The Iron Curtain Over America
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The Shameful Years; Thirty Years of Soviet Espionage in the United States
tWpQopgpQQca KBgaaaaeesfift '*>.••• v .-... .,'•-•.. !>' -.: : ',••'".. i : '."'.,•..•./. '•;•"..•.. ^ >> - : .• . I __ r^ * Given By ' t ' ^ \ M ry/ Union Calendar No. 398 8 2d Congress, 2d Session House Report No. 1229 THE SHAMEFUL YEARS THIRTY YEARS OF SOVIET ESPIONAGE IN THE UNITED STATES DECEMBER 30, 1951 (Date of original release) JANUARY 8, 1952.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed. Prepared and released by the COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES, U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON, e/.C. UNITED STATES <* GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE nr S WASHINGTON : 1952 * \ 22?J f /f/5P. ' AfVvi^~* COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES United States House of Representatives JOHN S. WOOD, Georgia, Chairman FRANCIS E. WALTER, Pennsylvania HAROLD H. VELDE, Illinois MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri BERNARD W. KEARNEY, New York CLYDE DOYLE, California DONALD L. JACKSON, California JAMES B. FRAZIER, Jr., Tennessee CHARLES E. POTTER, Michigan Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Counsel Lodis J. Russell, Senior Investigator . John W. Carrington, Clerk of Committee Raphael I. Nixon, Director of Research II CONTENTS Page Foreword 1 Introduction 3 Soviet espionage activities in the United States between World War I and World War II: Ludwig Martens 5 Amtorg Trading Corp 5 Nicholas Dozenberg 7 Albert Feierabend 11 Moische Stern 11 Corp. Robert Osman 12 Valentine Gregory Burtan 13 Gaik Badalovich Ovakimian 13 Mikhail Nikolaevich Gorin 19 The Far Eastern Fur Trading Co 20 Soviet espionage in the United States During World War II 22 Soviet Government Purchasing Commission 22 The Canadian spy case 24 Ignacy Witczak 25 Vassili M. Zubilin 28 Steve Nelson 29 The Nelson-Zubilin meeting : 30 • Nelson-Weinberg 31 Arthur Alexandre vich Adams 32 . -
46 ROSENBERG GRAND JURY WITNESSES (Testimony to Be
46 ROSENBERG GRAND JURY WITNESSES (testimony to be released September 11, 2008) Government is not releasing testimony of William Danziger, Max Elichter, and David Greenglass The descriptions provided below are based on available evidence. Additional details will be added after the transcripts are reviewed. 1. Ruth Alscher Ruth Alscher was Max Elitcher’s sister‐in‐law. She was married to his brother, Morris Alscher. In interviews with the FBI, Max and Helene Elitcher said that Ruth Alscher attended a party in 1944 in New York with them that was attended by three individuals who the Bureau suspected were Soviet agents: Julius Rosenberg, Joel Barr and William Perl. She also attended parties at a Greenwich Village apartment that Barr and another Soviet agent, Alfred Sarant, shared. Ruth Alscher was a friend of Bernice Levin; Levin was identified as a Soviet agent by Elizabeth Bentley. Assistant U.S. Attorney John W. Foley confidentially told the FBI in 1951 that Ruth Alscher had asserted privileges under the Fifth Amendment when called to testify to the Rosenberg grand jury. At the time of the Rosenberg/Sobell trial, Morris Alscher had died, leaving Ruth Alscher with three small children. 2. Herman Bauch [no reference] 3. Soloman H. Bauch Lawyer for Pitt Machine Products; where Julius Rosenberg worked. On June 6, 1950, Julius authorized Bauch to empower Bernie Greenglass to sign company checks, telling him that the Rosenbergs were contemplating a trip. 4. Harry Belock One of Morton Sobell’s superior at Reeves Electronics in June 1950 when Sobell fled to Mexico. 5. Dr. George Bernhardt Bernhardt testified at the Rosenbergs trial regarding plans of the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell to secure travel documents and flee the country, possibly to Russia. -
Venona Special Studies
