Andrei Gandila
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Dacă Pentru Cetăţile Histria Şi Capidava S-Au Putut Aniversa 90 Şi
ULMETUM 2004 – DUPĂ 90 DE ANIX Zaharia COVACEF Dacă pentru cetăţile Histria şi Capidava s-au putut aniversa 90 şi, respectiv, 80 ani de cercetări arheologice neîntrerupte, pentru Ulmetum trebuie să evidenţiem reluarea de către noi a săpăturilor după 90 de ani de la încheierea lor, subliniind în acelaşi timp alegerea de către Pârvan a acestui sit. Vasile Pârvan a dorit să deschidă un şantier într-o cetate încă necercetată1, care să servească şi drept şantier-şcoală pentru tinerii arheologi. Pentru aceasta dorea un castru de graniţă fie din Oltenia, fie din Dobrogea. În urma perieghezelor făcute două astfel de centre i se păreau potrivite scopului urmărit: castrul de la Celei – Romanaţi, situat pe malul Dunării şi cel aflat în comuna Pantelimonul de Sus (astăzi com. Pantelimon), judeţul Constanţa. Ambele situri ofereau condiţii favorabile pentru a deveni şantiere-şcoală, şi – prin ştirile antice asupra lor – ridicau probleme interesante cu privire la viaţa daco-romană. Cetatea de la Celei stătea în legătură cu organizarea rurală desemnată într-o inscripţie territorium Sucidavense, iar cea de la Pantelimonul de Sus, cu o organizare analoagă, territorium Capidavense. A fost preferată cetatea de la Pantelimonul de Sus deoarece toate instrumentele şi materialul rulant necesare cercetării se aflau la Tropaeum Traiani, deci mai uşor (şi mai ieftin) de adus aici. Astfel că, după ce în primăvara anului 1911 a ridicat planul de situaţie al cetăţii şi a făcut intervenţiile necesare la autorităţile competente pentru trecerea întregului teritoriu ocupat de ruine şi a împrejurimilor lor imediate în proprietatea Muzeului Naţional de Antichităţi din Bucureşti2 (astăzi Institutul de Arheologie al Academiei), la sfârşitul lunii august a început săpăturile. -
Vama Romană De La Capidava
VAMA ROMANĂ DE LA CAPIDAVA 1 AUTORI: Două inscripții cunoscute de mai multă vreme Cunoaștem însă alte câteva stationes atestate unui nou birou de vamă la vărsarea râului Axios în cetății, pe latura de N-V, deasupra temeliei, reutilizată menționează un birou vamal (statio portorii) și implicit expressis verbis pe cale epigrafică pentru Moesia Dunăre. În sfârșit, un birou vamal a funcționat cu ca material de construcție într-o epocă mai târzie. Ioan Carol Opriș Universitatea din București un important punct comercial la Capidava pentru sec. Inferior, în afara celei de la Capidava. Urcând pe cursul siguranță la Tyras, iar relațiile cu locuitorii cetății nu IMAGINEA 2 . Monumentul a fost ridicat cândva în ultima Alexandru Raţiu II-III p.Chr. Acest birou se afla în responsabilitatea unui Dunării, existența lor este asigurată în vecinătatea au fost dintre cele mai fericite în secolul al II-lea, parte a domniei împăratului Antoninus Pius (cca 155- Muzeul Național de Istorie conductor, iar mai apoi cea a unui procurator, pentru lagărului legionar la Durostorum și, iarăși, la Dimum, necesitând intervenția repetată a legaților provinciali 161). Personajul în cinstea căruia se ridică monumentul a României ultimii ani de domnie ai lui Antoninus Pius, respectiv Oescus, Ostrovo. Foarte probabil unul funcționa și la ai Moesiei Inferior. este unul de mare notorietate în întreaga regiune, T. din timpul sau chiar după Marcus Aurelius (ISM V 10; 12 Novae, iar în interiorul provinciei alte câteva epigrafe Iulius Saturninus. El ocupă în această vreme poziția = Capidava I, 12; 8). Ambele piese au fost descoperite pot indica birouri vamale și la Nicopolis ad Istrum, ori Prima epigrafă este un altar onorific din calcar (ISM conductor al unei părți din marele district vamal, pe de către Grigore Florescu, la începutul cercetărilor Montana IMAGINEA 1 . -
Heritage for Sale!
