DOCSLIB.ORG

Carex Breviculmis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Carex Breviculmis Weed Risk Assessment for Carex United States breviculmis R. Br. (Cyperaceae) – Department of Agriculture Short-stem sedge Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service May 14, 2012 Version 1 Photograph by Charles Bryson (USDA-ARS). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Carex breviculmis Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA) —specifically, the PPQ WRA model1—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because our WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or any area within it. We use a climate matching tool in our WRAs to evaluate those areas of the United States that are suitable for the establishment of the plant. We also use a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the consequences of uncertainty on the outcome of the risk assessment. For more information on the PPQ WRA process, please refer to the document, Introduction to the PPQ Weed Risk Assessment Process, which is available upon request. Carex breviculmis R. Br. - Short-stem sedge Species Family: Cyperaceae Information Initiation: On March 2, 2010, Charles Bryson with the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), alerted Al Tasker (PPQ National Weeds Program Coordinator) about the weed Carex breviculmis (Bryson, 2010). This species was detected for the first time in the United States in Mississippi (Majure and Bryson, 2008). Dr. Tasker asked the Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory to evaluate this weed. Foreign distribution: Carex breviculmis is native to Australia, New Zealand, and a wide range of countries in southern and eastern Asia (China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam) (GBIF, 2011; Majure and Bryson, 2008; Ohwi, 1984). It may also be naturalized in Sweden, Finland, and Norway (GBIF, 2011). U.S. distribution and status: Carex breviculmis is naturalized in eight sites in two counties in Mississippi (Bryson, 2010; Majure and Bryson, 2008). Two of the sites are cemeteries: one is the burial site for Romani royalty, and the other is managed by the same company that manages the first cemetery. A third site is near a railroad where migrant people and Romani sometimes camp (Bryson, 2010). We do not know of any management that is being taken against this species. WRA area: Entire United States, including territories 1 Koop, A., L. Fowler, L. Newton, and B. Caton. 2012. Development and validation of a weed screening tool for the United States. Biological Invasions 14(2):273-294. DOI:10.1007/s10530-011-0061-4 Ver 1. (Original) May 14, 2012 2 Weed Risk Assessment for Carex breviculmis 1. Carex breviculmis analysis Establishment/Spread Carex breviculmis is a sedge that reproduces sexually through seed production and Potential asexually through vegetative reproduction from rhizomes (Huh et al., 2000). Carex breviculmis seeds likely form a persistent seed bank in the soil (Wearne and Morgan, 2006). We found no direct evidence that seeds of C. breviculmis are adapted for long-distance dispersal, but evidence about its establishment in the United States suggests that people may unintentionally disperse it (Majure and Bryson, 2008). Carex breviculmis has a wide native distribution (Bryson, 2010; Ohwi, 1984), suggesting that it can establish in a variety of climates and habitats. Surprisingly, however, we only found evidence for naturalization in Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the United States (GBIF, 2011; Majure and Bryson, 2008). Somewhat limited information on this species resulted in an above average amount of uncertainty for this risk element. Risk score = 5 Uncertainty index= 0.27 Impact Potential In its native range, C. breviculmis is considered a weed of natural, production, and disturbed systems, but we found no evidence of specific impacts. In southeast Asia, C. breviculmis is listed as a weed in rice (Moody, 1989). In New Zealand, it is a weed in modified grasslands, and in urban areas it is a persistent weed in pavement cracks (Landcare Research, 2011). Beyond those statements, we found no other information about its damage potential. Accordingly, this element had an average amount of uncertainty. Risk score = 1.5 Uncertainty index = 0.21 Geographic Potential We estimate that about 58 percent of the United States is suitable for the establishment of C. breviculmis (Fig. 1). We based that on the species’ known distribution elsewhere in the world and includes point-referenced localities and areas of occurrence obtained primarily from GBIF (2011). The map for C. breviculmis represents the joint distribution of USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 5-10, areas with 10-100 inches of annual precipitation, and the following Köppen-Geiger climate classes: steppe, humid subtropical, humid continental warm summers, humid continental cool summers, and marine west coast. Entry Potential Because C. breviculmis is naturalized in the United States (Bryson, 2010; Majure and Bryson, 2008), we did not need to assess its entry potential. Ver 1. (Original) May 14, 2012 3 Weed Risk Assessment for Carex breviculmis Figure 1. Predicted distribution of Carex breviculmis in the United States. Map insets for Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico are not to scale. 