog homes would offer enhancements for Hedgehog.

Flora

7.11 All species recorded are considered to be common and widespread.

Hedgerows

7.12 The Hedgerows did not meet the criteria for Important Hedgerows under the Hedgerow Regulations; hedgerows are a Priority Habitat and it is believed that they are to be retained.

15 8.0 Recommendations

Birds

8.1 If trees or hedgerows are to be removed this should be done outside of bird breeding season (March to September inclusive), where this is not possible an inspection will be carried out by a suitably qualified ecologist prior to removal and if necessary appropriate buffer zones agreed until such time as young have fledged the nest.

8.2 Nest boxes for House Sparrow, Starling and Swift (installed in groups of 3) will be installed in the new dwellings between north and east at heights of two to four metres; these will be installed in 50% of new properties.

Bats

8.3 Bat boxes will be installed in the new dwellings; Schwegler 1FR and Ibstock Enclosed Bat Box ‘C’ will cater for a variety of species which usually roost in houses; they will be installed in a south facing position at a height not less than three metres; these will be installed in 50% of new properties.

8.4 Any external lighting will be kept to a minimum and directed downwards through the use of hoods and cowls; particular care will be taken to avoid lighting newly created roost features and retained habitats such as the trees and hedgerows.

Great Crested Newt

8.5 Although no further surveys are recommended precautions will be taken to protect Great Crested Newt in the unlikely event they are present.

8.6 Generally harm to amphibians is likely to be avoided if works with the potential to cause harm, vegetation clearance, are carried out between March and June when they are most likely to be in ponds; an inspection for breeding birds may be required if works are carried out between March and September.

8.7 Outside of these months undertaking work only during daylight hours decreases the risk of harm as Great Crested Newt are known to be most active at night.

8.8 Specifically, the following measures will be taken:

• Prior to works commencing Heras fencing or similar will be installed to protect boundary habitats as appropriate.

16 • Suitable vegetation will be strimmed/mowed in two successively shorter cuts; the first to 10-15cm in height at least 48 hours prior to the second cut as close to the ground as possible with cuttings removed from the site. • A destructive search will be carried out prior to a soil strip under the supervision of a licenced ecologist; a toothed bucket will be used to remove the first few inches of soil thus reducing the risk to Great Crested Newt that may be present in cracks; in the unlikely event that Great Crested Newt are captured they will be relocated in suitable areas outside of the boundary fencing. • Working areas will be maintained in this condition until construction commences. • Any excavations will be boarded and weighted overnight or a ramp provided as a form of egress. • All new building materials will be stored on pallets or in bags to prevent use by newts.

Hedgehog

8.9 To provide enhancements for Hedgehog four Hedgehog homes should be provided.

8.10 Enhancements and mitigation are shown in (Appendix 5).

9.0 Legal Protection

Birds

9.1 All bird’s nests are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), which makes it an offence to intentionally take, damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird while that nest is in use or being built.

Badger

9.2 The Badger receives legal protection under The Protection of Badgers Act 1992.

9.3 The following is a summary of the offences contained in the act. It is a criminal offence to commit any of the following:

• To interfere with a sett by damaging or destroying it. • To obstruct access to, or any entrance of a Badger sett. • To disturb a Badger when it is occupying a sett.

17 9.4 A Badger sett is defined by the legislation as “any structure or place, which displays signs indicating current use by a Badger” and this is taken by Natural England to include seasonally used setts.

Reptiles

9.5 Common Lizard, Slow Worm, Adder and Grass Snake are protected under Section 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (as amended) against injuring, killing or selling.

9.6 For developers to reduce the risk of prosecution under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (as amended) there must be evidence that reasonable effort was made to avoid breaking the law, including proof of adequate surveys.

Bats

9.7 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 transpose into UK law Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 992 (often referred to as the Habitats Directive). All bats are listed under Annex IV and some (horseshoe bats, Bechstein’s and Barbastelle) are also listed under Annex II which relates to Special Areas of Conservation.

These Regulations make it an offence to:

• Deliberately capture, injure or kill a bat.

• Deliberately disturb bats in a way as to be likely significantly to affect the ability of any significant groups of bats to survive, breed or rear or nurture their young, or to affect the local distribution of abundance of that species.