- 1 - Venona Project Special Studies Transcribed by Students of the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies Arranged by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, 2010 COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 2 UNIDENTIFIED COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 86 COVER NAMES IN SAN FRANCISCO TRAFFIC p. 92 COVER NAMES IN WASHINGTON TRAFFIC p. 123 ADDITIONAL COVERNAMES AND RELATED INFORMATION IN DIPLOMATIC TRAFFIC p. 127 REVISED TRANSLATION OF MESSAGE ON ANTENNA-LIBERAL'S WIFE ETHEL p. 135 THE COVERNAMES "ANTENNA" AND "LIBERAL" IN . MESSAGES p. 139 ESSAGES IN . INVOLVING THE COVERNAME"ENORMOZ" AND THE NAMES OF NUCLEAR PHYSICISTS, ETC. p. 147 UNDATED REPORT OF MEREDITH GARDNER p. 155 DEVELOPMENT OF THE “G--“HOMER” [“GOMER”] CASE p. 158 THE KOMAR (KRAVCHENKO) AFFAIR IN . MESSAGES p. 161 REVISED TRANSLATION OF TWO . MESSAGES ON CHANGES IN COVERNAMES p. 170 THE COVERNAME "KARAS" IN. TRAFFIC p. 178 THE COVERNAMES "TÉNOR", "BAS", AND "CHETÁ" (? IN . TRAFFIC p. 181 - 2 - Special Study Cover Names in New York Traffic - 3 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ 19 N.Y. to M. 812 29053 JKI 06 T1022 1B-1910 0027A ABRAM N.Y. to M. 992 24063 JKR 14 T872√ 1B-7518 0005A JACK SOBLE 1086 06073 JKV 48 T873√ 2A-0011 1957 29113 NNNNNN T939√ 625 04054 JHD 48 T916√ 851 15064 JIJ 40 T10.1√ 1146 10084 JHM 41 T123√ 1251 02094 JHN 12 T301√ (to ChEKh) 0005B 1353 23094 JHO 42 T289√ 1449 12104 JIL 37 T106√ 1754 14124 JHZ 49 T6√ 48 11015 JHV 37 (NSA)T1941 AVGUR 2A-0013 1638 (AUGUR) N.Y. -
H-Diplo Article Roundtable Review, Vol. X, No. 24
2009 h-diplo H-Diplo Article Roundtable Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse Roundtable Web Editor: George Fujii Review Introduction by Thomas Maddux www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables Reviewers: Bruce Craig, Ronald Radosh, Katherine A.S. Volume X, No. 24 (2009) Sibley, G. Edward White 17 July 2009 Response by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr Journal of Cold War Studies 11.3 (Summer 2009) Special Issue: Soviet Espoinage in the United States during the Stalin Era (with articles by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr; Eduard Mark; Gregg Herken; Steven T. Usdin; Max Holland; and John F. Fox, Jr.) http://www.mitpressjournals.org/toc/jcws/11/3 Stable URL: http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-X-24.pdf Contents Introduction by Thomas Maddux, California State University, Northridge.............................. 2 Review by Bruce Craig, University of Prince Edward Island ..................................................... 8 Review by Ronald Radosh, Emeritus, City University of New York ........................................ 16 Review by Katherine A.S. Sibley, St. Josephs University ......................................................... 18 Review by G. Edward White, University of Virginia School of Law ........................................ 23 Author’s Response by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, and Harvey Klehr, Emory University ................................................................................................................................ 27 Copyright © 2009 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at [email protected]. H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews, Vol. -
Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
Russia • Military / Security Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 5 PRINGLE At its peak, the KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) was the largest HISTORICAL secret police and espionage organization in the world. It became so influential DICTIONARY OF in Soviet politics that several of its directors moved on to become premiers of the Soviet Union. In fact, Russian president Vladimir V. Putin is a former head of the KGB. The GRU (Glavnoe Razvedvitelnoe Upravleniye) is the principal intelligence unit of the Russian armed forces, having been established in 1920 by Leon Trotsky during the Russian civil war. It was the first subordinate to the KGB, and although the KGB broke up with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the GRU remains intact, cohesive, highly efficient, and with far greater resources than its civilian counterparts. & The