2. Results and Conclusion Model Probabilities: P(Major Invader) = 11.4% P(Minor Invader) = 69.5% P(Non-Invader) = 19.1% Risk Result = Evaluate Further Secondary Screening = Evaluate Further Figure 2. Carex breviculmis risk score (black box) relative to the risk scores of species used to develop and validate the WRA model (other symbols). See Appendix A for the complete assessment. Ver 1. (Original) May 14, 2012 4 Weed Risk Assessment for Carex breviculmis Figure 3. Monte Carlo simulation results (N=5000) for uncertainty around Carex breviculmis’s risk scoresa. a The blue “+” symbol represents the medians of the simulated outcomes. The smallest box contains 50 percent of the outcomes, the second 95 percent, and the largest 99 percent. 3. Discussion The result of the weed risk assessment for C. breviculmis is Evaluate Further. Relative to the other 204 species used to develop our predictive model, this species has a set of traits associated with minor-invaders (Fig. 2). Our model indicates it has a 70 percent chance of being a minor-invader, with the remaining 30 percent split equally between the non-invader and major-invader categories. Because of the amount of uncertainty associated with this assessment, additional information could shift its risk score closer to the High Risk region (Fig. 3). In Mississippi, the investigators who discovered C. breviculmis noted that it is morphologically variable, even within populations (Majure and Bryson, 2008). In particular, in sunny mowed lawns, the culms tended to fall over and lay flat on the ground (Majure and Bryson, 2008). This behavior may help C. breviculmis escape regular damage caused by mowing, and thereby contribute to its weed potential in lawns. Currently, C. breviculmis is known from only eight sites in two counties in Mississippi (Bryson, 2010; Majure and Bryson, 2008). Because it is not cultivated or available for resale, management efforts to contain or eradicate this species may be more successful than a scenario where the species is cultivated in the United States. 4. Literature Cited 7 CFR § 360. 2011. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Part 360, (7 CFR §360 - Noxious Weed Regulations). United States Government. 7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610. 1939. The Federal Seed Act, Title 7 United States Code § 1581-1610. 7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786. 2000. Plant Protection Act, Title 7 United States Code § 7701-7786. Backyard Gardener. 2011. Plant Finder [online database]. BackyardGardener.com. Ver 1. (Original) May 14, 2012 5 Weed Risk Assessment for Carex breviculmis http://www.backyardgardener.com. (Archived at PERAL). Bryson, C. 2010. Regulatory status of nutsedges. Personal communication to A. Tasker on March 2, 2010, from Charles Bryson, research botanist with USDA-ARS. GBIF. 2011. GBIF, Online Database. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm. (Archived at PERAL). Heap, I. 2011. The international survey of herbicide resistant weeds. Weed Science Society of America. www.weedscience.com. (Archived at PERAL). Heide-Jorgensen, H. S. 2008. Parasitic Flowering Plants. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 438 pp. Hoffmann, A. A., J. S. Camac, R. J. Williams, W. Papst, F. C. Jarrad, and C. Wahren. 2010. Phenological changes in six Australian subalpine plants in response to experimental warming and year-to-year variation. Journal of Ecology 98(4):927-937. Holm, L. G., J. V. Pancho, J. P. Herberger, and D. L. Plucknett. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, U.S.A. 391 pp. Huh, M. K., H. Y. Lee, S. N. Mishra, and H. W. Huh. 2000. Genetic variation and population structure of Carex breviculmis (Cyperaceae) in Korea. Journal of Plant Biology 43(3):136-142. Landcare Research. 2011. Flora of New Zealand database. Landcare Research. http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Index.aspx. (Archived at PERAL). Majure, L. C., and C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Impacts of Asiatic Sand Sedge on Native Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Barrier Dune
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 2011 IMPACTS OF ASIATIC SAND SEDGE ON NATIVE PLANTS AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN A BARRIER DUNE William Johnson University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Johnson, William, "IMPACTS OF ASIATIC SAND SEDGE ON NATIVE PLANTS AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN A BARRIER DUNE" (2011). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 104. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/104 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMPACTS OF ASIATIC SAND SEDGE ON NATIVE PLANTS AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN A BARRIER DUNE BY WILLIAM JOHNSON A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2011 MASTER OF SCIENCE THESIS OF WILLIAM JOHNSON APPROVED: Thesis Committee: Major Professor_____Richard E. Koske______________ _____ Keith T. Killingbeck ___________ _____Laura A. Meyerson ____________ _____Nasser H. Zawia_______________ DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2011 ABSTRACT The recent expansion of the nonnative invasive Asiatic sand sedge (Carex kobomugi Ohwi) at East Beach State Park, Rhode Island, is reducing populations of the most important native, dune-building species and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In contrast to the native American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata Fern.) that is dependent upon AMF to thrive in nutrient- poor sand dunes, C.