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place of a bat.

• Keep, transport, sell or exchange, or offer for sale or exchange a live or dead bat or any part of a bat.

9.8 In addition the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) makes it an offence to intentionally or recklessly:

• Disturb any bat whilst it is occupying a structure or place which it uses for shelter or protection.

• Obstruct access to any structure or place which any bat uses for shelter or protection. .

18 9.9 Penalties are fines of up to £5000 per bat and up to 6 months custodial sentence.

Great Crested Newt

9.10 Great Crested Newt are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), through inclusion in Schedule 5. Great Crested Newt are also included in Schedule 2 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017.

9.11 Taken together the Act and Regulations make it illegal to:

• Intentionally or deliberately kill, injure or capture Great Crested Newt.

• Deliberately disturb Great Crested Newt or intentionally or recklessly disturb them in a place used for shelter or protection.

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place.

• Intentionally or recklessly damage, destroy or obstruct access to a place used for shelter or protection.

• Possess a Great Crested Newt, or any part of it, unless acquired legally.

• Sell, barter, exchange or transport or offer for sale Great Crested Newt or parts of them.

Hedgehog

9.12 Hedgehog are afforded limited protection under Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) making it illegal to capture or kill them using certain methods. They are also protected from cruelty through the Wild Mammals Protection Act 1996.

19 The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006)

9.13 Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act (2006) sets out a list of habitats and species that are of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England. The list (including 56 habitats and 943 species) drawn up in consultation with Natural England, provides a guide to local and regional authorities when implementing their duty as defined in Section 40 of the NERC Act 2006;

• “Every public authority must, in exercising its functions, have regard, so far as is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions, to the purpose of conserving biodiversity.” - Section 40(1).

• “Conserving biodiversity includes, in relation to a living organism or type of habitat, restoring or enhancing a population or habitat”. - Section 40(3).

National Planning Policy Framework (2019)

9.14 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2019) sets out Government Policy on Biodiversity and Nature Conservation and places a duty on planners to give material consideration to the effect of a development on legally protected species when considering planning applications. NPPF also promotes sustainable development by ensuring that developments take account of the role and value of biodiversity and that it is conserved and enhanced within the development.

10.0 References

Altringham, John (2003). British Bats, Harper Collins New Naturalist, London.

Anon (1998). Herpetofauna Groups of Britain and Ireland. Evaluating Local Mitigation/Translocation Programmes, Froglife, Halesworth, Unpubl.

Anon (2001). Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines, English Nature, Peterborough.

Collins J (ed.) (2016). Bat Surveys for Professional Ecologists: Good Practice Guidelines (3rd edition), The Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Dietz C, von Helversen Otto, Nill Dietmar (2009). Bats of Britain, Europe and Africa, A & C Black, London.

20 Eaton MA, Aebischer NJ, Brown AF, Hearn RD, Lock L, Musgrove AJ, Noble DG, Stroud DA and Gregory RD (2015) Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. British Birds 108, 708–746.

Gent T and Gibson S (2003). Herpetofanua Workers Manual, JNCC, Peterborough.

Harris S, Cresswell P and Jefferies D (1989). Surveying Badgers, The Mammal Society, London.

Harris S, Jefferies D, Cheeseman C and Booty C (1994). Problems with Badgers, RSPCA, West Sussex.

HMSO (1981). Wildlife and Countryside Act, HMSO, London.

HMSO (2017). Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations, HMSO, London.

HMSO (2000). Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act, HMSO, London.

HMSO (2006). Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act, HMSO, London.

HMSO (1992). The Protection of Badgers Act, HMSO, London.

HMSO (1996). Wild Mammals (Protection) Act, HMSO, London.

HMSO (1997). The Hedgerow Regulations, HMSO, London.

JNCC (2010). Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey, JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton TES, Beckett CL, Foster JP (2001). Great Crested Newt Conservation Handbook, Froglife, Halesworth.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (2019). National Planning Policy Framework, Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, London.

Mitchell-Jones AJ (2004). Bat Mitigation Guidelines, English Nature, Peterborough.

