9.1 – Ecological Consultation Records

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

9.1 – Ecological Consultation Records 9.1 – Ecological Consultation Records Hamptons Property LLP Holditch House, Holditch Road – Environmental Statement 110430-1 (00) Consultation Data Received From Staffordshire Ecological Records 2 Ecological Information for Newcastle-under-Lyme 1) Location and extent of important sites : See attached map 2) List of important sites Statutory Sites (SSSIs/LNRs) SJ839497 Metallic Tileries, Park House SSSI The citation reports for the SSSIs are available from the Natural England web-site at: www.naturalengland.org.uk Non-statutory Ecological Sites (SBIs/BASs) 84/18/48 SJ814488 Watermills Wood SBI (2007) 84/28/47 SJ824487 Apedale Disused Tips BAS (1999) 85/40/36 SJ843506 Bradwell Wood SBI (1999) Site on the Natural England Ancient Woodland Inventory (AWI) SJ843503 Bradwell Wood Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland SJ818488 Watermills Wood Ancient & Semi-Natural Woodland Regionally Important Geological/geomorphological Sites (RIGS) 84/28/25 SJ822485 Apedale, Furnace Quarry RIGS (2003) 3) Protected Species within search area An annotated list of all Internationally and UK protected species together with species from the UK and Staffordshire Biodiversity Action Plans is attached. A Partnership operated by English Nature, Staffordshire County Council, Staffordshire Wildlife Trust and Stoke-on-Trent City Council The Wolseley Centre, Wolseley Bridge, A legend to the map showing Stafford. ST17 0WT Tel: 01889 880100 Fax: 01889 880101 Email: [email protected] Nature Conservation Sites and Species Introduction These colours are used on the site alert mapping within the SWT GIS, but SER cannot guarantee the same colours are used in any other mapping system, particularly those based on ArcView. Statutory Designations from Natural England's web-site 8888 National Nature Reserves (boundary not available because of OS restrictions) 88 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (boundary not available because of OS restrictions) Local Nature Reserves Non-statutory Designations from the Staffordshire Grading System (1995 onwards) Site of Biological Importance (ex Grade 1 SBI) Biodiversity Alert Site (ex Grade 2 SBI) Proposed/potential Site of Biological Importance Geological Sites Regionally Important Geological/geomorphological Sites Staffordshire Wildlife Trust Sites SWT Nature Reserves Ancient Woodland Inventory Other Nature Reserves Ancient & Semi-natural Woodland Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Ancient Replanted Woodland Species Information 4444 Mammals excluding those listed below "" Amphibians and reptiles excluding those below 2222 Otter (Lutra lutra) ((( Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) &&&& Badger (Meles meles) - not normally supplied C Native Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) !!!! Water Vole (Arvicola terrestris) 55 Flowering plants except those below 3333 All bat species ( Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) )))) All bird species ’’ Butterflies and Moths . Any other protected species (precise to 100m) . BAP Species Records (precise to 100m) " All Protected Species Records (precise to 1km) " BAP Species Records (precise to 1km) Notes: The Local Nature Reserve and other nature reserve boundaries can overlay the current grading when both layers are actively visible Where there are multiple species records for the same grid reference the dot for one species may obscure the dots for other species - all species records will be displayed in the accompanying spreadsheet Not all the above categories may be present on the accompanying map M:\Workspcs\SER\EnquiryLegend.wor Version 2.0 December 2010 SER/11/100 The Wolseley Centre, Wolseley Bridge, Nature Conservation Sites and Species Stafford. ST17 0WT N Tel: 01889 880100 Fax: 01889 880101 for Newcastle-under-Lyme Email: [email protected] Note: Badger records are excluded, and only 100m precision sightings are plotted BradweBraBradwBradwellrara wwewell l l WoodWWoWoodW od dd WaWeemmlssWWatermillsW t e m s 888 MetalMetMetallictallt l ll ic c TileTileriTiTileries, e ies,i s, , WWoodoodod ood d PaParkrk k HousHHouHouseHouHHous uus "" !! "" ! """" !!!! ""(( "( ""(( ""(((( 333 " """"(((( " ""(((( (((( " "(""""(((( " !! 3 !! ! 