    [Show full text]
  • NJ Native Plants - USDA
    NJ Native Plants - USDA Scientific Name Common Name N/I Family Category National Wetland Indicator Status Thermopsis villosa Aaron's rod N Fabaceae Dicot Rubus depavitus Aberdeen dewberry N Rosaceae Dicot Artemisia absinthium absinthium I Asteraceae Dicot Aplectrum hyemale Adam and Eve N Orchidaceae Monocot FAC-, FACW Yucca filamentosa Adam's needle N Agavaceae Monocot Gentianella quinquefolia agueweed N Gentianaceae Dicot FAC, FACW- Rhamnus alnifolia alderleaf buckthorn N Rhamnaceae Dicot FACU, OBL Medicago sativa alfalfa I Fabaceae Dicot Ranunculus cymbalaria alkali buttercup N Ranunculaceae Dicot OBL Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry N Rosaceae Dicot UPL, FACW Hieracium paniculatum Allegheny hawkweed N Asteraceae Dicot Mimulus ringens Allegheny monkeyflower N Scrophulariaceae Dicot OBL Ranunculus allegheniensis Allegheny Mountain buttercup N Ranunculaceae Dicot FACU, FAC Prunus alleghaniensis Allegheny plum N Rosaceae Dicot UPL, NI Amelanchier laevis Allegheny serviceberry N Rosaceae Dicot Hylotelephium telephioides Allegheny stonecrop N Crassulaceae Dicot Adlumia fungosa allegheny vine N Fumariaceae Dicot Centaurea transalpina alpine knapweed N Asteraceae Dicot Potamogeton alpinus alpine pondweed N Potamogetonaceae Monocot OBL Viola labradorica alpine violet N Violaceae Dicot FAC Trifolium hybridum alsike clover I Fabaceae Dicot FACU-, FAC Cornus alternifolia alternateleaf dogwood N Cornaceae Dicot Strophostyles helvola amberique-bean N Fabaceae Dicot Puccinellia americana American alkaligrass N Poaceae Monocot Heuchera americana
    [Show full text]
  • Carex of New England
    Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley A Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club About the Author: Lisa A. Standley is an environmental consultant. She obtained a B.S, and M.S. from Cornell University and Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She has published several articles on the systematics of Carex, particularly Section Phacocystis, and was the author of several section treatments in the Flora of North America. Cover Illustrations: Pictured are Carex pensylvanica and Carex intumescens. Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club Copyright © 2011 Lisa A. Standley Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to Robert Reed, who first urged me to write a user-friendly guide to Carex; to the memory of Melinda F. Denton, my mentor and inspiration; and to Tony Reznicek, for always sharing his expertise. I would like to thank all of the people who helped with this book in so many ways, particularly Karen Searcy and Robert Bertin for their careful editing; Paul Somers, Bruce Sorrie, Alice Schori, Pam Weatherbee, and others who helped search for sedges; Arthur Gilman, Melissa Dow Cullina, and Patricia Swain, who carefully read early drafts of the book; and to Emily Wood, Karen Searcy, and Ray Angelo, who provided access to the herbaria at Harvard University, the University of Massachusetts, and the New England Botanical Club. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an Updated Checklist
    Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e32306 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e32306 Taxonomic Paper Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist Hongfeng Wang‡§, Xueyun Dong , Yi Liu|,¶, Keping Ma | ‡ School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China § School of Food Engineering Harbin University, Harbin, China | State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ¶ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Hongfeng Wang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Daniele Cicuzza Received: 10 Dec 2018 | Accepted: 03 Mar 2019 | Published: 27 Mar 2019 Citation: Wang H, Dong X, Liu Y, Ma K (2019) Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e32306. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e32306 Abstract Background This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years. This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Conservation Alliance®S Alien Plant Working Group Asiatic Sand