Mitchell-Jones AJ and McLeish AP (1999). The Bat Workers Manual, JNCC, Peterborough.

Oldham R S, Keeble J, Swan M J S and Jeffcote M (2000). Evaluating the suitability of habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus), Herpetological Journal 10 (4), 143-155.

21 Appendix 1 Site Location

22 Appendix 2 Survey Area

23 Appendix 3 Species List - Flora

Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass Bellis perennis Daisy Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Conium maculatum Hemlock Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb Galium aparine Cleavers Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Phleum pratense Timothy Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Plantago major Greater Plantain Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass Potentilla erecta Tormentil Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Rubus fruticosus Bramble Sambucus nigra Elder Silene dioica Red Campion Silene latifolia White Campion Urtica dioica Common Nettle

24

Appendix 4 Data Search

25 Scale report: 1:9000

26 Common_Name Latin_Name Location Year Abundance Common Toad Bufo bufo Westhorpe 2005 Common Toad Bufo bufo Westhorpe 2005 Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris Westhorpe 2013 Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris Westhorpe 2013 Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris Westhorpe 2013 Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris Westhorpe 2013 Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris Westhorpe 2005 Common Frog Rana temporaria Westhorpe 2013 Common Frog Rana temporaria Westhorpe 2005 Common Frog Rana temporaria Westhorpe 2005 Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus Westhorpe 2013 Lesser Redpoll Acanthis cabaret Westhorpe 2014 2 Count Lesser Redpoll Acanthis cabaret Westhorpe 2014 2 Count Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Finningham 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Westhorpe 2011 2 Count Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Wyverstone 2007 2 Count Skylark Alauda arvensis Westhorpe 2015 1 Count Skylark Alauda arvensis Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Skylark Alauda arvensis Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Skylark Alauda arvensis Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Westhorpe 2012 1 Count Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Westhorpe 2015 2 Count Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Westhorpe 2014 18 Count Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Westhorpe 2009 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Westhorpe 2008 22 Count Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Westhorpe 2014 2 Count

27 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Wyverstone 2008 Swift Apus apus Finningham 2008 Swift Apus apus Wyverstone 2008 Swift Apus apus Westhorpe 2008 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Westhorpe 2008 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Finningham 2008 1 Count Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus Westhorpe 2015 1 Count Long-eared Owl Asio otus Westhorpe 2009 1 Count Long-eared Owl Asio otus Finningham 2009 1 Count Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2015 Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2014 Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2013 Little Owl Athene noctua Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2008 3 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2008 3 Count Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Little Owl Athene noctua Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2015 1 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2014 3 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2014 3 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Wyverstone 2009 3 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2009 1 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2009 1 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Buzzard Buteo buteo Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Westhorpe 2014 7 Count Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Westhorpe 2011 500 Count Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Finningham 2008 Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Westhorpe 2008 53 Count Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Westhorpe 2013 1 Count Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Westhorpe 2007

28 Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2015 2 Count Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2014 5 Count Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2014 Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2012 Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2010 Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2010 Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2009 1 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed Stock Dove Columba oenas Westhorpe 2009 1 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed Mute Swan Cygnus olor Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Mute Swan Cygnus olor Finningham 2008 4 Count Mute Swan Cygnus olor Westhorpe 2002 1 Count Mute Swan Cygnus olor Westhorpe 2002 1 Count House Martin Delichon urbicum Westhorpe 2011 1 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed Little Egret Egretta garzetta Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Westhorpe 2015 6 Count Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Westhorpe 2014 24 Count Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Westhorpe 2011 93 Count Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Westhorpe 2008 100 Count Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Westhorpe 2015 2 Count Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Westhorpe 2014 4 Count Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Westhorpe 2008 12 Count Peregrine Falco peregrinus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Peregrine Falco peregrinus Westhorpe 2013 1 Count Peregrine Falco peregrinus Westhorpe 2010 1 Count Peregrine Falco peregrinus Westhorpe 2010 1 Count Hobby Falco subbuteo Westhorpe 2012 1 Count Hobby Falco subbuteo Westhorpe 2011 2 Count Hobby Falco subbuteo Wyverstone 2009 1 Count Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2015 1 Count Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2015 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2014 2 Count Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2012 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2009 1 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed

29 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2008 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2008 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Westhorpe 2008 4 Count Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Westhorpe 2011 4 Count Snipe Gallinago gallinago Wyverstone 2008 1 Count Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Westhorpe 2015 5 Count Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Westhorpe 2014 12 Count Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Westhorpe 2009 Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Westhorpe 2008 4 Count Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Wyverstone 2007 Herring Gull Larus argentatus Westhorpe 2008 4 Count Herring Gull Larus argentatus Wyverstone 2008 Common Gull Larus canus Westhorpe 2014 5 Count Common Gull Larus canus Finningham 2008 Common Gull Larus canus Westhorpe 2008 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Westhorpe 2014 8 Count Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Westhorpe 2011 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Westhorpe 2008 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Wyverstone 2007 4 Count Linnet Linaria cannabina Westhorpe 2015 40 Count Linnet Linaria cannabina Westhorpe 2014 40 Count Linnet Linaria cannabina Westhorpe 2011 1 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed Linnet Linaria cannabina Westhorpe 2011 40 Count Linnet Linaria cannabina Wyverstone 2008 2 Count Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Red Kite Milvus milvus Westhorpe 2016 2 Count Red Kite Milvus milvus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Red Kite Milvus milvus Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Red Kite Milvus milvus Westhorpe 2009 1 Count Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Westhorpe 2011 2 Count Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata Westhorpe 2011 4 Count

30 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2016 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2015 6 Count House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2014 10 Count House Sparrow Passer domesticus Wyverstone 2011 1 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2009 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2009 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2009 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2009 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2008 1 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed House Sparrow Passer domesticus Westhorpe 2008 Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Westhorpe 2011 2 Count Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Westhorpe 2011 8 Count Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Finningham 2008 Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Wyverstone 2008 2 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Westhorpe 2007 1 Count Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Westhorpe 2014 80 Count Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Westhorpe 2014 112 Count Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Westhorpe 2009 300 Count Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Westhorpe 2008 30 Count Marsh Tit Poecile palustris Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Marsh Tit Poecile palustris Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Marsh Tit Poecile palustris Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Marsh Tit Poecile palustris Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Dunnock Prunella modularis Westhorpe 2015 1 Count Dunnock Prunella modularis Westhorpe 2014 3 Count Dunnock Prunella modularis Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Dunnock Prunella modularis Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Dunnock Prunella modularis Westhorpe 2009 Dunnock Prunella modularis Westhorpe 2009 Dunnock Prunella modularis Westhorpe 2009 Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2014 10 Count

31 Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2014 3 Count Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2009 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2009 Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2009 Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2008 3 Count Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Westhorpe 2008 3 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2008 3 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2008 5 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2008 3 Count Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Westhorpe 2008 3 Count Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Finningham 2015 1 Count Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Westhorpe 2013 1 Count Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2014 Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2011 Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2011 1 Count Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2008 Tawny Owl Strix aluco Westhorpe 2008 2 Count Starling Sturnus vulgaris Westhorpe 2015 Starling Sturnus vulgaris Westhorpe 2014 40 Count Starling Sturnus vulgaris Wyverstone 2011 1 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed Starling Sturnus vulgaris Finningham 2011 1 Probable Count of Breeding confirmed Starling Sturnus vulgaris Westhorpe 2009 Starling Sturnus vulgaris Westhorpe 2009 Starling Sturnus vulgaris Westhorpe 2008 Starling Sturnus vulgaris Westhorpe 2008

32 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Westhorpe 2012 3 Count Redwing Turdus iliacus Westhorpe 2015 200 Count Redwing Turdus iliacus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Redwing Turdus iliacus Westhorpe 2008 Redwing Turdus iliacus Finningham 2008 Redwing Turdus iliacus Wyverstone 2008 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Westhorpe 2014 3 Count Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Finningham 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Wyverstone 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Westhorpe 2009 Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Westhorpe 2014 13 Count Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Wyverstone 2008 Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Westhorpe 2008 82 Count Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Finningham 2008 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Finningham 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Westhorpe 2011 1 Possible Count of Breeding confirmed Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Wyverstone 2008 3 Count Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2015 Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2014 1 Count Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2013 Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2011 2 Count Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2011 1 Confirmed Count of Breeding confirmed Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2009 Barn Owl Tyto alba Finningham 2008 1 Count Barn Owl Tyto alba Westhorpe 2008 1 Count Barn Owl Tyto alba Walsham-le-Willows 2007 1 Count Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Finningham 2008 Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Westhorpe 2008 Stinking Chamomile Anthemis cotula Westhorpe 2017 Stinking Chamomile Anthemis cotula Westhorpe 2017 Dwarf Spurge Euphorbia exigua Gislingham 2000 Fritillary Fritillaria meleagris Westhorpe 2015

