DOCSLIB.ORG

Double Standards in Florida Legislature: the Influence of Domestic Violence on Florida’S Self Defense Laws

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Double Standards in Florida Legislature: the Influence of Domestic Violence on Florida’S Self Defense Laws 1 DOUBLE STANDARDS IN FLORIDA LEGISLATURE: THE INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON FLORIDA’S SELF DEFENSE LAWS Janaki Padmakumar 2019 Undergraduate Honors Thesis University of Florida Department of Criminology and Law Thesis advisor: Dr. Lonn Lanza Kaduce 2 Introduction In 2005, the Florida Legislature passed a series of amendments to self-defense laws in the state of Florida, which collectively is commonly referred to as the ‘Stand Your Ground Laws’. The Stand Your Ground legislation was incorporated into Chapter 776 of the Florida Statutes on Justifiable Use of Force1. Although the chapter covers both lethal and nonlethal use of force, the focus of this paper is on protections for those arguing the right to use deadly or lethal force while waiving their common law duty to retreat. While this statute provides defending parties with broader self-defense arguments, the Stand Your Ground law fails to adequately protect the demographic which the Florida Legislature relied upon to write Chapter 776. Specifically, Stand Your Ground as it is known today in Florida evolved in the wake of legal precedent created by a series of domestic violence cases, in which battered partners attacked within a shared household by a co-occupant aggressor subsequently retaliated with deadly force to defend themselves, thus expanding the boundaries of pre-existing common law governing the duty to retreat, and the justifiable use of force against a legal co-occupant of a shared dwelling. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how the common law provisions regarding the use of lethal force in self-defense including the castle doctrine, were expanded through domestic violence cases prior to Chapter 776 of the Florida Statute, which grants those arguing the right to stand their ground against an assailant immunity from prosecution and civil liability. This paper will also address the barriers created by the current phrasing of the Stand Your Ground law for survivors of domestic violence, specifically how the statutory requirements of reasonable fear of harm, reasonable belief of imminent harm or death, and the necessity of an injunction or pretrial order against co-occupant aggressors exclude victims of domestic violence from stand your ground protections by creating legal barriers. To understand the current Stand Your Ground Laws, it is necessary to briefly review legal developments in self-defense pertaining to retreat, the castle doctrine, and Stand Your Ground over time, as well as consider the law in context of growing awareness and understanding of domestic violence. This will lead 1 For the purposes of this paper, ‘Stand Your Ground’ laws and ‘Chapter 776’ will be used interchangeably to refer to the set of statutes in Chapter 776 of the Florida Statutes. 3 to a discussion of the implications of Stand Your Ground for domestic violence cases involving co-habitants and/or invited guests of defending parties. Overview of Common Law Self-Defense Samaha outlines four basic common law components to criminal self-defense2. The first component is nonaggression, meaning that the defending party did not start or provoke the attack. The second requirement is necessity, which requires defenders to only use force or deadly force if they have a reasonable belief that force is needed to repel imminent or immediate harm. The third requirement is proportionality, i.e. that defending parties should not use lethal force unless it is absolutely necessary; they should use nondeadly force first, and not resort to the use of excessive force. The last requirement is that of reasonable belief, which requires defenders to reasonably believe that deadly force is necessary to repel an imminent attack. The castle doctrine and the Florida Stand Your Ground laws build upon the fundamentals of common law self-defense provisions, but further extends these basic provisions to create protections for persons using defensive force within their homes, which oftentimes covers cases of domestic violence self-defense. The Castle Doctrine In the state of Florida, Stand Your Ground refers to a set of statutes which were passed into state legislature in 2005. The purpose of these statutes is to eliminate a persons’ duty to retreat prior to using lethal force if the person is in his/her home, workplace or vehicle3. Stand Your Ground was created by extending the Castle Doctrine, which originated in 13th century English Common Law. During the 13th century, English jurists discuss two clearly defined categories to differentiate justifiable and excusable homicides. Justifiable homicide at the time was defined the killing of a human being to further “royal justice” and included instances such as executing a 2 Samaha, Joel. “Criminal Law”, 12th ed. (2017) at 166 3 Catalfamo, Christine. "Stand Your Ground: Florida's Castle Doctrine for The Twenty First Century." Rutgers Journal of Law and Public Policy 4, no. 3 (2007): 504-45. HeinOnline. 