    FACT SHEET: ASIATIC SAND SEDGE Asiatic Sand Sedge Carex kobomugi Ohwi Sedge family (Cyperaceae) NATIVE RANGE Coastal areas of northeastern Asia DESCRIPTION Asiatic sand sedge is a perennial adapted to coastal beaches and dunes and possibly the only Carex species found in upper beach habitat along the U.S. Atlantic Coast. The mature sedge is a coarse and stout member of the genus that forms extensive colonies through cord-like rhizomes that extend many feet under the sand and produce new shoots. Flowering and fruiting occurs April through June and individual plants have either male or female flowers. As with many other members of the genus Carex, the flowers are numerous, subtended by scales, and arranged in spikes at the end of a flowering stalk that is triangular in cross section. A papery sac or perigynium encloses the female flowers, each of which develops into a single-seeded fruit, called an achene. Because flowering culms are evident for a relatively brief period during the spring, and some colonies and Asiatic Sand Sedgenew infestations may spread extensively without flowering, it is useful to learn to recognize the plant in its sterile form. Asiatic sand sedge may be confused with at least two colonial, rhizomatous native grass species - American beach grass (Ammophila breviligulata) and beach panic grass (Panicum amarum). Leaves of Asiatic sand sedge are longer tapering than those of the above grasses, have a yellow-green rather than bluish-green cast, and small teeth along the margin that are easily felt or seen with the help of magnification. These differences become more obvious when observed in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • IPANE - Catalog of Species Search Results
    IPANE - Catalog of Species Search Results http://www.lib.uconn.edu/webapps/ipane/browsing.cfm?descriptionid=121 Home | Early Detection | IPANE Species | Data & Maps | Volunteers | About the Project | Related Information Catalog of Species Search Results Carex kobomugi (Japanese sedge :: Catalog of Species Search Asiatic sand sedge ) Common Name(s) | Full Scientific Name | Family Name Common | Family Scientific Name | Images | Synonyms | Description | Similar Species | Reproductive/Dispersal Mechanisms | Distribution | History of Introduction in New England | Habitats in New England | Threats | Early Warning Notes | Management Links | Documentation Needs | Additional Information | References | Data Retrieval | Maps of New England Plant Distribution COMMON NAME Japanese sedge Asiatic sand sedge FULL SCIENTIFIC NAME Carex kobomugi Ohwi. FAMILY NAME COMMON Sedge family FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME Cyperaceae IMAGES Close-up of Incursion inflorescence Habit 1 of 6 9/24/2007 3:33 PM IPANE - Catalog of Species Search Results http://www.lib.uconn.edu/webapps/ipane/browsing.cfm?descriptionid=121 Habitat/Incursion Habitat/Incursion NOMENCLATURE/SYNONYMS Synonyms: None DESCRIPTION Botanical Glossary Carex kobomugi is a perennial sedge that grows 10-30 cm (4 in.-1 ft.) in height. The plant is very stout and has an overall yellow-green color. The slightly arching leaves are very stiff and measure 3-6 mm (0.1-0.25 in.) in width. The margins of the leaves are rough to the touch, and the serration can be seen with the aid of a hand lens (10x). These leaves are often longer than the triangular stems. Carex kobomugi flowers in May to June. It is dioecious, therefore there are separate male and female plants.
