IIUC Studies 17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v17i1.54984 Determining the historical significance of the farewell sermon of the Prophet (PBUH) in context of demand of the time MD. Cholem Ullah Center for University Requirement Courses (CENURC) International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Bangladesh Abstract In the 10th Hijrah, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed Hajj (pilgrimage) only once in his life and delivered his historic 'Farewell Sermon' for the liberation and welfare of the world humanity. This paper explores the importance and significance of the sermon in the context of its historical demand and its place in the world civilisation. The article also attempts to review historically on speaker, time and application of the speech to determine its place in perspective of world history and Islamic history as well. The methodology of the paper followed a qualitative approach comprised of the secondary source. It is argued that the sermon is the only historic speech in the world that incomparable provisions on liberation and welfare of humanity till the Final Day. The ultimate implication of the magnificent sermon is sustained ensuring its time was momentous and eventful; the more appropriate time cannot be estimated. Thus, according to historical analysis, the farewell sermon of the Final Apostle (PBUH) is the demand of time intimately and significantly that relevant to today’s life and society. Keywords Farewell sermon, History, Civilisation, Humanity Paper type Research paper 1. Introduction On the 10th year of Hijrah calendar, the glorious mission of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH: peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was going to be completed; at the moment the Apostle (PBUH) had decided to go on Hajj, and the month of Dhul-Hajj was only at hand. Likewise, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) realized that he was soon to bid farewell to his followers. Meanwhile, he (PBUH) was already permitted by Allah swt take his followers on pilgrimage or Hajj, and he set on the journey towards Mecca for performing fundamental pillar of Islam hajj. It was the only pilgrimage performed by IIUC Studies the Prophet (PBUH) on the last of his prophetic career, Vol. 17, Dec. 2020 because of his extreme business in preaching Islam and pp. 55-72 © IIUC teaching all followers Quran and Sunnah. ISSN 1813-7733 References his discussion “What is the basic problem of Higher Educational System of motivation about liberal education. Prof. Virus sir is a kind of teacher who Aristotle. ( n. d.). Curriculum and Method of Education. Greek. Speech. Bangladesh?” creates mental pressure which damages students’ creativity. RANCHO: Asse pore upko knowledge bari? nahi, seref pressure Aristotle. (n. d.) Nicomachean Ethics. W. D. Ross, 1103a, (pp.14-16), 23-25. 1. The system emphasizes more on having good grades rather than bari, a ye collge pressure cooker nahi he, sabukkidorche circus kaser learning. As a result, students are encouraged to do rote memorization Bacon, F. (1985). Of Studies. The Essays (Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin. bi kusal bi be nashikajata, sar bi well trained kotiheiwell educated rather than hands on learning. Bloom, D. E. & Rosovsky, H. (2003). Why developing country school not nahi. (Hirani, 2009) 2. Testing system is horrible. It doesn’t test the skill of the student. It tests neglect liberal education. Association of American Colleges and Universities, [RANCHO: Will you develop your knowledge and wisdom? No, the memorization powers. 89(1), 16-23. only pressure will rise and it is a college, not a pressure cooker, even 3. Teachers are more interested in maintaining their superiority rather than the lion in the circus also knows how to sit on the chair earing the Dewey, J. (1994). Suwarno, Speech. acting as mentors. So, they do not accept their deficiency and are harsh whip held in his owner’s hand but we call such a lion as well trained, Hirani, R. (2009). 3 Idiot., India: Film. to students. Because of the system of education, teachers in lieu of not well educated. (Hirani, 2009)] Kar, I. (2011). Newman’s idea of a university and its relevance for the 21st developing friendly relationships with learners create fear and always century. Australian eJournal of Theology, 18(1), 19-31. hide their shortcoming by showing rudeness. 4. Students always search for shortcomings of teachers. Effect on society and realization of life Kennedy, F. J. (1956). Harvard University, USA, Speech. Modern education system makes man ultra -materialistic because it lacks 5. Most of the higher educational institutions are not involved in any kind liberal education. Therefore, this system produces materialistic, money Saeful, A. (2012). Education Values in the 3 idiots movie. Unpublished thesis: of research because they either do not obtain any fund from the mongering, greedy and selfish generation instead of liberal mind and Tarbiyah Faculty. Satate Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN), Salatiga. government for research, or the government does not involve them in outlook. By instructing students, how to think rather than what to think, and Mandela, N. (2003). Lighting your way to a better future: Launch of Mindset any research activity. how to learn rather than what to learn, a liberal education generates graduates Network. Speech. 