4 felon or outlaw, or killing a felon resisting capture4. Both instances demonstrate a treasonous act against the crown, and therefore are subjected to royal justice. Excusable homicide was defined as a killing “by misadventure or self-defense”5, meaning that a person who killed another to save his own life would be convicted of murder and sentenced to death, unless he was pardoned by the King. While a pardon from the King resulted in acquittal for excusable homicides, the accused would oftentimes be required to forfeit his chattel and possessions as punishment for taking another life, even if a pardon was granted6. While the categories of justifiable and excusable homicide created clear guidelines for what constituted punishable and pardonable homicide offenses, a third ambiguous category also existed, which was reserved for cases in which a homeowner or landlords killed persons who invaded their household7. This third ambiguous category of killing a home invader was moved to justifiable homicides by the 16th century8 where it forms a foundation for the Castle Doctrine, since it becomes legally permissible for the owner of the house to exercise lethal force against a home invader, even though there are no explicit mentions of a duty to retreat. However, in the 18th century, the distinction between justifiable homicide and self- defense was changed to differentiate lawful from unlawful killings. Blackstone, argued in Commentaries on the Laws of England (1769) that there were two primary categories of lawful killings, a crime per infortunium and se defendendo9. Blackstone defines per infortinium as a crime that occurs while a man performing a lawful act kills another without the intent to cause harm, i.e. the act itself is lawful and the resulting death is accidental10. However, Blackstone clarifies that if immoderate or disproportionate force is used in performing a lawful act of punishment (such as a parent disciplining a child or an officer punishing a criminal), then the act 4 Epps, Garrett. "Any Which Way But Loose: Interpretive Strategies and Attitudes Toward Violence in the Evolution of the Anglo-American Retreat Rule." Law and Contemporary Problems 55, no. 1 (2013): 303-331. 5 Epps, Garrett. "Any Which Way But Loose” 6 Ibid 7 Ibid 8 Ibid 9 "Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England Book the Fourth - Chapter the Fourteenth: Of Homicide." The Avalon Project - Laws of War: Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October 18, 1907. Accessed November 30, 2018. 10 "Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England Book the Fourth - Chapter the Fourteenth: Of Homicide." 5 is criminal11. Se defendendo crimes involve individuals defending themselves from assault in cases of “sudden broil or quarrel” by killing their assailant12. Se defendendo, or self-defense, is differentiated from justifiable homicides to execute the King’s justice because the right to self- defense does not entail the right to attack. Rather, it was justifiable to use lethal force for self- defense if and only if the person had attempted to retreat first. Catalfamo explains that in English common law, the use of self-defense was strictly restricted to cases invoking the necessity doctrine13, meaning that the duty to retreat is paramount. Those invoking the necessity doctrine were legally required to retreat as much as possible, and only after exhausting their ability to retreat could they retaliate with force. Blackstone referred to the ‘chance-medley’ circumstances and argued that, in instances of “mutual quarrel”, the difficulty of determining fault for cases involving a defender and assailant who knew each other outweighed any possible benefits14; therefore, the duty to retreat was paramount. The defense of habitation doctrine was the only situation exempting individuals from retreating before using lethal force. In this doctrine, a person attacked within their home has the right to use lethal force against their assailant to prevent the commission of a felony within the dwelling15, thus creating a significant difference between using force to protect oneself and protecting one’s home against intrusion or violence. This principle evolved from homes being used as “holds of defense” in times of conflict; if a man barred entry into his fortress, then he had a right to retaliate with force if aggressors attempted to enter16. This evolution of common law which waived the requirement to retreat prior to using lethal force in instances of aggression toward persons in their domicile became the castle doctrine. This understanding of the castle doctrine did not clarify obligations of retreating if cohabitants were aggressors; 11 Ibid 12 Ibid 13 Catalfamo, Christine. "Stand Your Ground: Florida's Castle Doctrine for The Twenty First Century." 14 "Blackstone's Commentaries” The ambiguity of fault and initial aggression is a topic that oftentimes creates difficulty in determining which party is to blame for the use of initial force in situations of domestic violence. 15 Carpenter, Catherine L. "Of the Enemy Within, Castle Doctrine, and Self Defense." Marquette Law Review, 4th ser., 86 (Spring 2003): 654-700.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GOOD PRACTICE in ADDRESSING SEXUALISED VIOLENCE: Guidelines Document GOOD PRACTICE in ADDRESSING SEXUALISED VIOLENCE Guidelines Document
