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Home , Ansar (Islam), Banu Nadir, Banu Qaynuqa, Battle of Badr, Battle of Hunayn, Battle of the Trench

When the Moon Split Seerah Quest 2020 The of Badr -everything up until this point was minor, considered first major battle -313-317 men, 2 horses, 70 camels - rounded up 1300 men to fight the -Quraysh sent up their 3 best horsemen, and the Muslims sent 3 to them (Ubaydah bin Harith, Hamzah,(r) and (r))- Muslims won their duals -’s help came in the form of 1000 -Muslims were outnumbered 3 to 1, with the (a) amongst them ready to fight -Quraysh fell one after another, and then they retreated -Abu Jahl was well-protected during the battle but was still attacked and killed, ‘He was the Pharaoh of his nation” -Muslims fought against their fathers, uncles, sons, brothers, cousins, and friends -the day came to be called ‘Yaum Al-Furqan’- the day of distinction because battle lines were drawn not according to tribe, but according to belief in Allah -14 Muslims died as martyrs during the Battle of Badr Ruqayyah dies and marries Umm Kulthoom -Quraysh wanted to strike back in revenge since their loss in Badr, so they attempted strikes, assassinations, all failed Expedition against Qaynuqa -the of grew hostile towards the Muslims, they caused a clash that led to a besieging and Banu Qaynuqa eventually laid down their arms, and then they were expelled out

Expedition of Saweeq -in another attempt to cause the Muslims harm, Abu Sufyan charged close to Madinah with 200 men destroyed date trees and killing 2 Ansar. -the Prophet (a) and his followers went out to pursue them and in order for Quraysh to flee away they left behind their corn meal (Saweeq) Ka’b bin is killed -this was a wealthy Jewish poet who used poetry to encourage the Quraysh to get revenge -the Prophet’s companions set up a plan to sneak him away at night and kill him and silence him at last, his death also set a major defeat for the Jews The Sariyya of Qardah -the Prophet (a) came to know about a Qurayshi caravan and had 200 men intercept it, this was a huge economic defeat for the Quraysh like the military defeat they suffered at Badr The -with the 2 humiliating defeats that the Quraysh suffered: Badr and Qardah, they decided to put all their hatred and anger towards another military strike against the Muslims -Quraysh recruited anyone who had anything against the Muslims to join them in their strike -Quraysh was able to gather 3000 soldiers with 300 camels, 200 horses, and 700 coats of mail -Abu Sufyan was the commander in chief of the Makkan army

-the hypocrites stayed back while the brave were eager to fight -the Prophet (a) planned for 3 squads- Muhajireen, the Aus tribe, and the Khazraj to be in the battle -as things were going smoothly, a group of hypocrites decided to rebel against the Prophet (a), Abdullah bin Ubayy withdrew 300 companions, now their army shrunk from 1000 to 700 -the Prophet (a) formed 50 archers on Mount Ramaah to stand guard and watch for the enemy, he emphasized that no matter what, to not leave their station Fighting begins -as hard and as great as the Muslims fought in this battler, Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib (the Lion of Allah) was martyred, killed by the javelin of Wahshi bin Harb, an Abyssinian slave -many disbelievers were fleeing, Muslims were gaining victory, this is when the archers disobeyed their orders and left their stations to join in getting the spoils of war -40 of the rearguards left the mountain and left the Muslims in a vulnerable position where the enemy came back for another attack -when the other side saw few guards left on the mountain, they killed 10 and then they were able to surprise attack the Muslims from behind, now the Muslims were surrounded The Prophet (a) is rumored dead -when the Prophet (a) saw all of this unfold, he called out that those who protect him will deserve and be his companion in Paradise - 7 Ansar fell trying to save the Prophet -the Prophet (a) still received many blows to his head, lip, teeth, and shoulder, and was severely injured -Allah swt sent angels Jibreel and Mikaeel to fight for the Prophet (a) -when Mus’ab bin Umayr was killed, because he looked like the Prophet (a), the killer shouted he had killed the Prophet (a), and when the news spread, they eased their attack on the Muslims Plight of the encircled Muslims