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 RI Natural History Survey Reconnaissance of Napatree, K
    Ecological and Land Management Survey of Napatree Beach and Napatree Point, Westerly, Rhode Island Submitted by Kristen Puryear, Conservation Biologist Ecological Inventory, Monitoring, and Stewardship Program December 2005 P.O. Box 1858 Kingston, RI 02881 401-874-5817 www.rinhs.org Table of Contents Page Site Location……………………………………………………………………………………..……3 Directions…………………………………………………………………………………………...…3 Access/Parking……………………………………………………………………………………. .…3 Survey Dates and Observers………………………………………………………………………..…3 Property Description…………………………………………………………………………..………3 Natural Communities………………………………………………………………………….………6 Aquatic Resources…………………………………………………………………………….………8 Flora………………………………………………………………………………………...…………8 Fauna……………………………………………………………………………………..………..…12 Mammals……………………………………………………………………...………………..…12 Reptiles and Amphibians………………………………………………………...………………..12 Birds…………………………………………………………………………………..…………..13 Invertebrates………………………………………………………………………...……………16 Odonata and Asilidae………………………………………………………………...………16 Lepidoptera………………………………………………………………………………..…18 Tiger Beetles (Cicindela spp.) ……………………………………………….………………18 Non-native Marine Invertebrates…………………………………………………………………19 Soils…………………………………………………………………………………………….…....20 Abiotic Condition………………………………………………………………………………….…20 Ecological Processes…………………………………………………………………………………20 Anthropogenic Disturbances…………………………………………………………………………21 Threats……………………………………………………………………………......................……21 Invasive Species…………………………………………………………………...………………21 Dogs……………………………………………………………………………….....................…22
    [Show full text]
  • ©2016 Christopher Steven Satch ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    ©2016 Christopher Steven Satch ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Exploration of Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck) as a novel specialty crop for the Northeastern United States By Christopher Steven Satch A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Plant Biology Graduate Program in Plant Biology and Pathology Written under the direction of Dr. Mark G. Robson And approved by ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January, 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Exploration of Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck) as a novel specialty crop for the Northeastern United States By Christopher Steven Satch Thesis Director: Dr. Mark G. Robson Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus (Boeck) is a globally-distributed sedge that produces edible tubers, commonly called nuts. The tubers are prized as a delicacy in parts of Nigeria and North Africa. This plant is known by many names, but is most commonly referred to as Chufa or Tiger Nuts. Chufa has been foraged as a part of the human diet during the Paleolithic Era, and has been cultivated in Egypt and North Africa for over 6000 years. We wanted to explore the potential of this specialty crop that is high in all 20 amino acids, in vitamins C and E, and in minerals, to evaluate the potential for growing it in the Northeastern United States. We also wanted to explore the optimal conditions for production for anyone who wishes to utilize this crop. We have evaluated the effects of potassium, iron, water, and growth media on the productivity of Chufa.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Carex Subg. Vignea (Cyperaceae) Based on Non-Coding Nrdna Sequence Data
    Systematic Botany (2006), 31(1): pp. 70±82 q Copyright 2006 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny of Carex subg. Vignea (Cyperaceae) Based on Non-coding nrDNA Sequence Data BRUCE A. FORD,1,4 MAHMOOD IRANPOUR,1 ROBERT F. C. NACZI,2 JULIAN R. STARR,3 and CHERYL A. JEROME1 1Department of Botany, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; 2Claude E. Phillips Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901-2277; 3Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677 4Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Wendy B. Zomlefer ABSTRACT. Carex subg. Vignea is characterized by sessile bisexual spikes, distigmatic ¯owers, and the lack of cladopro- phylls. Phylogenies reconstructed using nrDNA internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS and ETS 1f) sequences for 100 vignean taxa support this subgenus as monophyletic. The atypical C. gibba is sister to all remaining taxa. Many clades in the remainder of the subgenus do not correspond to easily de®ned morphological groups, with species representative of several disparate sections frequently contained within a single clade. Many traditionally recognized sections are not sup- ported, although others such as sects. Ovales, Stellulatae,andGlareosae are monophyletic. Tree topologies indicate that gy- naecandry has evolved multiple times in subg. Vignea. Species of uncertain subgeneric af®nity are variously placed in our analysis. Carex fecunda, previously linked to subg. Vignea, is positioned within the outgroup composed of species traditionally placed in subg. Carex and Vigneastra. While species with highly compound in¯orescences are often regarded as ancestral in Carex, our results indicate that this in¯orescence type has evolved multiple times and is derived within subg.