Heritage for sale! The role of museums in promoting metal detecting and looting in Romania Iulian Ganciu Iulian Ganciu Address: Langebrug 40, 2311TM, Leiden Email: [email protected] Mobile: +40755279259 2 Heritage for sale! The role of museums in promoting metal detecting and looting in Romania Iulian Ganciu: s1586262 Supervisor: Profesor J.C.A. Kolen and Professor I. Lilley Research Master’s Thesis Specialization: Archaeological Heritage Management in a Globalizing World Course code:ARCH 1046WTY University of Leiden, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden, 13.06.2016, Final Version 3 How can we live without our lives? How will we know it's us without our past? John Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath 4 Table of Content 1. Chapter: Introduction ....................................................................................... 9 1.1. Problem statement .................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Opinion of the author and research question ........................................................... 13 1.3. Methods of collecting data ........................................................................................ 14 1.4. Theoretical framework .............................................................................................. 15 1.5. Thesis structure ......................................................................................................... 16 2. Chapter: Analysis of crucial documents ........................................................... 18 -
Bronze Age Tell Communities in Context: an Exploration Into Culture
Bronze Age Tell Kienlin This study challenges current modelling of Bronze Age tell communities in the Carpathian Basin in terms of the evolution of functionally-differentiated, hierarchical or ‘proto-urban’ society Communities in Context under the influence of Mediterranean palatial centres. It is argued that the narrative strategies employed in mainstream theorising of the ‘Bronze Age’ in terms of inevitable social ‘progress’ sets up an artificial dichotomy with earlier Neolithic groups. The result is a reductionist vision An exploration into culture, society, of the Bronze Age past which denies continuity evident in many aspects of life and reduces our understanding of European Bronze Age communities to some weak reflection of foreign-derived and the study of social types – be they notorious Hawaiian chiefdoms or Mycenaean palatial rule. In order to justify this view, this study looks broadly in two directions: temporal and spatial. First, it is asked European prehistory – Part 1 how Late Neolithic tell sites of the Carpathian Basin compare to Bronze Age ones, and if we are entitled to assume structural difference or rather ‘progress’ between both epochs. Second, it is examined if a Mediterranean ‘centre’ in any way can contribute to our understanding of Bronze Age tell communities on the ‘periphery’. It is argued that current Neo-Diffusionism has us essentialise from much richer and diverse evidence of past social and cultural realities. Tobias L. Kienlin Instead, archaeology is called on to contribute to an understanding of the historically specific expressions of the human condition and human agency, not to reduce past lives to abstract stages on the teleological ladder of social evolution. -
Roman Defence Sites on the Danube River and Environmental Changes
Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XIII 563 Roman defence sites on the Danube River and environmental changes D. Constantinescu Faculty Material’s Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania Abstract There are many things to learn from the past regarding ancient settlements, the ancient organization of cities, the structures of the buildings and concerning the everyday life of our ancestors. There are numerous sites along the Danube River which were once included in the economic and defensive system of the Roman Empire. Many of them are not well known today or studies are in their very early stages. Sucidava is an example of a Daco-Roman historical defence site, situated on the north bank of the Danube. The ancient heritage site covers more than two hectares; comprising the Roman-Byzantine basilica of the 4th century, the oldest place of worship north of the Danube, the building containing the hypocaust dates from the late 6th century AD, Constantine the Great portal bridge, to span the Danube river, the gates linking the bridge and city, a Roman fountain dating from the 2nd century AD. This entire defensive and communication system stands as a testimony to the complexity of an historical conception. However, how was it possible that such sophisticated structures have been partially or totally destroyed? Certainly not only economic and military aspects might be a likely explanation. The present article considers the evolution of the sites from cultural ecology point of view, as well as taking into consideration environmental and climatic changes. Doubtless, the overall evolution of this site is not singular. -
