3-D Crystal Shapes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TELLUS SCIENCE MUSEUM AT-HOME SCIENCE ACTIVITIES 3-d crystal shapes MATERIALS sticks You can use toothpicks, popsicle sticks, straws, pretzel sticks, uncooked spaghetti, or other similar materials. stickies You can use mini marshmallows (stale ones work best), gumdrops, fruit snacks, clay, Playdoh, or other similar materials. DIRECTIONS Take one stick and add a sticky to each end. Take another stick and attach it to the first stick with one of the stickies. Repeat this step until you have formed a square. Make another square of the same size. Lay your first square down on the table in front of you and place four new sticks into the corner stickies at a right angle (sticking straight up from the table). Place the second square that you made on top of the vertical sticks of the first square and connect each corner. LOOK—YOU MADE A CUBE! THE SCIENCE In the Weinman Mineral Gallery at Tellus Science Museum, you can see all kinds of rocks and minerals from Georgia and around the world. But what is a mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring substance made up of crystal structures from one element. Crystals come in many shapes and types. If you look through a microscope, you can see that different minerals have crystals that are different shapes. For example, you just made a cubic or isometric crystal structure which is found in many common minerals—such as halite (table salt), pyrite (fool’s gold), and even diamonds. EXPERIMENTS ■ TRY THESE 3-D SHAPES: a. Hexagonal like beryl b. Trigonal like calcite c. Tetragonal like zircon ■ Using only 20 sticks, how tall can you make your crystal structure? ■ Can you construct a shape strong enough to hold a book? #MuseumFromHome TELLUS SCIENCE MUSEUM AT-HOME SCIENCE ACTIVITIES crystal shapes by system CUBIC cube octahedron galena TETRAGONAL cassiterite zircon scheelite ORTHORHOMBIC sulfur barytes olivine MONOCLINIC wolframite gypsum augite orthoclase TRICLINIC chalcanthite kyanite axinite rhodonite albite HEXAGONAL beryl apatite zincite TRIGONAL rhodochrosite calcite corundum quartz #MuseumFromHome.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Rhodochrosite Gems Unstable Colouration of Padparadscha-Like
Volume 36 / No. 4 / 2018 Effect of Blue Fluorescence on the Colour Appearance of Diamonds Rhodochrosite Gems The Hope Diamond Unstable Colouration of in London Padparadscha-like Sapphires Volume 36 / No. 4 / 2018 Cover photo: Rhodochrosite is prized as both mineral specimens and faceted stones, which are represented here by ‘The Snail’ (5.5 × 8.6 cm, COLUMNS from N’Chwaning, South Africa) and a 40.14 ct square-cut gemstone from the Sweet Home mine, Colorado, USA. For more on rhodochrosite, see What’s New 275 the article on pp. 332–345 of this issue. Specimens courtesy of Bill Larson J-Smart | SciAps Handheld (Pala International/The Collector, Fallbrook, California, USA); photo by LIBS Unit | SYNTHdetect XL | Ben DeCamp. Bursztynisko, The Amber Magazine | CIBJO 2018 Special Reports | De Beers Diamond ARTICLES Insight Report 2018 | Diamonds — Source to Use 2018 The Effect of Blue Fluorescence on the Colour 298 Proceedings | Gem Testing Appearance of Round-Brilliant-Cut Diamonds Laboratory (Jaipur, India) By Marleen Bouman, Ans Anthonis, John Chapman, Newsletter | IMA List of Gem Stefan Smans and Katrien De Corte Materials Updated | Journal of Jewellery Research | ‘The Curse Out of the Blue: The Hope Diamond in London 316 of the Hope Diamond’ Podcast | By Jack M. Ogden New Diamond Museum in Antwerp Rhodochrosite Gems: Properties and Provenance 332 278 By J. C. (Hanco) Zwaan, Regina Mertz-Kraus, Nathan D. Renfro, Shane F. McClure and Brendan M. Laurs Unstable Colouration of Padparadscha-like Sapphires 346 By Michael S. Krzemnicki, Alexander Klumb and Judith Braun 323 333 © DIVA, Antwerp Home of Diamonds Gem Notes 280 W.