KGB and GRU are just two of the many Russian and Soviet intelli- gence agencies covered in Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence. Through a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology, an introductory HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries, a clear picture of this subject is presented. Entries also cover Russian and Soviet leaders, leading intelligence and security officers, the Lenin and Stalin purges, the gulag, and noted espionage cases. INTELLIGENCE Robert W. Pringle is a former foreign service officer and intelligence analyst RUSSIAN with a lifelong interest in Russian security. He has served as a diplomat and intelligence professional in Africa, the former Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. For orders and information please contact the publisher && SOVIET Scarecrow Press, Inc. -
Lewlsrpdst Depend to a Considerable Extent on Ance to the United Ar.Ab Republic" with the Soviet Bloc, Mainly Be- the CASE AGAINST DR
" , " I , . , , , " " ,- , " Page, ThreEr ,. " , Thursday, August~,~, THE ,J£WISH, POST Thursday, August II, 1962 , , THE JEWllijB PQS'l' ~ Pap Two 'Mcmtreal Dateline M;:k~t. Mr. Markiss' position that Vatican Version Can U.S. Justify Aid to Nasser? Israel's trade possibilities with a Rome (JCNS) _ "Dr. Haim Vardi Washington (JTA) - Seeking to UAR has substantial development of the Jewish Chronicle '\'-, From the Desk country like Canada, surely must justify increased American assist- and cUlTent payment!! resources I", My has never had any contact with I lEWlsRPDST depend to a considerable extent on ance to the United Ar.ab Republic" with the Soviet bloc, mainly be- THE CASE AGAINST DR. SOBLEN two factors', heardCardinal his Bea'sname forSecretariat. the first timeWe Assistant Secretary of State Fred-! cause the bloc provides the market would be concerned with "Trotskyite groups." The Oldest Anglo-Jewish Week~iI in Westem Canada View ,1. The ability of Israel to pro- h erick G. Dutton said this week that I for 'large quantities of the UAR's ! By ,RlCflARD YAFFEE (Issued wE:ekly in the interests of J e~i.sh JJoP1munit~ aet~vities w en reading the newspapers .. His I : Dr. Soblen's attorney tried again and' again in .Winnipeg and Western Canada) By CHARLES i.LAZARU;; duce mercluindise competitively, "aid to the UAR in fiscal year 1962, principal export commodity"coUon, ' both. in terms of price mid quality., so-called appointment to follow the was about $5,50 per capita and to which cannot be sold in the free Much, has been written, and said, in recent to learn from Soble in what specific acts of espion Member of tlie Jewish Telegraphic Agency Ecumenical Council conference oc- It is unfortunate' that our con 2. -
Untitled, Undated Document, Rtskhldni, 533-6-317
McKnight provides a superbly documented analysis of how the Communist International organized its clandestine activities and the guidelines for underground and covert political work that it laid out for Communist parties around the world. He provides as well case studies of Comintern conspiratorial activities and demonstrates how this covert work later overlapped with and contributed to Soviet foreign espionage undertakings. Students of both the Comintern and the various national Communist parties will have need of this book. John Earl Haynes, author of The Secret World of American Communism and Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America From the 1930s to the 1950s a significant number of left-wing men and women in the United States, Britain, Europe, Australia and Canada were recruited to the Soviet intelligence services. These people were amateurs rather than professional intelligence workers, and the reasons for their success is intriguing and has never been satisfactorily explained. Using recently released Soviet archives, this book seeks to explore the foundations for these successes in the deliberately concealed tradition of underground political activity which was part of the communist movement. This tradition, which became extremely useful to Soviet intelligence, also explains the origins of the 'tradecraft' of espionage. The book seeks to contribute to the study of the causes of the early Cold War, by explaining how this underground tradition led to espionage. This book shows that while allegations of disloyalty during the Cold War were often part of a witchhunt, the Left and their liberal allies sometimes unwittingly had a number of skeletons in their own closet. David McKnight has studied and written about espionage and politics for over 15 years. -