333 Apedale,p d l , ApedaleAApedalep d a le e DisuseDDisused s s d FuFurnaceurnac n ce QuQuarryuar rr r y TiTipsTiiip 0 550050 0 1,1,0001,,000,,0000 0 0 metresmemereseseetress Key to symbols Refer to separate key for SER data Supplied site boundary Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, © Crown copyright 2010, Staffordshire Wildlife Trust Licence No AL 100032203 BAP Species Data Scientific Name Common Name Informal Group Location Location Detail Grid Ref. Date Source Record Type Abundance Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Apedale Community Country Park SJ82084864 06/05/2008 Consultancy Reports Field Observation 1 Count of Adult Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Apedale Community Country Park SJ82084864 05/08/2008 Consultancy Reports Field Observation 1 Count of Adult Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Apedale Community Country Park SJ82104875 06/05/2008 Consultancy Reports Field Observation 3 Count of Adult Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Apedale Community Country Park SJ82104875 26/08/2008 Consultancy Reports Field Observation 5 Count of Adult Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Apedale Community Country Park SJ82134875 06/05/2008 Consultancy Reports Field Observation 1 Count of Adult Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Newcastle-under-Lyme 'CP' Loomer Road Speedway SJ828482 August 2003 County Recorders (CJH) Field Observation Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Newcastle-under-Lyme 'CP' Chesterton SJ832494 31/08/1994 Staffordshire BRC data Field Observation Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Newcastle-under-Lyme 'CP' garden, Lansdell Avenue, Porthill SJ8448 March 1981 - April 1981 Staffordshire BRC data Field Observation 1 Count of Adult; 5 Count of egg/ovum Bufo bufo Common Toad amphibian Newcastle-under-Lyme 'CP' garden, Lansdell Ave.
Recommended publications
  • Influence of Parasites on Fitness Parameters of the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus)
    Influence of parasites on fitness parameters of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus ) Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr. rer. nat.) Fakultät für Chemie und Biowissenschaften Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Universitätsbereich vorgelegte DISSERTATION von Miriam Pamina Pfäffle aus Heilbronn Dekan: Prof. Dr. Stefan Bräse Referent: Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Agustin Estrada-Peña Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.10.2010 For my mother and my sister – the strongest influences in my life “Nose-to-nose with a hedgehog, you get a chance to look into its eyes and glimpse a spark of truly wildlife.” (H UGH WARWICK , 2008) „Madame Michel besitzt die Eleganz des Igels: außen mit Stacheln gepanzert, eine echte Festung, aber ich ahne vage, dass sie innen auf genauso einfache Art raffiniert ist wie die Igel, diese kleinen Tiere, die nur scheinbar träge, entschieden ungesellig und schrecklich elegant sind.“ (M URIEL BARBERY , 2008) Index of contents Index of contents ABSTRACT 13 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 15 I. INTRODUCTION 17 1. Parasitism 17 2. The European hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus LINNAEUS 1758) 19 2.1 Taxonomy and distribution 19 2.2 Ecology 22 2.3 Hedgehog populations 25 2.4 Parasites of the hedgehog 27 2.4.1 Ectoparasites 27 2.4.2 Endoparasites 32 3. Study aims 39 II. MATERIALS , ANIMALS AND METHODS 41 1. The experimental hedgehog population 41 1.1 Hedgehogs 41 1.2 Ticks 43 1.3 Blood sampling 43 1.4 Blood parameters 45 1.5 Regeneration 47 1.6 Climate parameters 47 2. Hedgehog dissections 48 2.1 Hedgehog samples 48 2.2 Biometrical data 48 2.3 Organs 49 2.4 Parasites 50 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Resources Report for Staffordshire
    BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TECHNICAL REPORT WF/95/5/ Mineral Resources Series Mineral Resource Information for Development Plans Staffordshire: Resources and Constraints D E Highley and D G Cameron Contributors: D P Piper, D J Harrison and S Holloway Planning Consultant: J F Cowley Mineral & Resource Planning Associates This report accompanies the 1:100 000 scale maps: Staffordshire Mineral resources (other than sand and gravel) and Staffordshire Sand and Gravel Resources Cover Photograph Cauldon limestone quarry at Waterhouses, 1977.(Blue Circle Industries) British Geological Survey Photographs. No. L2006. This report is prepared for the Department of the Environment. (Contract PECD7/1/443) Bibliographic Reference Highley, D E, and Cameron, D G. 1995. Mineral Resource Information for Development Plans Staffordshire: Resources and Constraints. British Geological Survey Technical Report WF/95/5/ © Crown copyright Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 1995 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS British Geological Survey Offices Sales Desk at the Survey headquarters, Keyworth, Nottingham. The more popular maps and books may be purchased from BGS- Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG approved stockists and agents and over the counter at the 0115–936 3100 Fax 0115–936 3200 Bookshop, Gallery 37, Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), e-mail: sales @bgs.ac.uk www.bgs.ac.uk Cromwell Road, London. Sales desks are also located at the BGS BGS Internet Shop: London Information Office, and at Murchison House, Edinburgh. www.british-geological-survey.co.uk The London Information Office maintains a reference collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. Some BGS Murchison House, West Mains Road, books and reports may also be obtained from the Stationery Office Edinburgh EH9 3LA Publications Centre or from the Stationery Office bookshops and 0131–667 1000 Fax 0131–668 2683 agents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Worcestershire Biodiversity Action Plan
    The Worcestershire Biodiversity Action Plan Abstract Following its commitment to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity the UK began to develop a policy and strategy framework, beginning with Biodiversity Action Plans and recently with a focus on ecological networks and green infrastructure. This project contributed to Worcestershire’s Biodiversity Action Plan review process by demonstrating how green infrastructure (GI) can be identified and delivered in the Urban Habitat Action Plan. GI provides multifunctional benefits, so will help encourage biodiversity through a wide network of green spaces and corridors in urban and natural environments. It is crucial that biodiversity is conserved and sustainably managed for future generations because it provides direct and indirect services for people, such as food and climate regulation. i Worcestershire Biodiversity Action Plan 2018 H14 Urban HAP Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of Jordan
    © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mammals of Jordan Z. AMR, M. ABU BAKER & L. RIFAI Abstract: A total of 78 species of mammals belonging to seven orders (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Carni- vora, Hyracoidea, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) have been recorded from Jordan. Bats and rodents represent the highest diversity of recorded species. Notes on systematics and ecology for the re- corded species were given. Key words: Mammals, Jordan, ecology, systematics, zoogeography, arid environment. Introduction In this account we list the surviving mammals of Jordan, including some reintro- The mammalian diversity of Jordan is duced species. remarkable considering its location at the meeting point of three different faunal ele- Table 1: Summary to the mammalian taxa occurring ments; the African, Oriental and Palaearc- in Jordan tic. This diversity is a combination of these Order No. of Families No. of Species elements in addition to the occurrence of Insectivora 2 5 few endemic forms. Jordan's location result- Chiroptera 8 24 ed in a huge faunal diversity compared to Carnivora 5 16 the surrounding countries. It shelters a huge Hyracoidea >1 1 assembly of mammals of different zoogeo- Artiodactyla 2 5 graphical affinities. Most remarkably, Jordan Lagomorpha 1 1 represents biogeographic boundaries for the Rodentia 7 26 extreme distribution limit of several African Total 26 78 (e.g. Procavia capensis and Rousettus aegypti- acus) and Palaearctic mammals (e. g. Eri- Order Insectivora naceus concolor, Sciurus anomalus, Apodemus Order Insectivora contains the most mystacinus, Lutra lutra and Meles meles). primitive placental mammals. A pointed snout and a small brain case characterises Our knowledge on the diversity and members of this order.