[Show full text]
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
[Show full text]
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
[Show full text]
Supergene Mineralogy and Processes in the San Xavier Mine Area, Pima County, Arizona
Supergene mineralogy and processes in the San Xavier mine area, Pima County, Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Arnold, Leavitt Clark, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 18:44:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551760 SUPERGENE MINERALOGY AND PROCESSES IN THE SAN XAVIER MINE AREA— PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA by L. Clark Arnold A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1964 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of require ments for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is de posited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
[Show full text]
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis.
[Show full text]
An Improved Approach to Crystal Symmetry and the Derivation And
71-22,530 SHANKLIN, Robert Elstone, 1915- AN IMPROVED APPROACH TO CRYSTAL SYMMETRY AND THE DERIVATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRTY- TWO CRYSTAL CLASSES BY MEANS OF THE STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION AND GROUP THEORY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 Mineralogy University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan ©Copyright by Robert Elstone Shanklin 1971 AN IMPROVED APPROACH TO CRYSTAL SYMMETRY AND THE DERIVATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRTY-TNO CRYSTAL CLASSES BY MEANS OF THE STEREOGRA.PHIC PROJECTION AND GROUP THEORY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert Elstone Shanklin, A. B., M.S ★ * * * * Approved By Department of Mineralogy PLEASE NOTE: Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS. PREFACE The subject of order in the natural world is a favorite topic of scientists and philosophers alike. If there is any order in the universe, the crystalline state seems to be an excellent place to find it. That which is orderly should be comprehensible. There is no reason why a subject as rich in educational value, as reward ing in intellectual content, and as full of aesthetic satisfaction as crystallography should remain behind a veil of obscurity, the property of a few specialists. As a teacher of crystallography and mineralogy for many years, it has become apparent to me that existing textbooks often do not serve the needs of either students or instructors. The material generally available on elementary crystallography seems to vary between excessively abstruse and involved on the one hand, or too brief on the other.
[Show full text]
108. the Crystal Structure O F Axinite Revised
490 Proc. Japan Acad., 45 (1969) [Vol. 45, 108. The Crystal Structure o f Axinite Revised By Tei-ichi ITO, M.J.A., Yoshio TAKEUCHI,*' Toru OzAWA,*' Takaharu ARAKI,**',fi' Tibor ZOLTAI,**' and J. J. FINNNEY***' (Comm. June 10, 1969) The crystal structure of axinite, H (Fe, Mn) Ca2A12BSi4016, was investigated by Ito and Takeuchi (1952) on the assumption that boron atoms in the structure form separate B03 groups like tourma- line (Ito, 1950; Ito and Sadanaga, 1951; vide Buerger et al., 1962). The structure then deduced by taking account of Patterson projec- tions consists of separate Si4012 and B03 groups bound together by Fe, Al and Ca atoms. Although the structure was crystallo-chemically reasonable, the residual R could not be reduced to less than 0.35 for all the reflections observed. Since axinite is one of those common silicate minerals whose crystal structure has not been refined, it has been thoroughly reinvestigated using modern techniques. The specimens used are from Woodlake, California (Type collec- tion #9620, Colorado School of Mines). Chemical analysis by an electron microprobe gives the Fe to Mn ratio of the specimen to be approximately unity. The lattice constants of the triclinic crystal are a=7.1566+0.0015, a=91.75°+0.83 b=9.1995±0.0020, 9=98.14° + 0.02 c=8.9585±0.0022, T=77.30° + 0.02 and the unit cell contains two formula units. Three dimensional intensities were collected by a scintillation counter using an equi- inclination single-crystal diffractometer, MoKa radiation and a pair of balanced Zr-Y filters.