Cambridge Five Spy Ring Part 26 of 42
c. t t Collohun __ / ' I 0J7e2:ooc1Z Co rod - E vans _.______ i '1 Gole Rosen ' 1 I / SUii1Vqn : V Tovel ' Trotter __...,______ Tele Room Holmes _ Gundy 7 W? *1-" '--" -""' "'7 -*~- - - _ l Was I§r|hsh I Frogman Betrayed? I LONDON,Sept. UPI!--The 7 Express Daily .reported ~ tmsy that Ex-Comdr. L£on':.'="t*C.'moo,the irogmanwho dis- appeared in Portsmouth Harbor in 1956, was betrayed by a Soviet "master spy" who had worked his way into an im- plortant Britishgovernment agencyand isstill workingl t ere. 1 Officials declinedcomment the on report. , , . torThe the beliet Express that acited spyS. in Britain U. intelligence warnedofficials theRussians asthesource that _ 'J Comdr. Crabb would be prospecting around underwater try- I ing to get information about equipment carried by the So~ ' ' viet Cruiser Svercllov, then in Portsmouth. 92 The spywins linkedwith theBritish trioor DonaldMac-_ - O / L-cart, Ha.re1..'t='ht1_!.;;,1_enc.92the lateGuy Burgess,who edto * / Russiagovernment. as ailté'fWoT'l¬ingwhile spiesby employed British - the 92 , - ; Comdr. Crabb disappeared on April 19, 1956. A headless, / hanciless body in a irogman suit, found a year later on a beach near Portsmouth, was officially identied as his, but there have been repeated rumors that it was not. J. Bernard"'Hutton,a newsman from RedCzechoslovakia, ' wrotea book. published in 1960, in which he said Comdr: - Crabb was taken prisoner by the Russians and was at that time traini Irogmen Ior them somewherebehind ttgg1;-on I uiin.C i Thu Washington Pout and 1...? Times Herald The Wqshinqton Daily News __..._... -
Scopeofsovietact2730unit.Pdf
POSITORT SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES JUNE 12 AND 14, 1956 PART 27 (With Sketch of the Career of J. Peters) Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 72723 WASHINGTON : 1956 vsoTieo Boston Public Library Superintendent of Document* JAN 2 8 1957- COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman ESTDS KEFAUVER, Tennessee ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina WILLIAM LANGER, North Dakota THOMAS C. HENNINGS, Jr., Missouri WILLIAM E. JENNER, Indiana JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ARTHUR V. WATKINS, Utah PRICE DANIEL, Texas EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY, Wyoming HERMAN WELKER, Idaho MATTHEW M. NEELY, West Virginia JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, Maryland Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina WILLIAM E. JENNER, Indiana JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ARTHUR V. WATKINS, Utah THOMAS C. HENNINGS, Jr., Missouri HERMAN WELKER, Idaho PRICE DANIEL, Texas JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, Maryland Robert Morris, Chief Counsel William A. Rosher, Administrative Counsel Benjamin Mandel, Director of Research n CONTENTS Witnesses : Page Dodd, Bella V 1467 Munsell, Alexander E. O 1463 APPENDIX The career of J. Peters 1483 in SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 1956 United States Senate, Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, Washington, D. -
Mrs. Smnwr Stated That When She First Met ALFRED SARANT