-when the Muslims saw themselves as surrounded, some escaped to Madinah, others fled to the mountains, some went to protect the Prophet (a), it was chaos and disorder- the first row collided with the last row and someone died just in that chaos, when they realized the Prophet (a) did not die, they had a morality boost, but then they decided to retreat -by retreating the Prophet (a) managed to save his army from further losses In the ravine -there were some small strikes that followed -Abu Sufyan’s wife, Hind bint Utbah cut up Hamzah’s body to get more revenge for those she lost in the battle of Badr -Abu Sufyan and Khalid bin Waleed decided they were satisfied with the damage they brought, they killed 70 Muslims and they lost 22 Back to Madinah -after the martyrs were buried, now it was time to return to Madinah The incident of Raj’i and The tragedy at Bir Ma’una -these two Incidents: the one at Bir Ma’una and Raj’i were both supposed to be missions of peace, groups interested in , the Prophet (a) sending men to honor those requests, and then both ended tragically and based on deceit - both happened in the same month Expedition against -the Prophet (a) wanted to correct the violation of the killing of the 2 men from Band Kilab and went to Banu Nadir to ask them to help to contribute for the blood money -while waiting for the Jewish tribe members to discuss amongst themselves, they instead plotted to kill the Prophet (a) but Jibreel revealed the plot to him, so the Prophet (a) hurried away

-this was treachery by a tribe that was bound by a treaty, and so the Prophet (a) knew they can’t coexist together anymore -the Prophet (a) sent the Jews of Madinah an ultimatum since they proved they can’t be trusted, they either leave Madinah within 10 days -Abdullah bin Ubayy - head of the hypocrites sent them a message telling them to stay on, he promised 2000 warriors ready to enter their fortress and defend them, so the Jews decided to stay -but when the Muslims advanced and laid to them, and the promised help abandoned them, they agreed to lay down their weapons as long as they’d be allowed to exile in safety- they were allowed to take everything with them except weapons -the Jews had left Madinah settling in , and some migrated to An appointment at Badr -After Uhud, Abu Sufyan promised another military encounter for the following year at Badr, the Prophet (a) met his promise and waited there with an army of 1500 soldiers and waited 8 days, the Quraysh retreated before even fighting saying it’s not an ideal situation to fight -for the next year there was peace and no fighting and in that time the Prophet (a) was able to teach his followers and strengthen the faith The -the exiled Jewish tribes at Khaybar wanted revenge- so they went to Quraysh and wanted a new military strike, another tribe joined Banu Ghaftan, and more and more tribes gave their consent Digging the trench -when news reached Madinah of this new coalition heading for Madinah, the Muslims knew they needed a good plan, Salman Al Farsi advised that the Muslims should dig a trench to keep the enemy away -Madinah had major hills to the east, west, and south, the city was exposed on the north- so the Prophet (a) chose to secure that part, and they all began digging- they did this in severe cold conditions and extreme hunger

Across the trench -when the Quraysh army advanced with their 4000 men and came to the trench they were bewildered at this new strategy, they couldn’t cross the trench and the archers sprayed them with arrows, there was an attempt to get into the trench but the Muslims successfully fought them off -as the Muslims were gaining an advantage the Jews and hypocrites from within left parts of Madinah unprotected and didn’t want to fight anymore The coalition splits and the battle ends -a man by the name of Nu’aym bin Mas’ood Ashaja’i came to the Prophet (a), he was part of the Ghatfan tribe and had strong ties with Quraysh and the Jews, he secretly became Muslim and worked with the Prophet (a) to act as a spy with the enemy -while the Muslims were expecting danger and attack from the coalition of Jews and Quraysh, they prayed and Allah swt sent a violent storm and an army of angels against the enemy forces - their tents were destroyed, their belongings blew all over, all of this caused them to withdraw -they had all left, the Muslims were living in fear of attack for a whole month- the enemy wanted to capture all of Madinah and finish off the Muslims, but Allah protected the Muslims Battle of Banu Quraydha -Muslims arrived at Ana to confront Banu Quraydha, they shut themselves in their castles too terrified to meet the Muslims, after 25 days they surrendered to the the Prophet (a), and the Prophet a appointed Sa’d bin Mu’adh to judge, he decided that the men are to be killed and women and children to be taken captive