Consideraţii Asupra Unor Articole De Podoabă Descoperite La Capidava
CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA UNOR ARTICOLE DE PODOABĂ DESCOPERITE LA CAPIDAVA Zaharia COVACEF Cuvinte cheie: Capidava, necropolă, cercei, inele, medalioane, camee. Keywords: Capidava, necropolis, earrings, fingerrings, medallions, cameos. Jewelry categories made of gold, silver and bronze are discussed, discovered in Capidava graveyard tombs as well as in excavations inside the fortress or coming from fortunate discoveries. The pair of earrings with pierced work discus, having a mounted green gemstone in its centre (Pl. I, Fig. 1, 1a) stands out among the pieces in this category. The other earrings are either not completely preserved (Pl. I, Fig. 2) or unpaired: the golden earring (Pl. I, Fig. 3) and the bronze earring (Pl. I, Fig. 4). The three fingerings (two of gold and one of silver – Pl. II) are interesting both from handicraft point of view and regarding their message, as in case of the silver ring with the Ioannou monogram (Pl. II, 3). Necklaces (Pl. III, Fig. 1 and detail in Fig. 1a), little chains (Pl. III, Fig. 2) and medallions (Pl. IV) are then presented. At these latter ones, a very good analogy can be noticed for the medallion with female portrait (pl. IV, Fig. 1) at a piece discovered in Durostorum, on the limes also. The larger part of the presented jewelry pieces are dated to the 3 rd cent. A.D. The ring with the red gemstone is from the 2nd cent. A.D. (Pl. II, Fig. 1); the unpaired earrings are from the 2nd – 3rd cent. A.D. (Pl. I, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and the silver ring with monogram (Pl. -
Aux Débuts De L'archéologie Moderne Roumaine: Les Fouilles D'atmageaua
Aux débuts de l’archéologie moderne roumaine: les fouilles d’Atmageaua Tătărască∗ Radu-Alexandru DRAGOMAN** Abstract: This text is an analysis of the archive resulting from the 1929-1931, 1933 and 1935 archaeological research at Atmageaua Tătărască, southern Dobrudja (today Sokol, in Bulgaria). The excavations at Atmageaua Tătărască are relevant for the history of Romanian archeology because they correspond to the time of formation and institutionalization of a scientific approach considered to be “modern” and of a research philosophy that would dominate the archaeological practice ever since. The text seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the beginnings of the discipline and also advocates for the redefinition of the current archaeological practice. Rezumat: Textul reprezintă o analiză a arhivei rezultate în urma cercetărilor arheologice din 1929-1931, 1933 şi 1935 de la Atmageaua Tătărască, sudul Dobrogei (astăzi Sokol, în Bulgaria). Săpăturile de la Atmageaua Tătărască sunt relevante pentru istoria arheologiei românești, deoarece corespund perioadei de formare şi instituţionalizare a unei demers ştiinţific considerat a fi „modern” şi a unei filosofii de cercetare ce va domina practica arheologică de atunci încolo. Textul își propune să contribuie la o mai bună înțelegere a începuturilor disciplinei și, totodată, pledează pentru redefinirea practicii arheologice din prezent. Keywords: History of archaeology, modern archaeology, “lovers of antiquities”, archive, Atmageaua Tătărască, Romania. Cuvinte-cheie: Istoria arheologiei, arheologie modernă, „pasionaţii de antichităţi”, arhivă, Atmageaua Tătărască, România. ≤ Introduction Pendant la première guerre mondiale, lorsque l’armée roumaine, qui luttait près d’Entente, avait été vaincue et une partie du pays occupée par les troupes des Empires Centraux, les archéologues Allemands ont entrepris des fouilles dans plusieurs sites préhistoriques de la Roumanie (Vl. -
FRONTIER IDENTITIES Roman Villa and Settlement Excavation and Survey