    WWP EN GOOD PRACTICE IN ADDRESSING SEXUALISED VIOLENCE: Guidelines Document GOOD PRACTICE IN ADDRESSING SEXUALISED VIOLENCE Guidelines Document Authors: Kate Iwi, Nathan Eisenstadt Year of publication: 2020 Editors: Alessandra Pauncz, Sandra Jovanović Belotić, Anna McKenzie With financial support from the “Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme 2014-2020” of the European Union This publication has been produced with the financial support of the “Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme 2014-2020” of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. CONTENT GOOD PRACTICE IN ADDRESSING SEXUALISED VIOLENCE: GUIDELINES DOCUMENT ......................................... 2 IMPACTS ON PRACTITIONERS .......................................................................................................................... 2 STANCE .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORMS, EXPECTATIONS AND BELIEFS .............................................................................................................................. 7 EXERCISES FOR WORKER PREPARATION AND ONGOING WELLBEING ............................................................... 9 SCRUTINISE YOUR BELIEFS AND EXPECTATIONS .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Cross-Cultural Workers Ought to Know About Guilt
    Of course, you may feel guilty • Temptation. Although we are never hardened,” making you much less likely to do What Cross-Cultural because you are guilty, and that is good. promised that we will be beyond something about the sin. Workers Ought to Know Although the Bible says much about being temptation, cross-cultural workers may about Guilt guilty, it says little about feeling guilty. If you feel guilty for being tempted to lie, cheat, Are guilt feelings worse for cross- feel guilty because you are guilty, you just or be sexually unfaithful. cultural workers? need to do something about the sin. However, Shame, rather than guilt, often brings on many people feel guilty without being guilty. these guilt feelings. Guilt means that you Guilt feelings may be worse for cross- Lately you have been feeling guilty, In fact, the guilt feelings may even be have broken Gods command, fallen short of cultural workers because of some special but are not sure why. People are suffering. stronger when there is no guilt. Here are a his expectations. Shame means that you have situations. They are dying without Christ. Your work few examples of things other than sin that may fallen short of the expectations of someone • Living standards. Some cross-cultural seems to make little difference. You are produce guilt feelings: other than God. It may have begun when you workers live quite affluently compared to having difficulty maintaining a consistent • Falling short of your own expectations. walked through a mud puddle, soiling your the people they minister to, and may feel devotional life.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Investigation of Survivor Guilt Among Vietnam Veteran Medical Personnel
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1991 A Comparative Investigation of Survivor Guilt Among Vietnam Veteran Medical Personnel Maurice E. Kaufman Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Kaufman, Maurice E., "A Comparative Investigation of Survivor Guilt Among Vietnam Veteran Medical Personnel" (1991). Dissertations. 3177. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3177 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1991 Maurice E. Kaufman I\ L-U.M.Pl\RAliVE lNVESTlGATIUN OF SURVlVUH GUILT AM.UNG VIETNAM VEfEHAN MEDICAL PERSONNEL by .Maur·lce E. Kautrw:ln A Vls1:;er· tn ti on 0u bmi t ted to the faculty of the Gt adua te ;ic hcml nf Edu cat; ton o.t Loyola lJni ver-s l Ly of Lhi cago J.n Par·tlal Fulf:lil1oe11t ot the RequirP.ruents •• tor toe IJPp;n:>e oJ IJoctrw o1 Educa.ticm May l 9'J l ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Manuel Silverman tor giving me the opportunity and independence to pursue various ideas, and for valuable discussions throughout my graduate studies. I am obliged to recognize Dr. Ronald Morgan and Dr. Terry Williams for their useful discussions along with their contributions to this project, without which it would not have been completed.
