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The European MALE RPAS / Eurodrone La Lettre newsletter Lettre de l’AAE – N° 116 – janv.-fév. 2020 La prospective européenne en matière de défense (suite) Future prospects for European defence (cont.) Photos : Satellite CSOMUSIS © CNES / MiraProductions / Rémy Parot, 2016 • Drone européen MALE AAE Newsletter – No. 116 – Jan.-Feb. 2020 RPAS © Airbus Defence & Space • A400M Chaff and Flare © Airbus Defence & Space L’espace au service Le programme de la sécurité et de Le drone d’avion de la défense en Europe européen MALE transport militaire Space systems RPAS / EuroDrone A400M supporting security The European A400M military and defence MALE RPAS / transport aircraft in Europe EuroDrone programme Meilleurs Season’s Vœux 2020 Greetings Sommaire Summary EDITO : Vie de l'Académie L'espace militaire européen Life of the Academy European military space p. 3 p. 12 SPACE : L’espace au service de la sécurité et de la défense en Europe Hommages Space systems supporting security Homages and defence in Europe p. 4 p. 14 INNOVATION : Le drone européen MALE RPAS / EuroDrone Publications The European MALE Publications RPAS / EuroDrone p. 8 p. 15 FOCUS : Le programme d’avion de transport militaire A400M Agenda AAE 2020 A400M military transport AAE Diary 2020 aircraft programme p. 10 p. 16 EDITO L’espace militaire européen : va-t-il être traité dans les autres pays pas la même chose en complétant européens ? leur compétence initiale ? La ques- entre souveraineté tion de la défense européenne est Les pays européens ont déjà réalisé importante car au moment où elle et coopération seuls ou en coopération des satel- commence à se construire, certains Season’s lites pour diverses missions de défense pays de l’UE cassent la complé- telles que : les télécommunications, mentarité existante en créant des l’observation, l’écoute et la naviga- doublons techniques et en recher- tion. Rappelons les contextes très chant une autonomie, incitant ainsi variés. Ainsi pour les télécommunica- ceux qui la respectaient à égale- Cette année, le Ministre des armées Greetings tions, plusieurs pays ont leurs propres ment entrer dans ce jeu. L’Europe du gouvernement français a annoncé satellites militaires (ou une charge devrait peut-être dresser un état des la création d’un commandement de utile propre dans des satellites civils). lieux et faire des recommandations à l’espace au sein de l’Armée de l’air, Pour l’observation, des pays se sont ses membres avant de proposer des et a demandé que l’École de l’air associés pour réaliser des satellites projets communs. forme des militaires dans le domaine de reconnaissance optique ou radar, spatial, montrant ainsi l’importance les images étant fournies suivant les Des stations au sol sont nécessaires que les autorités françaises accordent demandes au centre satellitaire euro- pour suivre les satellites mais il est dorénavant à ce sujet. L’espace mili- péen de Torrejón (EU SATCEN). Pour important de savoir lesquels survolent taire depuis le début dépendait d’une l’écoute électromagnétique, seule la le territoire européen, quand et pour autorité “interarmées”, cela compli- France possède les capacités de l’as- quoi faire. Ceci conduit à la surveil- quait l’attribution des crédits, cette surer. Enfin pour la navigation, dans le lance de l’espace (si l’on réserve ce création doit améliorer l’efficacité système européen Galileo, un service terme à la défense face à l’évalua- dans la réalisation des projets néces- a été réservé pour l’usage “gouver- tion des risques de collisions). Pour saires aux besoins. Comment ce sujet nemental”. les orbites basses et géostationnaires, seule la France est actuellement Comment la coordination va-t-elle se indépendante et peut négocier avec réaliser ultérieurement ? Ainsi l’Alle- le “space command” américain. Anne-Marie MAINGUY magne ayant développé une grande compétence radar, décide mainte- L’Union européenne se doit de jouer nant de déployer des satellites de un rôle fédérateur dans l’expression Présidente de l'AAE, ancienne reconnaissance optique. Pourquoi des besoins communs et valoriser les directrice de l'ONERA centre la France ou l’Italie ne feraient-elles complémentarités. de Lille, haute conseillère de l'ONERA tion; this creation should there- reconnaissance satellites. Why should President of AAE, former fore improve efficiency to carry out France or Italy not do likewise by director of ONERA Lille centre, the required projects. How will this enhancing their initial competency? senior adviser of ONERA matter be dealt with in the other The question of European defence is European countries? important because, at a time when it is just beginning to emerge, certain European countries have already EU countries are shattering existing produced satellites, alone or in complementarities by creating European military cooperation, for a variety of defence technical duplicates and seeking missions such as telecommunica- autonomy, thus inciting those who tions, observation, electronic intel- had been playing by the rules to space: ligence (ELINT) and navigation. Let enter this game. Europe should us recall the very different contexts. perhaps take