LIFE BY THE IMPERIAL ROAD - FRONTIER IDENTITIES Roman Villa and Settlement Excavation and Survey IDENTITY AND WEALTH: ROMAN PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES Rapolt, Transylvania, Romania June 7 - July 4; July 20 - August 1, 2020 During the Roman colonial occupation, southern Transylvania shows a very dynamic and intensive synthesis of Roman provincial life, where a multitude of processes of colonization and creolization take place side by side. Prior to the Roman conquest of 102AD, it was also the most densely populated region of the Dacian Kingdoms. Our project seeks to explore the integration of all the structural provincial elements present along the main Roman axes of communication and transport. Our research area is in the immediate proximity of both the imperial road and the Mures River, the extremely important gold deposits of the Carpathian Gold Moutains, and the political and military centers of Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana and Apulum. We will continue the excavation of the well preserved structures, including a villa rustica of palatial size, identified during our 2013-2019 field seasons. Our 2020 excavation and survey will aim at understanding the importance and impact of the proximity of the main axis of movement, communication and commerce on the Roman provincial rural life, and its evolution through time, as well as the local processes of identity creation. Our participants will participate to the villa excavation, geochemical and geophysical survey, Duration: 4 week sessions STP survey and laboratory analysis. This Costs: US$1695 for each 4-week session extraordinary environment with its associated It includes: monuments and material culture, combined with excavation registration, taxes, fees lectures and spectacular surrounding natural landscapes and most gear beautiful Transylvanian churches and castles, housed as guests of Romanian families in a guarantees all students and volunteers with a highly beautiful traditional Transylvanian village full room and board, Monday-Friday rewarding archaeological and cultural experience. -
The Late Bronze Age Pottery in the South-Eastern Carpathian Basin
SlovenSká archeológia lXVIII – 2, 2020, 253 – 296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31577/slovarch.2020.68.12 THE LATE BRONZE AGE POTTERY IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN CARPATHIAN BASIN V IC TOR SAVA after the abandonment of some of the Middle Bronze age tell settlements, a series of developments and transformations lead to the construction of mega-forts in the lower Mureș region during the 15th c. Bc, followed by their subsequent destruction/demise during the 13th c. Bc. While most investigations in the aforementioned region have focused on the evolution of the most representative sites, a large number of artefacts, especially the pottery assemblage, have not yet been analysed in detail. The current paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a detailed analysis combining the available radiocarbon dates, the contexts from where these samples were taken, and the associated pottery finds. in this way we could establish time intervals expressed in absolute dates that frame the evolution of certain pottery shapes, decora- tion techniques and ornamental motifs. as a result of this analysis, it became clear that certain characteristics of the Middle Bronze age pottery have been perpetuated during the late Bronze age. another important observation was the widespread use of channelled pottery as early as the 16th c. Bc within some communities from this region. on the other hand, other communities in the area make extensive use of incised decoration until the 14th c. Bc. as a result, two different stylistic areas could be observed in the lower Mureș region. The results obtained in this paper underline the drawbacks of traditional relative chronologies based on the evolution of certain artefact types. -
THE SUCIDAVA TYPE of BUCKLES and the RELATIONS BETWEEN the LATE ROMAN EMPIRE and the BARBARIANS in the 6Th CENTURY