    [Show full text]
  • Preserving the Legacy of Michigan's Great Lakes Islands: a Planning
    Preserving the Legacy of Michigan’s Great Lakes Islands A Planning Framework and Island Database for Invasive Species Action Submitted to: USFWS Great Lakes Coastal Program 3090 Wright Street Marquette, MI 49855 Submitted by: Michigan Natural Features Inventory Higman, P.J., H.D. Enander, D.A. Hyde, P.J. Badra, and K.M. Korroch MNFI Report Number 2019-17 Photo Credits: Cover: South Manitou and North Manitou Islands – Great Lakes Oblique Imagery - Photo by U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Inside Cover: Lakeplain prairie with phragmites invasion, Dickinson Island - Photo by Joshua G. Cohen Inset: Treating phragmites on High Island – Photo by Pamela Grassmick Recommended Citation: Higman, P.J., H.D. Enander, D.A. Hyde, P.J Badra and K.M. Korroch. 2019. Preserving the Legacy of Michigan’s Great Lakes Islands: A Planning Framework and Database for Invasive Species Action. Report to the USFWS Great Lakes Coastal Program. MNFI Report No. 2019-17. Copyright 2019 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, natural origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, or family status. Some things to know about Michigan’s Great Lakes Islands Island travelers can detach from the frantic pace of life and immerse themselves in the isolation, beauty and simpler lifestyle as if taking a step back in time. The Great Lakes contain the largest body of fresh water on Earth and boast the largest collection of freshwater islands in the world. They support a globally significant group of diverse flora, fauna, and natural communities that were able to colonize islands or persist on islands following isolation from the mainland.
    [Show full text]
  • New Invaders of the Southeast
    US Department TECHNOLOGY of Agriculture TRANSFER NEW INVADERS OF THE SOUTHEAST Karan A. Rawlins, Rachel L. Winston, Charles T. Bargeron, David J. Moorhead, and Rachel Carroll Forest Health Assessment FHTET-2017-05 and Applied Sciences Team January 2018 The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. FHTET became Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team (FHAAST) in 2016. This booklet was published by FHAAST as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ Cover photos: a. Aristolochia elegans infestation (Forest & Kim Starr, a d Starr Environmental); b. A. elegans flower (Forest & Kim Starr, Starr b c Environmental); c. Spiraea thunbergii flower Аимаина( хикари); d. S. f g thunbergii infestation (Kenpei); e. Sphagneticola trilobata infestation e h (Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental); f. S. trilobata inflorescence (Dan Clark, USDA National Park Service, bugwood.org); g. Liriope muscari flower (Denis.prévôt); h. L. muscari infestation (David J. Stang) How to cite this publication: Rawlins, K.A., R.L. Winston, C.T. Bargeron, D.J. Moorhead, and R. Carroll. 2018. New Invaders of the Southeast. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. FHTET-2017-05. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Rhode Island Wildlife Action Plan
    Rhode Island Wildlife Action Plan Appendices 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f RI WILDLIFE ACTION PLAN: APPENDICES 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f Table of Contents Appendix 1a. Rhode Island SWAP Data Sources ........................................................................................ 1 Appendix 1b. Rhode Island Species of Greatest Conservation Need ........................................................ 30 Appendix 1c. Regional Conservation Needs-Species of Greatest Conservation Need ............................. 50 Appendix 1d. List of Rare Plants in Rhode Island ...................................................................................... 62 Appendix 1e: Summary of Rhode Island Vertebrate Additions and Deletions to 2005 SGCN List ............ 74 Appendix 1f: Summary of Rhode Island Invertebrate Additions and Deletions to 2005 SGCN List ........... 77 APPENDIX 1a: RHODE ISLAND WAP DATA SOURCES Appendix 1a. Rhode Island SWAP Data Sources This appendix lists the information sources that were researched, compiled, and reviewed in order to best determine and present the status of the full array of wildlife and its conservation in Rhode Island (Element 1). A wide diversity of literature and programs was consulted and compiled through extensive research and coordination efforts. Some of these sources are referenced in the Literature Cited section of this document, and the remaining sources are provided here as a resource for users and implementing parties of this document as well as for future revisions. Sources include published and unpublished
    [Show full text]