    [Show full text]
  • West European Hedgehog Erinaceus Europaeus Species Fact Sheet
    West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Species Fact Sheet Photo Photo © Gaudete Ecology Habitat With a distinctive round body covered in spines the Woodland edges, hedgerows, gardens, parkland. Hedgehog is unmistakable and is a common visitor to gardens and parklands. B&BC Distribution and Status Hedgehogs feed largely on invertebrates including insects, worms, snails and slugs, but also take young mice, frogs and B&BC Status: Frequent occasionally eat fruit and berries. Hedgehogs are nocturnal and solitary, though their Hedgehog records in Birmingham and the Black Country territories can overlap without conflict between individuals. have a broad distribution across the conurbation though they are particularly present in the leafy suburbs. Hedgehogs construct a nest using mosses, grass, leaves and other garden debris. They can be found in areas of dense Due to their nocturnal lifestyle they are probably under- cover such as at the base of thick hedges, under thick recorded in rural fringe/woodland areas. bramble bushes, garden sheds or piles of rubbish. In Britain adults hibernate between November and March while the young hibernate slightly later between December and April. It is normal for hedgehogs to wake up several times over the winter and may often build a new nest. The hedgehog breeding season is from April to August and they typically have one litter of up to six offspring, though in favourable years they may have a second litter. A hedgehog’s life span can be as high as 10 years but the average is just three as there is a very high mortality rate among first year hedgehogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Vector-Borne Agents Detected in Fleas of the Northern White-Breasted Hedgehog
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Vector-borne agents detected in fleas of the northern white-breasted hedgehog Hornok, Sándor ; Földvári, Gábor ; Rigó, Krisztina ; Meli, Marina L ; Tóth, Mária ; Molnár, Viktor ; Gönczi, Enikő ; Farkas, Róbert ; Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina Abstract: This is the first large-scale molecular investigation of fleas from a geographically widespread and highly urbanized species, the northern white-breasted hedgehog. In this study, 759 fleas (the majority were Archaeopsylla erinacei) collected from 134 hedgehogs were molecularly analyzed individually or in pools for the presence of three groups of vector-borne pathogens. All flea samples were positive for rickettsiae: In two samples (1.5%) Rickettsia helvetica and in 10% of the others a novel rickettsia genotype were identified. Additionally, Bartonella henselae (the causative agent of cat scratch disease in humans) was demonstrated in one flea (0.7%), and hemoplasmas of the hemofelis group were identified inseven other samples (5.2%). The findings of vector-borne agents not detected before in A. erinacei fleas broaden the range of those diseases of veterinary-medical importance, of which hedgehogs may play a role in the epidemiology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2013.1387 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-91493 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Hornok, Sándor; Földvári, Gábor; Rigó, Krisztina; Meli, Marina L; Tóth, Mária; Molnár, Viktor; Gönczi, Enikő; Farkas, Róbert; Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina (2014). Vector-borne agents detected in fleas of the northern white-breasted hedgehog.
    [Show full text]
  • Atelerix Frontalis – Southern African Hedgehog
    Atelerix frontalis – Southern African Hedgehog Assessment Rationale Although this charismatic species has a wide range across the assessment region, and occurs across a variety of habitats, including rural and peri-urban gardens, there is a suspected continuing decline in the population. From 1980 to 2014, there has been an estimated 5% loss in extent of occurrence and 11–16% loss in area of occupancy (based on quarter degree grid cells) due to agricultural, industrial and urban expansion. This equates to a c. 3.6–5.3% loss in occupancy over three generations (c. 11 years). Since the 1900s, there is estimated to have been a total loss in occupancy of 40.4%. Similarly, a Jess Light recent study using species distribution modelling has projected a further decline in occupancy by 2050 due to climate change. Corroborating these data, many Regional Red List status (2016) Near Threatened anecdotal reports from landowners across the country A4cde*† suggest a decline of some sort over the past 10–20 years National Red List status (2004) Near Threatened due to predation by domestic pets, fire frequency, A3cde pesticide usage, electrocution on game fences, and ongoing illegal harvesting for the pet trade and traditional Reasons for change No change medicine trade. For example, there has been an 8% Global Red List status (2016) Least Concern decrease in reported questionnaire-based sightings frequency in a section of the North West Province since TOPS listing (NEMBA) None the 1980s. Simultaneously, from 2000 to 2013, there has CITES listing None been a rural and urban settlement expansion of 1–39% and 6–15% respectively in all provinces where the species Endemic No occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • High Prevalence and Diversity of Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase and Emergence
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/510123; this version posted January 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 High prevalence and diversity of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and emergence 2 of Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae spp in wildlife in Catalonia. 3 4 Laila Darwich1,2*, Anna Vidal1, Chiara Seminati1, Andreu Albamonte1, Alba Casado1, 5 Ferrán López1, Rafael A. Molina-López3, and Lourdes Migura-Garcia2. 6 7 1 Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 8 (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. 9 2 IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la 10 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. 11 3 Catalan Wildlife Service, Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Santa Perpètua 12 de Mogoda, Barcelona, Spain 13 14 *Corresponding author 15 E-mail: [email protected] 16 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/510123; this version posted January 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 17 Abstract 18 19 In wildlife, most of the studies focused on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) describe 20 Escherichia coli as the principal indicator of the selective pressure. In the present study, 21 new species of Enterobacteriaceae with a large panel of cephalosporin resistant (CR) 22 genes have been isolated from wildlife in Catalonia.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Records of the Long-Eared Hedgehog, Hemiechinus Auritus (Gmelin, 1770) (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae) from Fars Province, Southern Iran