    [Show full text]
  • Guilt Trips to Powerful Governments and Organizations That Are in a Position to Do Something to Stop the Bad Stuff
    Blood Money By Martin Rapaport Posted: 11/5/1999 12:54 PM By Martin Rapaport I first heard this phrase from my father. He was talking about the war — about his experience in German concentration camps. Blood money was bad money — the worst kind of money. Money you didn’t want anything to do with. Money with the stench of death. Hassidic Rabbis, Zen Masters and quite a few people in between believe that money has its own energy or karma. Good, honestly earned money, preferably tithed, tends to multiply and bring its owners good things. Bad money may look good, but doesn’t last and ultimately harms its owners. While the philosophy of money is complex and debatable, the bottom line is simple and obvious. People have to take responsibility for how they earn and spend their money. In this article we analyze a most difficult and horrifying topic — war in Africa and the role that diamonds play in fueling these wars. This is not a comfortable subject. The stories are shocking and the human tragedy undeniable. For the sake of humanity and our own morality, we must take a hard look at the facts and develop an understanding of the role that our industry must play to help alleviate the intolerable suffering in Africa. In many ways Africa is the last frontier — the last continent to come of age politically, socially and economically. We can blame the colonists who drew arbitrary maps playing off ethnic tribal groups, or the corrupt black leaders who steal their citizens’ daily bread.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Noise: Children's Voices for Positive Change After Sexual Abuse
    Making Noise: Children’s voices for positive change after sexual abuse Children’s experiences of help-seeking and support after sexual abuse in the family environment Camille Warrington with Helen Beckett, Elizabeth Ackerley, Megan Walker and Debbie Allnock Each circle shown here (and on the inside back cover) was contributed by (and represents) an individual interview or focus group participant. Covers_montage.indd 1 19/04/17 11:23 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 6 Executive Summary 7 1. Introduction 13 1.1 Overview 14 1.2 Existing research on CSA 16 1.3 Report structure and overview 18 2. Methodology and ethics 21 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 Individual interviews with children and young people 22 2.3 Focus groups 32 2.4 Survey 33 2.5 Data recording and analysis 34 2.6 Methodological reflections 34 2.7 Ethics and research governance 35 3. Identification and disclosure of child sexual abuse in the family environment 37 3.1 Overview 39 3.2 Attitudes towards disclosure of child sexual abuse in the family environment 40 3.3 Delays to recognition and telling 41 3.4 Who children disclose to 42 3.5 Children’s decision-making processes 46 3.6 Prompts or catalysts for disclosure 55 3.7 Specific barriers to disclosure for particular groups of children 59 3.8 Recognition of abuse by others 65 3.9 The consequences of recognition and disclosure 67 3.10 Summary: supporting the early recognition of children’s experiences of abuse 69 CONTENTS 3 CONTENTS 4. Impact on, and role of, family and safe carers 71 4.1 Overview 73 4.2 The impacts on family members and family life 73 4.3 Young people’s sense of responsibility towards family 80 4.4 Support to parents and families 82 4.5 Children’s involvement with care systems 84 4.6 Summary: recognising support to families and carers as critical 88 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Cheat Sheet: Daughters of Narcissistic Mothers Survival Guide
    DAUGHTERS OF NARCISSISTIC MOTHERS SURVIVAL GUIDE ©TerriCole 2017 www.terricole.com CHEAT SHEET D A U G H T E R S O F N A R C I S S I S T I C M O T H E R S S U R V I V A L G U I D E Does your mother guilt trip you or emotionally blackmail you? Does she act competitively with you or take credit for your talent or accomplishments? I promise you, if you have a narcissistic mother, you absolutely know it. It is incredibly painful, especially to be the daughter of a narcissistic mother. But it is possible to survive and even thrive after this experience. Check out this guide below and let it inform and inspire you to begin the healing process now. Behaviors of Narcissistic Mothers Utilizes emotional blackmail: They really play the guilt card to their advantage. Narcissistic mothers don't want you to have an independent life from them. They guilt trip you because they want complete control over you and your behavior. They will also tell you all the things they gave up for you and did for you, so now you "owe them" because of that. Punishing: Another behavior is that they will withdraw love if you don't do what they say. A narcissistic mother's love is absolutely conditional. They will give you the silent treatment or punish you if you don't do as they want. Competitive: Narcissistic mothers are in competition with their daughters. Anything you've done, your mother has done more of and better.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guilt Trip: Expressivism, Moral Judgment, and Basic Emotions*
    A Guilt Trip: Expressivism, Moral Judgment, and Basic Emotions* Jay Odenbaugh Associate Professor Lewis & Clark College [email protected] December 14, 2014 1 Introduction In this essay, I first sketch Allan Gibbard's (1992) norm expressivism. Sec- ond, I consider Shaun Nichols' (2004) critique of Gibbard's account of moral judgment. In essence, Nichols argues that since norm expressivism assumes moral judgment requires the experience and attribution of guilt and that chil- dren younger than 7 - 8 cannot experience and attribute guilt, then they can- not make moral judgments. However, he contends that they can given that they can pass the moral/conventional task. Thus, Gibbard's norm expressivist account of moral judgment is fatally flawed. Third, I provide a response on behalf of Gibbard. Fourth, I conclude with an account of guilt as an emotion. *Thanks to participants at the PSA session specifically Edouard Machery, Grant Ram- sey, and Caitlin O'Connor. Additionally, I thank colleagues John Fritzman, Joel Martinez, William Rottschaefer, and Nicholas D. Smith at Lewis & Clark College for their feedback. Finally, I would to thank Harris Rosenbaum, Gabe Ruimy, and Cory Wilson for their work with me on a Mellon Faculty-Student Research Grant. 1 2 Norm Expressivism Allan Gibbard writes, Narrowly moral judgments are not feelings but judgments of what moral feelings it is rational to have. Feelings, we think, can be apt or not, and moral judgments of when guilt or resentment are apt. (1992, 6) A simple minded emotivism might hold the following: One judges an action morally wrong if, and only if, one would feel guilty for doing it.
