International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(2), April-June, 2015

Leading A Movement towards Freedom: The Leaders who Lead to unification & Independence Dr.Puttaraju. K. Lecturer in History, P. G. Dept. of History, Sir M. V. P.G. Center, University of , Toobinakere, , Karnataka

Introduction: imperative control of British on The Nationalist movement was the other. supported by innumerable people Aluru Venkat Rao: Aluru who contributed to the awakening venkar rao was one of the most of ideas of Unification & Freedom eminent leaders of the movement. across Karnataka region. In He had a very strong impact on Karnataka nationalist awakening the movement which was slow to take an explicit was fighting for a separate state character because of the rule of encompassing all speaking areas of Maharaja in one hand & and Nizam's Hyderabad. Even International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(2), April-June, 2015 though the first strains of this which Alur had a hand. Karnatak movement had started as early as College and University, Shantesha in 1856 and the Karnataka library and Vidyavadhak Sangha. Vidyavardhaka Sangha had been Itihasa Samsodhak Mandali, and established in 1890, the movement Sadhankeri, which he himself took a dramatic turn with the named and lived in. arrival of Aluru Venkata Rao on Justice S.S.Setlur (1862-1930): the scene. The single most It was Mr. Justice S.S. Setlur who important event that spurred the founded the Congress party in movement into frenzy was the Princely Mysore in June 1921 publishing of Aluru's magnum through which various opus, Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava constructive activities were in 1912. Such was the impact of monitored. He studied Law & his work on the masses that he became a leading solicitor in came to be known as the Bombay. He was a staunch Kula Purohita or the 'High priest follower of Lokmanya Tilak. He of the Kannada kula .He was an was highly impressed by his sharp active member in all literary writings & speeches. Tilak’s activities outside North concepts of Swadeshi & National Karnataka. He mobilized funds education attracted him towards and popular support in founding joining politics. In 1908, the Kannada Sahitya Parishat, the Dewan of Mysore, Sir august the literary body in 1915. 83 V.P.Madhava Rao appointed him He was vice president and real as a Judge of the Mysore Chief force behind sixth- Court. But the British Resident in centenary celebrations in Mysore, Sir Stuart Fraser, when all living great South Indian objected to the appointment in historians, researchers, view of Setlur's links with Tilak. archeologists and writers were Setlur had to resign his judgeship. brought on a single platform in Mr. Setlur was an authority on 1936.He was elected as the Hindu law and had translated President of 16th all Karnataka original works such as those of the literary meet, “Sahitya Mithakshara School from Sanskrit Sammelan” held in Mysore 1930. to English. While in , he He wrote books on Madhwa also served as the Correspondent philosophy and Bhagavadgita for of The Hindu paper. commoners leading a sage’s life. He died in 1964.Dharwad city is full of memorials, in founding of International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(2), April-June, 2015

Gangadhararao Deshpande the Calcutta University and had (1871-1960): He was an his higher education from the outstanding nationwide leader of University of Michigan, Ann Arbor the Congress. He was the poignant U.S. He was one of the first from spirit behind the Belgaum Bombay-Karnataka to study in the Congress of December 1924, which United States. Hardikar launched was presided over by Mahatma the Hindustan Sevadal on the eve Gandhi. He enjoyed the unique of the Belgaum Congress and privilege of being a close stood side by side with Deshpande. lieutenant of both Bal Gangadhar Swamy Ramanand Tirtha: The Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi. In history of the freedom struggle in fact, he was called the Tilak of 84 Hyderabad-Karnataka cannot be Karnataka . He was the founder touched without mentioning the and first President of the name of Swamy Ramanand Karnataka Provincial 85 Tirtha. He was born Venkatesh Committee , after the Nagpur Khedagi in Sindagi town in Congress accepted the principle of District. He was ordained linguistic provinces. It was the as a sanyasi, and became Belgaum Congress, which gave a Ramanand Tirtha . A stimulus to the political ambition postgraduate of the Poona & aspirations of Kannadigas. It is University, he was for a time of interest that it was Deshpande associated with the well-known who opened the Khadi Vastralaya trade unionist M.N.Joshi. in 1926. In 1956, when the States Ramanand Tirtha is better known Reorganization Commission, led for his struggle against the by Mr. Justice Fazl Ali, visited repressive regime of the Nizam of Belgaum, they interviewed Hyderabad and the Razakars. Deshpande &recorded his views on When Mr. S.B.Chavan was the the unification of the Kannada- Chief Minister of Maharashtra, he speaking areas. named the Marathwada Dr. N.S.Hardikar (1889-1975): University at Nanded after He was the founder of the Ramanand Tirtha 86. Hindustan Sevadal, sacrificed a Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya: lucrative career in medicine to she was among the few women plunge into the freedom struggle from Karnataka to make it big in and Gandhian constructive the Congress at the national level activities. He was inspired by and also in public affairs. Hailing Tilak. Hailing from Dharwad, he from an aristocratic Konkani- took his degree in Medicine from International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(2), April-June, 2015 speaking family from Mangalore, K.T.Bashyam (1895-1956): He she became a child widow. She was foremost among the Congress later went to England and leaders of Indian States. His home obtained a Diploma in Sociology in Cottonpet in was also from the London University. the headquarters of the Mysore Kamaladevi was a versatile Pradesh Congress. He was one of personality and her interests the earliest to join the Congress included the fine arts and acting. (1921). He was a brilliant lawyer, She acted in the silent film with legislator and political leader88.. Kannada subtitles Vasanthasena. For a time, she was married to ): The first chief Harindranath Chattopadhyay, the minister of Mysore, was a actor and poet- brother of Sarojini household name in old Mysore. Naidu. Kamaladevi served as a Hailing from , he nominated member of the Rajya was the President of the Mysore Sabha. Congress at the time of Tagadur Ramachandra Rao Independence. Before that, he had (1898-1988): It was Thagadur the record of a long struggle in the Ramachandra Rao (1898-1988), freedom movement. He was also a who can be called the "Father of member of the Constituent Political Unrest" in princely Assembly along with his father-in- Mysore87. He was, perhaps, the law, H.R.Guruva Reddy89. He later first to launch the politics of became a member of the Nehru agitation against the rule of Cabinet, and was Governor of Dewan Mirza Ismail. Even before Madhya Pradesh90. the Vaikom Temple entry Other Leaders- Several Stalwart movement in the then Travancore leaders like State (1924), Ramachandra Rao spearheaded the movement for Gudleppa hallikerei allowing entry for members of the Kengal hanumathaih Kaniyar caste into the famous Koujalagi srinivasa rao Shiva temple in Nanjangud. He Nijalingappa S launched the Gandhian Mariyappa T , constructive movement in a big Rangarao diwakar way in the villages of Mysore R H Despande District by opening Khadi Siaddappa kambli kendras, launching Harijan Siddappa hallikeri welfare programmes etc. Srinivas rao mangalvadhe, Subramanya , International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(2), April-June, 2015