» *3i i -z » e A 1 i2-5 Z: 3 s.~.§ ,..5 ? »z ll?§~¬f3j_¬P24}Ljgwcl 57/ F42 L1FIT» <+z:u/1 Q »=-#37; A 4/ . ... W. M i gt? &%,1@§:>;:> ;1_ _ _ r * M,§ ., -4 5 @,;,¢/7 F7 " .,, SW'3 43 2% J:11: -,-> >4,;;1 1? =%-?'§i Z $- ;/M3 ~> ha.-1: ~¢ JQ<» = 4&3 $1! =3 -_ I ' ' ' """' " _"__ """ m :-- * , _ 0 d & nu»: DESGRIPHON % % W L % BUREAU nu-: é a ~ " 1. ';._»-.w|?:,,;__§<;- >3 3 ' i ¬92 1 1 -3. 92 _ , _ SUBJECT 3153513 Snln LFILENO. 9141 A 5 ' . ' Z SECTION .No._M_5___i_i% SERlALS l FHE BEST ¬OP§ES OBTAABLE A ENQEAIDE EN TE PRQUUHN QF THE FILE, PAGES ENCLUDEE THAE A BEAT, ELEGHT OR WEERESE E§M¬U§IE "E A A '§HE SURE 65' "E3 ¬0N§'H®N AND GR QUL QE TE SGENALS POE ESE A "ER E§'E" ¬?EES AVAELALEB A Q I _.A_: Tm ;,*V?M z ___I K_ __U___92WL__v _ IV Cm Q __ ___ _1:_ >___:"_" I tn,32ix._ C__S Uiw_,___3?J;h¥Wl¬4__'___:__w_m__W I __uwm¥W__ _! 1,Jug___.M M E I__ '_:. I _I__"';'{r__;v:_ ___ h_:_EuH "AA"i"vht92p_>:'4 K"2_k_'___.____;'1_U_M__H£3':~___"____,H :92h$amm__H _ _4" _ J!_4___*___t"iq'9~_'__"1__'1? " U:yIn__'__3:1_H_____l§___W'__b.~W_',N'_ G v'":_J__w__:' __ ".~I;__4*_'_:_ kl _P'_"_92_t1¢¬92"3_" !I _:__;{_g__":t_2; _1._____U1__hm__EZ.Iv____%l"______v~__'____U__::___v__~M_F K ;{' __ _* ':__92_____1_~_Vy VQ___V ___">'lA_I H: If_¥HW__<__!___H _ 3.____§_r__ V 17'__"gu4u_VIf ii. -
Reciprocities-Essays.Pdf
RECIPROCITIES: Essays in Honour of Professor Tadeusz Rachwał NR 3234 RECIPROCITIES: Essays in Honour of Professor Tadeusz Rachwał Edited by Agnieszka Pantuchowicz Sławomir Masłoń Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ● Katowice 2014 Redaktor serii: Historia Literatur Obcych: Magdalena Wandzioch Recenzent: Zofia Kolbuszewska Photo by Bartosz Szymañski …a grateful mind By owing owes not, but still pays, at once Indebted and discharg’d;… John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book IV, ll. 55–7 Contents inTRoduction 9 Anna ‑Zajdler ‑Janiszewska Artysta w przestrzeniach przyrodoznawstwa. O wybranych praktykach Marka Diona 15 Piotr Fast O tytule eseju Watermark Josifa Brodskiego 28 Anna Węgrzyniak Więzy i więzi. Ości w Ościach Ignacego Karpowicza 38 Anna Czarnowus “Ich mot wende in mi way”: The Construction of Masculinity through Travelling in Le Pèlérinage de Charlemagne and the Stanzaic Guy of Warwick 60 Andrzej Wicher The Place of William Shakespeare’s (Lost) Cardenio in the Context of the Late Romances 74 Przemysław Uściński Borderlines/Ornaments in Eighteenth Century Classical Discourse 87 Jeremy Tambling “Living On”: On Smart, Cowper, and Blake 106 8 Contents Jacek Mydla Joanna Baillie’s Theatre of Sympathy and Imagination 129 Małgorzata Nitka Wordsworth, the Railway and “the riot of the town” 151 Katarzyna Więckowska On Uselessness 166 Mary Conde Reading “Mrs Bathurst” 177 Jacek Wiśniewski Travelling in Search of Spring: Edward Thomas’s In Pursuit of Spring as Travel Literature 184 David Malcolm Traffic with the Enemy: The Traitor in Elizabeth Bowen’s -
Diss Gradschool Submission
OUTPOST OF FREEDOM: A GERMAN-AMERICAN NETWORK’S CAMPAIGN TO BRING COLD WAR DEMOCRACY TO WEST BERLIN, 1933-72 Scott H. Krause A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Konrad H. Jarausch Christopher R. Browning Klaus W. Larres Susan Dabney Pennybacker Donald M. Reid Benjamin Waterhouse © 2015 Scott H. Krause ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Scott H. Krause: Outpost of Freedom: A German-American Network’s Campaign to bring Cold War Democracy to West Berlin, 1933-66 (under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) This study explores Berlin’s sudden transformation from the capital of Nazi Germany to bastion of democracy in the Cold War. This project has unearthed how this remarkable development resulted from a transatlantic campaign by liberal American occupation officials, and returned émigrés, or remigrés, of the Marxist Social Democratic Party (SPD). This informal network derived from members of “Neu Beginnen” in American exile. Concentrated in wartime Manhattan, their identity as German socialists remained remarkably durable despite the Nazi persecution they faced and their often-Jewish background. Through their experiences in New Deal America, these self-professed “revolutionary socialists” came to emphasize “anti- totalitarianism,” making them suspicious of Stalinism. Serving in the OSS, leftists such as Hans Hirschfeld forged friendships with American left-wing liberals. These experiences connected a wider network of remigrés and occupiers by forming an epistemic community in postwar Berlin. They recast Berlin’s ruins as “Outpost of Freedom” in the Cold War.