33 Fritillary Fritillaria meleagris Westhorpe Green 2011 Stinking Hellebore Helleborus foetidus Westhorpe 2015 Stinking Hellebore Helleborus foetidus Gislingham 2000 Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Westhorpe 2015 Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera Westhorpe Green 2010 Black Poplar Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia Westhorpe 1998 2 Count of Male Heath Speedwell Veronica officinalis Westhorpe 2015 Wall Lasiommata megera Westhorpe 2010 1 Count of A European Water Vole Arvicola amphibius Westhorpe 2016 Serotine Eptesicus serotinus Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 Serotine Eptesicus serotinus Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2015 West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 3 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 3 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2014 1 Count West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2012 1 Count of alive West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Westhorpe 2005 1 Count of Unknown Harvest Mouse Micromys minutus Westhorpe 2009 Daubenton's Bat Myotis daubentonii Wyverstone 2010 Natterer's Bat Myotis nattereri Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 Natterer's Bat Myotis nattereri Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 Natterer's Bat Myotis nattereri Wyverstone 2010 Noctule Bat Nyctalus noctula Wyverstone 2010 Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus Wyverstone 2010 Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus Westhorpe Churchyard 2001 Soprano Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus Westhorpe Churchyard 2016 Soprano Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus Wyverstone 2010

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Appendix 5 Enhancements and Mitigation

Bird Boxes

Schwegler Sparrow Terrace

Ibstock Eco-habitat for Swifts

Ecosurv Starling Box

35

Bat Boxes

Schwegler 1FR

The 1FR Bat Tube is designed to be installed on the external walls of buildings, either flush or beneath a rendered surface. This makes it ideal for situations where you wish the box to be discrete as only the entrance hole will be visible. It can also be painted to match your building with an air permeable paint if desired.

The 1FR is specifically designed to meet the characteristic behavioural requirements of the types of bats that inhabit buildings. It has an integrated wooden panel onto which bats can cling and a ridged entrance slope which makes it easy for them to enter and leave the box safely. The design maintains excellent climatic conditions inside providing bats with a safe and stable environment in which to roost and it requires no maintenance because droppings fall out of the entrance ramp.

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Ibstock Enclosed Bat Box “C”

The Enclosed Bat Box 'C' from Ibstock is designed for the pipistrelle bat. It is ideal for new builds as it can be integrated directly into the brickwork to produce a discrete but attractive home for bats.

The inside of the box is designed to create several roosting zones which are ideal for crevice dwelling bats such as the pipistrelle. The bottom entrance means that no maintenance is required as dropping simply fall out the bottom.

This box is available in two sizes in smooth red, smooth blue or smooth cream brick and has an attractive bat motive on the front. This box is durable and fully frost resistant.

37 Hedgehog Home

This wicker Igloo Hedgehog Home is designed to be an attractive home and a safe retreat for hedgehogs. It is constructed using a round painted steel frame with a water-proofed roof which is covered with a brush wood finish. It is designed to blend into the garden.

The igloo is spacious and can accommodate family groups and the entrance tunnel is designed to provide protection from predators such as badgers and dogs. The Igloo Hedgehog Home is predominately designed for shelter but may also be used during hibernation if additional garden waste is provided as cover.

38 Underneath the textured brushwood finish there is a sturdy steel frame covered with a waterproof felt lining. The wooden entrance door is manufactured from FSC wood and forms a short predator defence tunnel, small enough to deter access by dogs or badgers. The edges of the house can be pegged down using tent pegs to provide extra security. To encourage hedgehogs to use the house site it in a quiet corner of the garden and cover with leaves for extra camouflage. The edges of the hedgehog house are finished with decorative rattan.

39