stock of the situation between sovereignty For telecommunications, several and formulate recommendations for countries have their own military its members before proposing joint satellites (or a dedicated payload projects. and cooperation in civilian satellites). For observa- tion, countries have joined forces Ground stations are required to to produce optical or radar recon- monitor satellites: it is important naissance satellites, with images to monitor which are flying over being supplied on request by the European territory, when and for This year, the French Minister of Torrejón European Satellite Center what purpose. This leads on to space the armed forces announced the (EU SATCEN). Only France has the surveillance (if this term is reserved creation of a space command capacity to provide ELINT. Finally, for for defence in the face of collision within the French air force, and navigation, in the European Galileo risk assessment). For low-Earth and commissioned the “École de l'air” to system, a service has been reserved geostationary orbits, only France is train recruits in the field of space, a for “government” use. currently independent and able to sign of the importance now attached negotiate with American “space How will all this be coordinated command”. to this subject by the French author- in the future? Since Germany has ities. Military space from the outset developed a high level of compe- The EU must play a unifying role in was dependent on a “joint” authority, tency in the area of radar, it has expressing joint requirements and which complicated funding alloca- now decided to deploy optical promoting complementarities. AAE Newsletter – No. 116 – Jan.-Feb. 2020 3 SPACE L’espace au giques et parfois tactiques, systèmes recueil de l’information, capacité service de la de localisation et de guidage, des satellites à la relayer sans délai missions d’écoute électromagné- en tout point du globe. tique, missions d’alerte avancée, sécurité et de la surveillance de l’espace. Toutefois La première contribution des la contribution des systèmes spatiaux moyens spatiaux est de loin celle ne se limite pas au soutien aux opé- des systèmes de télécommunica- défense en Europe rations ; en effet, elle se situe aussi tion par satellite. En effet, les besoins en amont des crises, ce qui explique en capacité de télécommunications leur intérêt dans le cadre du ren- croissent d’un facteur dix tous les dix forcement de l’autonomie straté- ans du fait de la modernisation des gique énoncé dans la “Stratégie systèmes d'information et de com- Les missions de sécurité et de globale pour la politique étran- mandement et de la taille crois- défense auxquelles les systèmes gère et de sécurité” de l'Union eu- sante des bases de données aux- spatiaux apportent un support ropéenne, adoptée en juin 2016. Il quelles ils font appel. Cela explique majeur concernent surtout des ac- en résulte une très grande atten- la priorité qui leur est donnée dans quisitions ou échanges de données tion apportée à ce qui est spéci- la plupart des États européens (pro- ou information : missions de télé- fique aux moyens spatiaux, car ir- grammes Skynet au Royaume-Uni, communications et de transfert de remplaçable : capacité à observer Syracuse en France, Sicral en Italie, données, en particulier vers et à au niveau global dans la plus grande SatcomBw en Allemagne, Secomsat partir des théâtres d’opérations ex- discrétion, caractère instantané du en Espagne, etc.). De plus, les térieurs, missions de renseignement et de surveillance à des fins straté- Gérard BRACHET Ancien directeur général du CNES, ancien président de l’AAE et président de sa commission Défense Former director general of CNES, former AAE president and president of its Defence commission Pléiades Neo, une constellation de quatre satellites à usage commercial d'observation de la Terre développée par Airbus Defence and Space, dont le lancement doit s'échelonner entre 2020 et Space systems 2022. / PléiadesNeo is a constellation of four commercial Earth observation satellites developed by Airbus Defence and Space. Their launch should take place between 2020 and 2022. supporting Photo © Airbus Defence & Space purposes, tracking and guidance The number one contribution of security and systems, electronic intelligence space systems by a long way is in missions, early warning missions and the area of satellite telecommuni- space surveillance. The contribution cations. Requirements in terms of defence in of space systems is not limited to telecommunication capacity are support for operations, though: they increasing by a factor of ten every also play a vital role in the leadup ten years due to the evolution of Europe to crises, which explains their impor- information and command systems tance in the provisions for strategic and the increasing size of the data- autonomy reinforcement laid out bases they rely on. This explains the in the European Union’s “Global priority given to these systems in strategy for the foreign and security The security and defence missions most European states (Skynet in the for which space systems provide policy”, adopted in June 2016.
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