    [Show full text]
  • Exercise: How Do We Use Our Body Lovelessly?
    EXERCISE: HOW DO WE USE OUR BODY LOVELESSLY? The body is nothing but a projected image, with no ability to change of its own accord. All changes in the body are directed by the mind. As long as we think we’re a body, our body is used by the ego. This way, unconscious guilt is projected onto the body so it suffers and dies. This is the ego’s extreme deception, orchestrated to hide our true Identity from our awareness. How have you allowed the ego to use the body for unconscious self-attack? You cannot heal until you see it, and willingly join with Spirit to exchange self-attack for miracles. This is a process of discovery. We work with Spirit to raise our awareness of all the ways we have unknowingly abused the body in pursuit of the ego’s goals. We may find we have been dishonest with our Holy Self.Perhaps we have abandoned or betrayed our self. As you realize these betrayals, you may feel sadness or grief at the recognition you have abandoned your self and body. This is good. You may want to sincerely apologize to the body for scapegoating it—after all, you’ve unfairly blamed it for all the things it never did. It was never the cause of pain, illness, appetites, addictions, sabotage, or anything else. As you come to recognize for yourself that the ego in the mind tells the body what to do, you can consciously withdraw your projections and judgments from the body. Now you can enter a truly Loving agreement with the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Gangs and Guilt: Towards a New Theory of Horror Film
    Gangs and Guilt: Towards a New Theory of Horror Film “Horror films give us back our sins as monsters.” (Sam J. Miller) Horror films are always about something being dismissed that needs to be taken seriously. Scholarship is virtually unanimous in its belief that that something is fear: “If it is the movie’s aim to terrify, horrify or frighten, it qualifies as a horror production.”1 To some extent, this is simply a tautology that muddies the waters by conflating horror as an experience with horror as a genre:2 if ‘horror’ as an emotion can be defined as “what we feel when anything frightens us or promotes fear or terror,”3 it follows that horror as a genre is all about, to cite Hantke’s title, Creating and Marketing Fear. Scholars of horror have differed widely on what kinds of fear exactly the horror film evokes—the list here ranges from formless fears (with “Fear of death and the unknown”4 ranking right at the top) to concrete social and political fears5 such as atomic anxieties6 and World War III panic7—, and they have investigated different reasons why viewers might agree to expose themselves to such 1 Muir 1. This assumption is so a priori that it remains unstated in many sources, although it is also an exceedingly common statement. Stephen King, an undisputed expert on the theme, has described “Horror, terror, fear, panic” as the province of the horror genre (Danse Macabre 26). Scholars have overwhelmingly agreed with him. A small and random sample of scholarly works casting fear as the central mover and shaker of horror might include Büssing; Cantor / Oliver 64-67; Clemens 1-2; Cowan 5-18; Derry, Dark Dreams 2.0 110, 363-4, and “More Dark Dreams” 162; Fahy, “Introduction” 1-2; Grant’s “Introduction” to Planks of Reason, xii-xiii; Grodal 249; Hanich’s Pleasurable Fear; Hantke, Horror Film: Creating and Marketing Fear; Hutchings 7 and 81; Manchel, Terrors of the Screen; Prawer’s The Film as Tale of Terror; Sipos 5; Schomacker; Spehr; Telotte, “Through a Pumpkin’s Eye” 116-17; D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Psychosocial Study of Guilt and Shame in White South African Migrants to Australia Gavin Ivey and Christopher Sonn Institute O
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Victoria University Eprints Repository Guilt and Shame 1 A Psychosocial Study of Guilt and Shame in White South African Migrants to Australia Gavin Ivey and Christopher Sonn Institute of Health and Sport College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University Australia Guilt and Shame 2 Abstract Despite recent research interest in migrant psychology, little attention has been paid to the emotional reactions of guilt and shame resulting from migrants’ decision to leave their homeland. Universalist theories have yielded to an understanding of emotions as culturally contextualised and interpersonally constituted phenomena. For reasons associated with South Africa’s racial history and the social dynamics following the 1994 transition to democracy, some white migrants from this country display specific manifestations of guilt and shame related to their migration decision. Using