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Notes on Land Leeches Biology in Thailand (Hirudiniformes: Haemadipsidae)

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Notes on Land Leeches Biology in Thailand (Hirudiniformes: Haemadipsidae) The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 5(2): 97-98, October 2005 ©2005 by Chulalongkorn University Short Note Notes on Land Leeches Biology in Thailand (Hirudiniformes: Haemadipsidae) THONGCHAI NGAMPRASERTWONG, KUMTHORN THIRAKHUPT AND SOMSAK PANHA* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, THAILAND The haemadipsids are terrestrial blood- morphs among H. sylvestris and H. zeylanica feeding leeches with an unusual biogeographic were identified. There is a high possibility to distribution; being found only in the Indian find some new taxa from further surveys6. Type subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, materials are now being studied by the senior Australia, Melanesia, Madagascar, and the author at the Natural History Museum, London. Seychelles but neither in Africa nor in South We have also investigated the relationship America1,2. The nature of the global distribution between observed abundances of H. zeylanica of the haemadipsids has been cause for and physical factors at Khao Yai National Park. speculation regarding their evolutionary history We found that rainfall, temperature and relative since Whitman postulated a Tertiary origin in humidity are positively correlated with Northern India where freshwater lakes were observed abundances whereas ground cover thought to have been drained by the Himalayan percentage was negatively correlated. Seasonal uplift3. These animals are well known to the change strongly effected the number and travelers all over Thailand. Leeches scare dispersion of land leeches. In the dry season, people and some private companies have been few are found and their distribution was making various repellents. However there are clumped, while in the rainy season, many of few recommended products for the forest them are found and they are widely distributed. visitors so far. There are only two papers Cocoon deposition occurred during the early reporting on two species of Thai land leeches, rainy season from May to June. one by Moore (1935)4 and one by Keegan et al., (1968)5. They are Haemadipsa sylvestris Blanchard, 1894 and H. zeylanica (Moquin- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Tandon, 1826). We have surveyed for land leeches in We would like to thank Dr. Chumpol Thailand from July 1998 to December 2000. Sukasem for the kind help throughout the study We found 5 species from 2 genera. They are in Khao Yai National Park. We also thank for Haemadipsa picta Moore, 1929, H. sylvestris Dr. Harold Voris for his kind critical reading Blanchard, 1894, H. zeylanica (Moquin- the manuscript. This research was supported by Tandon, 1826), Tritetrabdella scandens Moore, a grant from the Biodiversity Research and 1938, and T. taiwana (Oka, 1910). Two distinct Training Program in Thailand (BRT-542039). *Corresponding author: Tel & Fax: (662) 218-5273 Email: [email protected] 98 NAT. HIST. J. CHULALONGKORN UNIV. 5(2), OCTOBER 2005 LITERATURE CITED 4. Moore, J. P. 1935. Leeches from Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Bull. Raffles. Mus. 10: 67-79. 1. Moore, J. P. 1927. Arhynchobdellae. In : W. A. 5. Keegan, H. L., Toshioka, S. and Suzuki, H. Harding and J. P. Moore (eds.). The Fauna of 1968. Blood sucking Asian leeches of families th British India: Hirudinea, pp. 97-295. Taylor and Hirudidae and Hemadipsidae. 406 Med. Lab. Francis, London. Spec. Report, July 1968, US Army Medical 2. Moore, J. P. 1944. Leeches in the British Command, Japan. Museum, mostly Haemadipsinae from the south 6. Ngamprasertwong, T. 2001. Species diversity, Pacific with descriptions of new species. Ann. distribution and effects of physical factors on Mag. Nat. Hist., 11: 389-409. populations of haemadipsids land leeches in 3. Richardson, L. R. 1978. On the zoological nature Thailand. Master Thesis in Zoology, Faculty of of land-leeches in the Sechelles Islands, and a Science, Chulalongkorn University (In Thai with consequential revision of the status of the leeches English Abstract). in Madagascar (Hirudinea: Haemadipsidae). Rev. Zoo. Afr., 92: 837-866. Received: 6 September 2005 Accepted: 20 October 2005 .
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