Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology Diversity and Contestations over Nationalism in Europe and Canada Edited by John Erik Fossum, Riva Kastoryano, and Birte Siim Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology Series Editors Carlo Ruzza Department of Sociology and Social Research University of Trento Trento, Italy Hans-Jörg Trenz Department of Media, Cognition and Communication University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected] Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology addresses contemporary themes in the field of Political Sociology. Over recent years, attention has turned increasingly to processes of Europeanization and globalization and the social and political spaces that are opened by them. These pro- cesses comprise both institutional-constitutional change and new dynam- ics of social transnationalism. Europeanization and globalization are also about changing power relations as they affect people’s lives, social net- works and forms of mobility. The Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology series addresses linkages between regulation, institution build- ing and the full range of societal repercussions at local, regional, national, European and global level, and will sharpen understanding of changing patterns of attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups, the politi- cal use of new rights and opportunities by citizens, new conflict lines and coalitions, societal interactions and networking, and shifting loyalties and solidarity within and across the European space. We welcome pro- posals from across the spectrum of Political Sociology and Political Science, on dimensions of citizenship; political attitudes and values; political communication and public spheres; states, communities, gover- nance structure and political institutions; forms of political participation; populism and the radical right; and democracy and democratization. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14630 [email protected] John Erik Fossum Riva Kastoryano • Birte Siim Editors Diversity and Contestations over Nationalism in Europe and Canada [email protected] Editors John Erik Fossum Riva Kastoryano ARENA Centre for European Studies CNRS University of Oslo Sciences Po Oslo, Norway Paris, France Birte Siim Department of Culture and Global Studies Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology ISBN 978-1-137-58986-6 ISBN 978-1-137-58987-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58987-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935943 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Ronnie Chua / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom [email protected] Preface and Acknowledgements This book has been long in coming. It is composed of a selection of the contributions that were presented at two Reconsidering Complex Diversity in the European Union and Canada (RECODE) workshops. RECODE was funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF) and ran during 2010–2014. When we started the RECODE project in 2010, the financial crisis had certainly already started to affect Europe, but we did not anticipate its depth or gravity, nor the successive confluence of crises when the refugee crisis and the Ukraine crisis struck. Consequently, there was much more optimism than today with regard to how modern societies would be able to handle difference and diversity. In retrospect, it might be fortuitous that the book has taken some time in completion, because this has allowed us to incorporate better the intentions that mar our societies at present—between the onus on opening up and fostering inclusion, on the one hand, and closing down and fostering exclusion, on the other. The book seeks to provide an overview of these competing tendencies. We are grateful to our colleagues in the RECODE project for a very stimulating intellectual milieu. Peter Kraus and Ivan Greguric have, in addition, helped us overcome various practical hurdles. We are grateful to Thomas Hylland Eriksen (University of Oslo) and Birte Siim (University of Aalborg) for having (co-)organised the two workshops that we have based the book on. We would like to thank our chapter con- tributors, without whose support and patience the book would never v [email protected] vi Preface and Acknowledgements have come about. We also wish to express our gratitude to the ESF for its financial and administrative support. We are also grateful for the support provided to us from ARENA at the University of Oslo and the University of Aalborg. We would like to extend a special thanks to Chris Engert for his excellent language editing, formatting and proofreading of the entire manuscript. Finally, we are grateful to our Palgrave editors for their sup- port and patience. Oslo, Norway John Erik Fossum Paris, France Riva Kastoryano Aalborg, Denmark Birte Siim [email protected] Contents 1 Introduction: Negotiating Territoriality and Nationalism 1 John Erik Fossum, Riva Kastoryano, and Birte Siim Part I TheTransnational Challenge 25 2 Theorising About and Beyond Transnational Processes 31 Nina Glick Schiller 3 Transnational Politics of Integration and an “Imagined Global Diaspora” 63 Riva Kastoryano 4 Transnationalism and Interculturalism: Overlapping Affinities 89 Ricard Zapata-Barrero 5 Political Engagement Among Young Adults with Minority Backgrounds: Between Identity and Interest 123 Mette Andersson and Jon Rogstad vii [email protected] viii Contents Part II The European Union and Canada as Vanguards? 149 6 Can We (Still) Think About the European Union and Canada as “Cosmopolitan Vanguards”? 155 John Erik Fossum 7 Negotiating Equality and Diversity: Transnational Challenges to European Citizenship 187 Monika Mokre and Birte Siim 8 Wither the Canadian Model? Evaluating the New Canadian Nationalism (2006–2015) 211 Patti Tamara Lenard 9 Recognition, Re-distribution and Solidarity: The Case of Multicultural Canada 237 Yasmeen Abu-Laban Part III Contestations over Nationalism 263 10 Lessons Learned or a Missed Opportunity? Norway After the 22 July Terrorist Attack 269 Thomas yllandH Eriksen 11 The New ationalismN and its Relationship to Islam 285 Sindre Bangstad 12 The New Front National: Still a Master Case? 313 Hans-Georg Betz [email protected] Contents ix 13 “Needed but Undeserving”: Contestations of Entitlement in the Danish Policy Framework on Migration and Integration 337 Martin Bak Jørgensen and Trine Lund Thomsen 14 Cultural Recognition and Democratic Participation: Immigrant Organisations in Oslo 365 Marianne Takle 15 Conclusion: Contestations Within, Rather Than About, Nationalism 395 John Erik Fossum, Riva Kastoryano, and Birte Siim Index 413 [email protected] Notes on Contributors Yasmeen Abu-Laban is Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Alberta in Canada. Her research interests centre on Canadian and comparative politics. Her published research examines: ethnic and gender poli- tics; nationalism, globalisation and processes of racialisation; immigration poli- cies and politics; surveillance and border control; multiculturalism and anti-racism, human rights and citizenship theory. Among her book publica- tions, she is editor of Gendering the Nation-State: Canadian and Comparative Perspectives (UBC Press, 2008) and the co-author of Selling Diversity: Immigration, Multiculturalism, Employment Equity and Globalization, with Christina Gabriel (University of Toronto Press, 2008). Mette Andersson is Professor of Sociology at the University of Oslo. Her inter- ests are within cultural and political sociology focusing on themes such as migra- tion, ethnicity, identities, social and political mobilisation and research communication in public spheres. Her recent publications include: “Race: A Contested and Travelling Concept, in Peter Sohlberg and Häkon Leiulfsrud (eds), Concepts in Action: Conceptual