THE SUCIDAVA TYPE OF BUCKLES AND THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE BARBARIANS IN THE 6th CENTURY , by ALEXANDRU MADGEARU Joachim Wemer gave the name of this type of buckles because several pieces have been found at Celei- Sucidava when he published its paper (in 1955)1 . These buckles have a sheld-shaped plate and are adomed by pierced work with cruciform or crescent motifs or with a human stylized face. Joachim Wemer established their dating in second half of the 6th century. Dezso Csallâny wrote, few years after, a study on these buckles, focused especially on the pieces with human face2 . The number of buckles increased very much during the last three decades. Dan Gh. Teodor 3 and Syna Uenze 4 made two typologies in 1991 and 1992. In 1992 Valentin Varsik also published a study about several types of buckles including Sucidava, but he did not proposed a typology3. In the same year the buckles found in the Lower Danubian area were put together into a repertory by Uwe Fiedler 6. The typologies drawn up by S. Uenze and Dan Gh. Teodor are very important for the study of these objects, but we consider possibie a more accurate classification. We remind here that S. Uenze classified the Sucidava buckles into five types: a) - with a simple cruciform decor; , ■ , b) - a cross with all the arms rounded; • c) - a cross with the down arm rounded; d) - with tangent circles; e) - with a human stylized face. The classification made by D. Gh. Teodor is based on the same criterion of the ornament, but is more coherent: a) - without ornament; • b) - with a simple cross; c) - wiţh a cross and a crescent; . -
The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia's Threat to the Roman Empire
The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia’s Threat to the Roman Empire ______________________________________ ALEXANDRU MARTALOGU The Roman Republic and Empire survived for centuries despite imminent threats from the various peoples at the frontiers of their territory. Warfare, plundering, settlements and other diplomatic agreements were common throughout the Roman world. Contemporary scholars have given in-depth analyses of some wars and conflicts. Many, however, remain poorly analyzed given the scarce selection of period documents and subsequent inquiry. The Dacian conflicts are one such example. These emerged under the rule of Domitian1 and were ended by Trajan2. Several issues require clarification prior to discussing this topic. The few sources available on Domitian’s reign describe the emperor in hostile terms.3 They depict him as a negative figure. By contrast, the rule of Trajan, during which the Roman Empire reached its peak, is one of the least documented reigns of a major emperor. The primary sources necessary to analyze the Dacian wars include Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Jordanes’ Getica and a few other brief mentions by several ancient authors, including Pliny the Younger and Eutropius. Pliny is the only author contemporary to the wars. The others inherited an already existing opinion about the battles and emperors. It is no surprise that scholars continue to disagree on various issues concerning the Dacian conflicts, including the causes behind Domitian’s and Trajan’s individual decisions to attack Dacia. This study will explore various possible causes behind the Dacian Wars. A variety of reasons lead some to believe that the Romans felt threatened by the Dacians. -
Histoire Rou:\%Ìains Et De La Romanité Orientale Par N
HISTOIRE ROU:\%ÌAINS ET DE LA ROMANITÉ ORIENTALE PAR N. IORGA PUBLIÉE SOUS LES AUSPICES DE SA MAJESTE LE ROI CHARLES II PAR L'ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE VOL.I,PARTIE II _ LE SCEAU DE ROME BUCAREST x 9 3 7 PARTIE II LE SCEAU DE ROME LIVRE I LES CONQUERANTS CHAPITRE I PREMIER ACTE DE LA ROMANISATION Une nouvelle période dans l'histoire de ce monde, riche en mélanges, qui s'érige peu h peu en grandes synthèses dont se détachera une solide nation millénaire, s'ouvre par l'apparition de ceux qui rendent ainsi la visite, pendant quel- que temps si menafante, de Pyrrhus. La Macédoine n'eftait pas tombée, mais Rome était entrée dans le rae de celle-ci, qui n'était que celui d' Alexandre-le-Grand. Nous avons vu comment la pénétration de Rome dans les Balcans a commencé par les deux guerres d'Illyrie (229-228 et 219 avant J. Chr.), dont nous avons parléplushaut, en rapport avec les races aborigènes dans la Péninsule du Sud-Est Européen. Jusqu'au II-e siècle, Narona, Lissus, Salona, certaines iles avaient, sous le rapport romain, le méme caractère que, plus tard, h l'époque de la domination véni- tienne, ces localités eurent sous le rapport italien 1 Les guerres de Macédoine ont fait connaitre ensuite aux Romains tous les coins des vallées de l'Ouest de la Péninsule Balcanique, pendant la première moitié du II-e siècle. Bientôt, comme autrefois Athénes faisait venir ses servi- teurs de la Thrace 2, comme aujourd'hui les Vénitiens du Frioul ou les Roumains de Bucarest les font venir du pays des Szekler en Transylvanie ou ceux de Jassy de la Bucovine 'Voy.