a psychosocial research approach, 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with white South Africans who migrated to Australia following the democratic transition. Explicit and implicit expressions of migration-induced guilt and shame were evident in many research participants. In addition to guilt associated with leaving loved ones to an uncertain future, participants reported complex admixtures of guilt and shame at having been apartheid beneficiaries, internalising racist attitudes, and ‘abandoning’ their motherland at a critical historical juncture. Disavowed guilt and shame was evident in some participants, indicating defensive efforts to avoid acknowledging and experiencing these painful emotional states. Keywords: guilt, shame, migrants, Apartheid, whiteness, identity, South Africa, psychosocial research Guilt and Shame 3 Leaving one’s homeland to settle in a new country evokes powerful and complex emotional responses, in those migrating as well as in those remaining behind.
    [Show full text]
  • What Do I Do Now?
    What Do I Do Now? A RESOURCE GUIDE FOR PARENTS EXPERIENCING PROBLEMS WITH THEIR CHILDREN Prepared by the Onondaga County Department of Probation Joanne M. Mahoney, County Executive About This Guide... This resource guide is for parents who are experiencing problems with their children and need to know how and where to begin to look for help. This guide is meant as a starting point and should not be taken as a comprehensive guide to all services offered in Onondaga County. We have included agencies that should be able to direct you in your search for help. Many of these agencies have numerous programs; not all programs are listed. The agencies listed can make a determination of eligibility and appropriateness for a given service and can help you with referrals. Sometimes it is difficult to fit a child’s problem into a particular category. Your child may have several issues occurring at the same time. We have divided the guide into several different sections, but it may be helpful to read through the descriptions under all the headings to see which services might best help your child. The Onondaga County Helpline, www.ongov.net/Helpline, is a free resource that provides human service and referral information 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Behavior Problems All youth exhibit behavior problems at times. However, when it reaches a stage where it disrupts the child’s education, the well being of the family and the child’s safety, families often need help to bring the situation under control. Examples of severe behavior problems include chronic truancy, curfew problems, and/or severe, disruptive, or aggressive behavior at school or at home, and runaway behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Psychological Manipulation? Subject What Is Psychological
    What Is Psychological Manipulation? Subject What Is Psychological Manipulation? From Oliver Crangle Date Fri, 15 Nov 2013 19:50:45 -0800 PST Newsgroups alt.mindcontrol Psychological manipulation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Psychological manipulation is a type of social influence that aims to change the perception or behavior of others through underhanded, deceptive, or even abusive tactics.[1] By advancing the interests of the manipulator, often at another's expense, such methods could be considered exploitative, abusive, devious and deceptive. Social influence is not necessarily negative. For example, doctors can try to persuade patients to change unhealthy habits.. Social influence is generally perceived to be harmless when it respects the right of the influenced to accept or reject and is not unduly coercive. Depending on the context and motivations, social influence may constitute underhanded manipulation. Contents 1 Requirements for successful manipulation 2 How manipulators control their victims 2.1 According to Braiker 2.2 According to Simon 3 Vulnerabilities exploited by manipulators 4 Motivations of manipulators 5 Psychological conditions of manipulators 6 See also 7 References 8 Other references 8.1 Books 8.2 Academic journals 1) Requirements for successful manipulation According to psychology author George K. Simon, successful psychological manipulation primarily involves the manipulator: - concealing aggressive intentions and behaviors. - knowing the psychological vulnerabilities of the victim to determine what tactics are likely to be the most effective. - having a sufficient level of ruthlessness to have no qualms about causing harm to the victim if necessary. Consequently the manipulation is likely to be accomplished through covert aggressive (relational aggressive or passive aggressive) means.[2] 2.
    [Show full text]