    Journal of Animal Diversity (2019), 1 (2): 36–43 Online ISSN: 2676-685X Research Article DOI: 10.29252/JAD.2019.1.2.3 Additional records of the Long-eared Hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770) (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae) from Fars Province, southern Iran Ali Gholamifard1* and Bruce D. Patterson2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran 2Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605-2827, USA Corresponding author : [email protected] Abstract Iran is home to three genera and four species of hedgehogs in the family Received: 28 November 2019 Erinaceidae. One of these, Paraechinus hypomelas, is known to occur in Accepted: 20 December 2019 Fars Province. In the present study, we report two new distribution Published online: 31 December 2019 records of the Long-eared Hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus from the southwestern region of Fars Province (Varavi Mountain in Mohr and Lamerd Townships in the southern Zagros Mountains), marking a range extension for this species in southern Iran. Key words: Hedgehogs, Hemiechinus auritus, Zagros Mountains, Fars Province, Iran Introduction Knowledge concerning the mammal fauna of Iran continues to grow. It was thought to include 191 species belonging to 93 genera and 10 orders (Karami et al., 2008), but has subsequently grown to 194 species (Ziaie, 2008), and 199 species (Karami et al., 2016), respectively. The small order of Erinaceomorpha Gregory has 10 genera and 26 species distributed in Africa, Asia and Europe (Karami et al., 2016; Best, 2019). In Iran, the order Erinaceomorpha is represented by four species belonging to three genera in one family (Erinaceidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Area Regeneration Framework
    Knutton, Cross Heath, Silverdale and Chesterton Area Regeneration Framework RENEW North Staffordshire March 2008 Knutton, Cross Heath, Silverdale and Chesterton Area Regeneration Framework i Contents 1. Introduction..................................................................... 1 2. Understanding the ARF Area ................................................ 4 3. Vision and Objectives for the ARF ........................................ 16 4. ARF Strategy and Proposals................................................. 21 5. Delivering Local Benefit ..................................................... 33 6. Delivery Strategy ............................................................. 41 Appendices ........................................................................ 49 Appendix 1 - Standard Construction Skills Formula....................... 50 Figures 1 Context Plan 2 ARF Boundary Land Use Plan 3 Built Environment Assessment 4 Silverdale Photosheet 5 Knutton and Cross Heath Photosheet 6 Chesterton Photosheet 7 Regeneration Activity 8 Vision Diagram – ‘Three Dales Corridor’ 9 Spatial Framework Building Design Partnership with King Sturge, JMP Consultants and FSquared RENEW North Staffordshire March 2008 Knutton, Cross Heath, Silverdale and Chesterton Area Regeneration Framework 1 1. Introduction Background to RENEW - a spatial framework and strategy RENEW North Staffordshire is one of nine Housing Market Renewal Pathfinders A significant amount of investment is already being made within the Knutton, Knutton, Cross Heath, Silverdale
    [Show full text]
  • Outline Habitat Suitability Index for the European Hedgehog – Provisional Model
    Outline Habitat Suitability Index for the European Hedgehog – provisional model Mark C Smith Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Developing a model ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Designing the Model ................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Model Objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Creating the model............................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Uses and Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 4 3. The Habitat Suitability Model for the European Hedgehog ....................................................................... 4 3.1 Information ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Annual Monitoring Report
    Newcastle-under-Lyme Local Development Framework Annual Monitoring Report December 2009 Newcastle-under-Lyme Annual Monitoring Report 2008/09 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – 2008/09 ........................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6 2. The monitoring framework................................................................................... 7 3. Local Development Implementation.................................................................... 8 4. The key characteristics of the Borough of ....................................................... 11 5. Policy monitoring................................................................................................ 19 5.1 Sustainability ................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Housing ........................................................................................................... 26 5.3 Employment .................................................................................................... 32 5.4 Town centres................................................................................................... 36 5.5 Community facilities ........................................................................................ 38 5.6 Natural environment........................................................................................ 39 5.7 Historical environment....................................................................................
    [Show full text]