6. Students either hate or scared of unfriendly teachers. Therefore, who are capable enough to adjust and answer to the needs of economic and Newman, H. J. (1873). The Idea of a University. India: Prakash Book Depot. transmission of liberal education is severely halted. social environment. Bloom and Rosovsky (2003) has stated in their journal, Zahara, D. (1992). Penganter Pendidikan. “Why Developing Country should not Neglect Liberal Education”: Conclusion Thomas Jefferson viewed; liberal education can create the standard The Idea of a University and 3 Idiots advocate for liberal education in university placed by a society based on merit, in contrast to rank or riches at birth. and show its great impact in both personal and social life. Newman appeals Corresponding author Therefore, liberal education promotes cohesion not just within, but also to incorporate liberal education to constitute a better and standard society Md. Morshedul Alam can be contacted at: [email protected] among societies and countries. The studying of the major religions of the and depicts the overall concept of education in his book. Now, our present world can help students find the associations among them, at the same time life ruled by materialistic and selfish outlook markedly suffers from the lack the differences. To know a country’s past and present ways of culture and of a spiritual and ethical view of life. In today’s world, most probably, the behavior, studying language, literature, history, and religion may shed light in root cause of the crisis and unrest lies in the spiritual barrenness and nihilistic readers’ mind. (Bloom & Rosovsky, 2003) view of life from which modern men suffer. The meaninglessness of life At present in Bangladesh, university education system cannot reach the produces immoral and unethical viewpoint of education. By following the expected goal of liberal education. Students and teachers always think about liberal education system, university students can develop analytical skills, the profession and they are encouraged to get involved in politics by the practical knowledge, ethical judgment, humanism and social responsibility. government and political parties. As a result, students only learn but they do Bacon also shows the benefit of education in such depiction “Studies serve not become knowledgeable. They are losing their hope and, day by day, for delight, for ornament and for ability.” (Bacon, 1985) unemployment problem is increasing and country is losing its enlightening and creative generation. In addition, this existing education system fails to create generation having widening outlook and developing critical thinking. Therefore, most of the educated youth are getting frustrated and unemployed. K. Tharindus says about the higher education of Bangladesh in 56 IIUC Studies, 17 Historically, the farewell sermon of our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is In this movie, Rancho wants the excellence of knowledge and he never acquired possession. We are born with the capacity for this possession. On not only estimated one of the most significant parts of his missionary life but desires for degree. At last, Rancho gives his degree to real Rancho and he the other hand, intellectual virtue or excellence can only be instilled, also remarked as the essential guideline for the humanity. The final becomes a great scientist as name of Phunsuk Wangdu. Real Rancho’s father actualized and acquired through the proper energetic exercise of that Messenger of Islam had ever been a space before the ocean of believers says to Phunsuk Wangdu’s childhood: capacity that is through training and repeated practice. The goal of education where he delivered his pristine speech, and it was the last sermon of Prophet RANCHO’S FATHER: Uche knowledge chaiye, mere seref degree. is not to teach what virtue is, but to mold students into virtuous individuals. (PBUH) before a vast mass gathering. This speech is the comprehensive (Hirani, 2009) If people are virtuous democratic government thrives and the best interests synopsis of all missionary activities of Holy Prophet (PBUH) since 23-years [RANCHO’S FATHER: He wants education…and of the nation are served. (Aristotle, n. d) of his prophetic life at Mecca and Medina as well as the speech is a concise me…just…degree. (Hirani, 2009)] Through the system of liberal education, a student can nurture the summary of all Islamic principles revealed from Allah the Exalted to the last quality of tolerance, civility, and creativity needed in the active citizens of Messenger (PBUH). Hence the sublime sermon is just the basic guideline and democracy and removes the root of corruption. In 3 Idiots movie, we see that fundamental principles for all nations of the world for both temporal and Mental depression perpetual life till the Day of Final Judgment.