[Show full text]
Ferroaxinite Ca2fe2+Al2bsi4o15(OH)
2+ Ferroaxinite Ca2Fe Al2BSi4O15(OH) c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1: Crystals typically °attened, axe-head-shaped, to 20 cm; granular, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Good on 100 , poor on 001 , 110 , and 011 . Fracture: Uneven to conchoidal. Tenacity: Brfittleg. Hardnessf = 6g.5{f7 Dg (measf.) =g3.25{3.28 D(calc.) = [3.33] Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Clove-brown, brown, plum-blue, pearl-gray; colorless to pale brown or blue in thin section. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial ({). ® = 1.674{1.682 ¯ = 1.682{1.690 ° = 1.685{1.693 2V(meas.) = 65±{75± Cell Data: Space Group: P 1: a = 7.1437(4) b = 9.1898(6) c = 8.9529(4) ® = 91:857(6)± ¯ = 98:188(5)± ° = 77:359(4)± Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Isµere, France. 2.812 (100), 3.16 (90), 3.46 (80), 6.30 (70), 3.68 (60), 3.28 (60), 2.998 (60) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) SiO2 43.14 41.97 42.16 ZnO 0.04 TiO2 0.10 MgO 1.34 0.66 B2O3 6.12 [6.14] 6.11 CaO 19.76 19.18 19.67 Al2O3 16.70 17.24 17.88 Na2O 0.36 Fe2O3 1.28 K2O 0.23 + FeO 7.12 10.41 12.60 H2O 1.56 [1.57] 1.58 MnO 1.66 2.61 Total 99.41 [99.78] 100.00 (1) Durango, Mexico. (2) Rosebery district, Tasmania, Australia; by electron microprobe, B2O3 interpolated from end members, H2O calculated from stoichiometry.
[Show full text]
Minerals of the Axinite Group from Norwegian Localities
Minerals of the axinite group from Norwegian localities Fred Steinar Nordrum, Alf Olav Larsen og Muriel Erambert Introduction The mineral known today as axinite was first described by Schreiber in 1781, but thought to be a variety of schorl. During the next two decades the mineral was referred to under different names: violet schorl, yanolite, thumerstein, thumite and glasschorl. The name axinite was first applied by Hauy in 1799, in reference to the common axe-like shape of the crystals. The axinite group minerals are complex cyclosilicates. The three Ca-dominant end-members are ferroaxinite, manganaxinite and magnesia-axinite, named after the second most abundant cations, and with the general formula Ca4(Fe,Mn,Mg),AI4B2Sia030(OH),. Tinzenite has a Ca deficiency, compensated by an excess of Mn, and with the formula Ca2Mn.A14B2Sia030(OH),. The definition of ferroaxinite, manganaxinite and tinzenite was established by Sanero & Gollardi (1968), while magnesio-axinite was described by Jobbins et al. (1975). Axinite from Norway was first described by Schumacher (1801) who reported the mineral both from the silver deposits at Kongsberg and from Torbjlilrnsbo iron mine at Arendal. Keilhau (1838) mentioned axinite from Nikkerud iron mine near Drammen. Goldschmidt (1911) thoroughly described axinite from Arvoll near Oslo, and his chemical analysis showed that the mineral was close to the manganaxinite end member. He also mentioned another axinite locality at Arvoll, as well as Nikkerud (Aserud) near Drammen. Munster (1883) mentioned axinite from the Kongsberg silver deposits, while Neumann (1944) described axinite from several localities within the Kongsberg silver deposits, and published the chemical composition of an axinite from Golles Hulfe in der Noth mine (358 m level).
[Show full text]
American Journal of Science
1 'Ui J}-_) 3J/ e~,. ~r1Vlv~ J. HE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. EDITOR: EDWARD S. DANA. ASSOCIATE EDITORS PROFESSORS GEO. L. GOODALE, JOHN TROWBRIDGE, H. P. BOWDITCH AND W. G. F ARLO'V, OF CAMBRIDGE, PROFESSORS O. C. MARSH, A. E. VERRILL AND H. S. WILLIAMS, OF NEW HAVEN, PROFESSOR GEORGE F. BARKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PROFESSOR H. A. RO'VLAND, OF BALTIMORE, MR. J. S. DILLER, OF WASHINGTON. FOURTH SERIES. YOLo III-[WHOLE NUMBER, CLIIL] Nos. 13-18. JANUARY '1'0 JUNE, 1897. WITH SEVEN PLATES• • ># •.'" , • .' ,_'_._,9_._;~: ", ~ • oJ " ... • ... ~ ~ • NEW HAYEN, CONNECTICUT. 1897. ,Sf- Penfield and Jioote-Rmblhlgite, a new Silicate. 413 ART. XLII.-On Rmblingite, a new Silicate from Franklin Furnace, N. J., containing Sulphur Dio;:cide and Lead; by S, L. PENFIELD and H. W. FOOTE, MR. FRANK L. NASON, who has been especially interested in the geology and mineralogy of the zinc deposits of Frank lin, New Jersey, has recently brought to our attention a mineral from the Parker shaft of the New Jersey Zinc Com pany, which owing' to its unusual chemical composition is of especial interest. The mineral occurs in dense, white, compact masses, which consist of an aggregate of minute prismatic crystals. These when examined with the microscope show parallel extinction and a weak double refraction, but they are so minute that the system of crystallization could not be deter mined. The specific gravity is 3'433; hardness a trifle under 3. A chemical analysis of this material by Foote gave the following resnlts : 1. II. Average. Ratio, SiO. __ .