Departure for and arrival at Hudaybia -the Prophet a had a vision that he saw himself and his companions entering Makkah praying there and shaving their heads, and so they set off to perform Umrah, the Quraysh prevented the Muslims from entering even if it meant war Negotiations between the Prophet (a) and the Quraysh -the Prophet (a) wanted to convince the Quraysh his only reason for wanting to enter Makkah was spiritual so he sent Uthman bin Affan (r), when he didn’t return after some time, the companions and the Prophet (a) stood under a tree and made a pledge to fight in revenge for Uthman (r), this was called ‘Bay’a Al-Ridwan’ A treaty is concluded -the Quraysh didn’t want war so they set conditions of the Prophet (a) and his companions that they wouldn’t do Umrah that year, but they could come back the next year, stay for 3 days, and not have any weapons; also they’d have a truce for 10 years The Muslims’ dejection over the truce -after the treaty was finalized the Prophet (a) instructed for his compassions to slaughter their animals, they didn’t, he repeated this instruction 3 times and they wouldn’t move they felt let down, Umm Salamah (r) advised for the Prophet to go and slaughter his animal and shave his head and they followed -the Muslims felt they got the worse part of the deal but the Prophet (a) assured them this was the beginning of many victories -this was called the treaty of Hudaybia

Effects of the truce -the success of the treaty led to Islam spreading more and more - more people were accepting islam in the 2 years after the treaty than the whole past 19 years The Prophet’s letters to Monarchs and Potentates -after the Treaty of Hudaybia, the Prophet (a) sent letters to monarchs and nobles of several lands inviting them to Islam: to the Abyssinian king, he also wrote to Muqauqis king of Alexandria & , he also wrote to Chosroes (Khusro Pervez) the king of Persia; also to the Roman Emperor, letter to the Amir of Basra, to the chief of Yamamah, to the ruler of Bahrain, Oman Expedition of Ghaba or Dhu Qarad -for 10 years there was peace with Quraysh, but the Jewish tribes were always making trouble -the Prophet (a) led an expedition into Khaybar called the Battle of Ghaba Conquest of Khaybar -this was a series of , the Muslims were victorious and the Jews were punished for their previous aggressions The emigrants of Abyssinia return -amonst them were Ja’far bin Abi Talib, and Abu Musa Ash’ari (r) The Prophet (a) is poisoned -the Jews conspired to kill the Prophet (a) by presenting him a goat that was poisoned, it didn’t kill the Prophet (a)

Umrah is finally performed -a year had gone by since the Treaty of Hudaybia and keeping with the pact, the Muslims were now free to set out for Umrah, they wore their and did tawaf around the Ka’bah The expedition to Muta -3000 muslim soldiers challenged 200,000 heavyweights from the Roman Empire where Zayd bin Haritha, Ja’far, Abdullah bin Rawaha all martyred then they were led by Khaled bin Waleed The battle for Makkah -in the 8th year after Hijjah the Prophet (a) conquered Makkah, during this time Abu Sufyan accepts Islam The Prophet (a) enters Makkah -after nearly 21 years of patience and endurance of persecution, Allah’s Messenger would finally enter HIs Sacred victorious and unchallenged -humble and grateful the Prophet (a) entered Makkah, kissed the and circumambulated the Ka’bah, knocking down the idols that have been placed around the Ka’bah over the years -he then took the keys to the Ka’bah and cleaned the inside of the Ka’bah from all the idols -he announced to the Quraysh that had gathered outside the Ka’bah to have no fear, you are all free -’s father and Hind bin Utbah, Abu Sufyan’s wife accepted Islam at this time -Bilal (r) called the Adhan from the roof of the Ka’bah