Sowcar Chennaiah, Conclusion: Thus in Karnataka Veerannagowda, nationalist awakening was slow to .Dasappa H .C take an explicit character because Siddaiah H of the rule of Maharaja in one All of these & a host of others hand & imperative control of appealed to people to join in British on the other. The move constructive activities91. In 1920, towards Unification integrated Karnataka State Political itself with Nationalist Movement Conference was held at Dharwad. because of the measured activities At this conference, which was of these committed leaders who presided over by V. P. Madhav successfully ignited the Rao, a unanimous resolution was consciousness of people to unite passed demanding the unification together & fight for united India. of all Kannada speaking areas92. Table: 1. List of Women Freedom Fighters Name of freedom fighter Place of hailing Susheelamma bellare Bellary Umabai Kundapura Hubli Krishnabai Panjekar Honnavara Kamaladevi Chattopadhaya Mangalore Yashodhara Dasappa Bangalore Tayamma Veeranna gowda Mysore Mahadevitayi Doddamane Hubli Bellary Siddamma Bellary Gowramma Venkataramayya Mysore Bommakka Kanagil Hubli Nagamma Patil Dharawada Vishalakshamma patail Dharawada Subbammma jois Sirsi Lakshamma Gurupada rao Jamkhandi Padamavathi bidri Jamakahandi Sarvamangala byrappa Sirsi Bhavani bai Sirsi Sarojamma srinivasachhar Hubli Jayalakishmi bai Bellary Hemavathi Gopalayya Hubli Shakunthala kurthakoti Belgaum Anuasuya ramarao Belgaum Sowbhagya Srikanthaiah Belgaum

International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(2), April-June, 2015

References Heidelberg, September 9 - 14, 2002 PP1-2 1. Gayathri J. V.- Vernacular Newspapers and Periodicals:- 6. Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) - Their Influence on Modernity, A Concise History of Reforms and Trends in Karnataka : from pre-historic Nineteenth-Century Mysore. times to the present. 17th European Conference on Bangalore: Jupiter books Modern South Asian Studies 7. Manor, James (1975), "Princely Heidelberg, September 9 - 14, Mysore before the Storm: The 2002 PP1-2 State-Level Political System of 2. Brown, Judith M., 'Gandhi and India's Model State, 1920- Civil Resistance in India, 1917– 1936", Modern Asian Studies 9 47', Civil Resistance and Power (1): 31–58 JSTOR , pp 1-22 Politics: The Experience of 8. Sarojini Shintri, & K. Non-violent Action from Raghavendra Rao. Women Gandhi to the Present. Oxford freedom fighters of Karnataka & New York: Oxford 1985 Published by Karnataka University Press, 2009 University prasaranga 3. Kumarappa B. Gandhiji’s dharwad Autobiography, Pub. Navajan , 9. Shivarudrappa & Dr. Ahmedabad Ch. XVI, Page 275. Puttaraju -Press And Public 4. Iyengar A ,S. , Role of Press Opinion : The Role Of Kannada and Indian Freedom Struggle : News Papers In Northern All through the Gandhian Era Karnataka Region APH, 2001, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 5. Gayathri J. V.- Vernacular Invention Volume 2 Issue 10 Newspapers and Periodicals:- Their Influence on Modernity, October. 2013 Reforms and Trends in 10. Wolpert, Stanley A. Gandhi's Nineteenth-Century Mysore. Passion: The Life and Legacy 17th European Conference on of Mahatma Gandhi (2002) Modern South Asian Studies