[Show full text]
Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina by W
.'.' .., Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie RUTILE GUMMITE IN GARNET RUBY CORUNDUM GOLD TORBERNITE GARNET IN MICA ANATASE RUTILE AJTUNITE AND TORBERNITE THULITE AND PYRITE MONAZITE EMERALD CUPRITE SMOKY QUARTZ ZIRCON TORBERNITE ~/ UBRAR'l USE ONLV ,~O NOT REMOVE. fROM LIBRARY N. C. GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY Information Circular 24 Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie Raleigh 1978 Second Printing 1980. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained from: North CarOlina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Geological Survey Section P. O. Box 27687 ~ Raleigh. N. C. 27611 1823 --~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SECTION The Geological Survey Section shall, by law"...make such exami nation, survey, and mapping of the geology, mineralogy, and topo graphy of the state, including their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary." In carrying out its duties under this law, the section promotes the wise conservation and use of mineral resources by industry, commerce, agriculture, and other governmental agencies for the general welfare of the citizens of North Carolina. The Section conducts a number of basic and applied research projects in environmental resource planning, mineral resource explora tion, mineral statistics, and systematic geologic mapping. Services constitute a major portion ofthe Sections's activities and include identi fying rock and mineral samples submitted by the citizens of the state and providing consulting services and specially prepared reports to other agencies that require geological information. The Geological Survey Section publishes results of research in a series of Bulletins, Economic Papers, Information Circulars, Educa tional Series, Geologic Maps, and Special Publications.
[Show full text]
Download the Scanned
American Mineralogist, Volume 77, pages 670475, 1992 NEW MINERAL NAMES* JonN L. J,Annson CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KIA OGl' Canada Abswurmbachite* rutile, hollandite, and manganoan cuprian clinochlore. The new name is for Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach, in recog- T. Reinecke,E. Tillmanns, H.-J. Bernhardt (1991)Abs- her contribution to the crystal chemistry, sta- wurmbachite, Cu'?*Mnl*[O8/SiOo],a new mineral of nition of physical properties ofbraunite. Type the braunite group: Natural occurrence,synthesis, and bility relations, and crystal structure.Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh., 163,ll7- material is in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, r43. DC, and in the Institut fiir Mineralogie, Ruhr-Universitlit Bochum, Germany. J.L.J. The new mineral and cuprian braunit€ occur in brown- ish red piemontite-sursassitequartzites at Mount Ochi, near Karystos, Evvia, Greece, and in similar quartzites on the Vasilikon mountains near Apikia, Andros Island, Barstowite* Greece.An electron microprobe analysis (Andros mate- C.J. Stanley,G.C. Jones,A.D. Hart (1991) Barstowite, gave SiO, 9.8, TiO, rial; one of six for both localities) 3PbClr'PbCOr'HrO, a new mineral from BoundsClifl 0.61,Al,O3 0.60, Fe'O, 3.0,MnrO. 71.3,MgO 0.04,CuO St. Endellion,Cornwall. Mineral. Mag., 55, l2l-125. 12.5, sum 97.85 wto/o,corresponding to (CuStrMn3tu- Electron microprobe and CHN analysis gavePb75.47, Mgoo,)", oo(Mn3jrFe|jrAlo orTif.[nCuStr)", nrSi' o, for eight (calc.)6.03, sum 101.46wto/o, cations,ideally CuMnuSiO'r, the Cu analogueof braunite. Cl 18.67,C l.Iz,H 0.18,O to Pb.orClrrrCr.or- The range of Cu2* substitution for Mn2' is 0-42 molo/oin which for 17 atoms corresponds The min- cuprian braunite and 52-93 molo/oin abswurmbachite.
[Show full text]