The Prophet (a) in Makkah -Makkah became an Islamic city, all the major idols were completely smashed and destroyed -they were close to defeat, but the Muslims got victory and more non- Muslims entered Islam from the miraculous victory achieved that day which led to the Battle of Taif- the Muslims won that battle and the Prophet (a) distributed the spoils to Muslims of weaker faith, some of the Ansar felt this was unfair but the Prophet (a) asked them, wouldn’t they rather have the Prophet (a) than material things? The Muslims prepare to meet the Romans -preparing the journey to Tabuk the Sahaba donated very generously to the mission and even less fortunate Muslims wanted to help The expedition to Tabuk -the Prophet (a) set out for Tabuk with 30,000 men, there weren’t many camels or much food -when the Romans learned that the Muslims had crossed 400 km of desert to challenge them, they lost courage and decided not to face them in combat but the Prophet (a) still camped in Tabuk for 20 days in order to intimidate the Romans Ghazawat -before the Prophet (a) and before Islam, saw war as a chance to completely massacre the weak, take all their belongings, destroy their villages and cattle -Islam changed the concept of war -war became a way to rescue the oppressed and punish the oppressors - battles were fought only to save people from worshipping idols and to bring people to Islam -before Islam, wars used to be last many years- sometime decades and the cause of the wars were petty things

Abu Bakr (r) performs -after the conquest of Makkah- 9th year after Hijjah, the Prophet (a) sent Abu Bakr to lead the pilgrims in performing Hajj and hajj from then on was to be performed the Islamic way The year of delegations -after this Arab tribes began sending delegations to Madinah to accept Islam, 70-100 delegations came to the Prophet (a) -now the grew and stretched from the , to the Arabian Gulf, from southern Jordan to and Oman- the Prophet (a) appointed governors and judges in each of these areas to ensure that Islamic law was administered properly, as well as knowledgeable teachers Hajjatul-Wada’: The Farewell -by the year 10 after hijra Islam had spread over the entire -this year the Prophet (a) went into Makkah and performed the , it is here he delivered the farewell Expedition to -in the 11th year after hijrah, the Prophet (a) sent soldiers to Balqa and Darum in Palestine - they were to stage a show of might against the Romans, the expedition took place after the Prophet’s death under the of Abu Bakr (r) Signs of the Prophet’s imminent death -the Prophet (a) told (r) that he thought his time was coming -the Prophet (a) paid off debts, sought forgiveness by those he had wronged -he passed away 12th day of Rabi Al’Awwal 11 AH

-Abu Bakr (r) broke the news to the community who were having a difficult time with it Abu Bakr (r) chosen as Khalifah Prophet’s Wives: 1) Khadeejah bint Khuwaylid (r) 2) Saudah bint Zam’a (r) 3) Aishah Siddeeqah bint Abu Bakr Siddeeq (r) 4) Hafsah bint Umar bin Khattab (r) 5) Zaynab bint Khuzaymah (r) 6) Umm Salamah (r) 7) bin Riqab (r) 8) Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith (r) 9) Umm Habeebah, or Ramla bint Abi Sufyan (r) 10)Safiyah bint Huyayy bin Akhtab (r) 11)Maymoona bint Harith Hilaliya (r) -the Prophet (a) also had a maid named Mariya Qibtiya (Mary the Copt), she bore the Prophet (a) a son named Ibraheem. The Prophet’s children 1) Qasim 2) Zaynab (married Abul Aas bin Rabi’a; children: Ali and Umama) 3) Ruqayyah (married Uthman bin Affan; children: Abdullah) 4) Umm Kulthoom (also married Uthman bin Affan) 5) Fatimah (married Ali bin Abi Talib; children: Hassan & Hussein, Zaynab & Umm Kulthoom) 6) Abdullah 7) Ibraheem Prophet’s features and character: Face: fair, attractive, round, it shone bright, cheeks were soft, forehead wide, eyebrows thin and arched, his eyes were wide with black pupils, long eyelashes, wide mouth, beard was black, thick and full

Head, neck, and hair: large head,, long neck, hair was slightly curly, sometimes his hair would touch his shoulders, few gray hairs Limbs: big boned with large elbows, shoulders, knees, and wrists, palms and feet were wide -his harms were heavy, broad shoulders Build and stature: medium build, not fat or thin, not short or too tall but taller than most men Fragrance: smelled like musk Voice and speech: slightly loud, speech eloquent, looked dignified in silence and attractive while speaking, spoke to the point and his words were distinct, a great speaker Character: cheerful, liked to smile, never rude, harsh. Avoided sinning and disobedience, only got revenge when it was for Allah’s sake not for something personal. He was generous, brave, strong, and extraordinary patient, never vulgar or obscene. Didn’t stare or glare at anyone. Even before prophethood he was known as Al Ameen (trustworthy), always kept promises, humble with all his victories