The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theology Papers and Journal Articles School of Theology 2007 Classified timelines of ernacularv liturgy: Responsibility timelines & vernacular liturgy Russell Hardiman University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theo_article Part of the Religion Commons This article was originally published as: Hardiman, R. (2007). Classified timelines of vernacular liturgy: Responsibility timelines & vernacular liturgy. Pastoral Liturgy, 38 (1). This article is posted on ResearchOnline@ND at https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theo_article/9. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Classified Timelines of Vernacular Liturgy: Responsibility Timelines & Vernacular Liturgy Russell Hardiman Subject area: 220402 Comparative Religious Studies Keywords: Vernacular Liturgy; Pastoral vision of the Second Vatican Council; Roman Policy of a single translation for each language; International Committee of English in the Liturgy (ICEL); Translations of Latin Texts Abstract These timelines focus attention on the use of the vernacular in the Roman Rite, especially developed in the Renewal and Reform of the Second Vatican Council. The extensive timelines have been broken into ten stages, drawing attention to a number of periods and reasons in the history of those eras for the unique experience of vernacular liturgy and the issues connected with it in the Western Catholic Church of our time. The role and function of International Committee of English in the Liturgy (ICEL) over its forty year existence still has a major impact on the way we worship in English. This article deals with the restructuring of ICEL which had been the centre of much controversy in recent years and now operates under different protocols. List of Abbreviations ACBC Australian Catholic Bishops Conference CDF Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith CDW Congregation for Divine Worship CDWDS Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of Sacraments CSL Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy CCC Catechism of the Catholic Church DOL Documents on the Liturgy GIRM General Instruction of the Roman Missal ICEL International Commission for English in the Liturgy NCCB National Conference of Catholic Bishops NEC National Episcopal Conference PLC Preparatory Liturgical Commission for Vatican II RMEC Roman Missal Editorial Committee within the Executive of ICEL SCDW Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship SCR Sacred Congregation of Rites USA NCCB USA National Conference of Catholic Bishops USCCB United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Stage One Bridging the centuries 16th C From the time of the Council of Trent (1545-1563) it was the responsibility of the bishops of a particular country to determine vernacular texts of the Bible. 1882 The Benedictine Abbey of Maredsous published a French Missal for the people. 1884 The Benedictine Abbey of Beuron in Germany published a German Missal for the people that became known for its editor as the Schott buch. 1898 The Holy Office removed the censure of the Index of Forbidden Books on translations of the Roman Missal. 1940 The first Liturgical Week was held in the United States beginning a systematic sequence of liturgical education for many levels of participants. 1942 Distribution to American troops of a camouflage coloured canvas edition of Father Hoever’s Sunday Missal, I Pray the Mass, a vernacular edition with parallel Latin and English texts of the Mass and popular prayers. 1943 The Centre for Pastoral Liturgy was established at the Institut Catholique in Paris. Approval from Rome of the German Singmesse, after being used for over a hundred years. This was a form of sung Mass where Latin texts such as the Gloria or Creed were replaced by German hymns of that theme. 1947 Pope Pius XII and the Sacred Congregation of Rites (SCR) approved substantial use of the vernacular in various sacraments, so that the Roman Ritual was published in bilingual editions. The Notre Dame University began the School of Liturgical Studies which became the first Liturgical Institute in the English speaking world. Pius XII issued the encyclical Mediator Dei, which was the first encyclical to deal specifically with the Liturgy and which helped bring the Liturgical Movement to the mainstream life of the Church. The German Bishops set up the Liturgische Institut in the city of Trier on the Mosel River. 1950s Popularisation of the use of Sunday and Daily Missals for praying the Mass with the priest using parallel columns in Latin and the vernacular. Most Missals were adaptations of the original French, German or Belgian editions and commentary prepared by the Benedictine monasteries. 1951 Pope Pius XII proclaimed the Restored Order of the Easter Vigil. 1953 Pope Pius XII changed the eucharistic fast from midnight to three hours before communion, to encourage more frequent communion. 1955 Pope Pius XII proclaimed the Restored Rites of Holy Week to be used by the universal Latin rite. Pope Pius XII published a simplification of the rubrics of the Roman Missal and Roman Breviary. 1956 In Assisi was held the first International Congress of Pastoral Liturgy which included an audience with Pope Pius XII in Rome where the Pope called the Liturgical Movement a ‘sign of the movement of the Holy Spirit’. 1957 Publication of the Instruction of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, Musicam Sacram, which confirmed Pope Pius X's guidelines for the use of Gregorian Chant and also for the introduction of the Dialogue Mass, in which the congregation could make the responses of the Common of the Mass and recite the antiphons of the Proper using Missals simultaneously with the priest. 1960 Pope John XXIII published a simplification of the rubrics of the Roman Breviary and a new Typical Edition of the Roman Missal was published in 1962, [this is the Roman Missal Pope Benedict XVI has approved for the extraordinary use of the Latin Mass]. Stage Two The Second Vatican Council 1.2.1962 Submission of the draft Liturgy Constitution by Cardinal Gaetano Cicognani as President of the Preparatory Liturgical Commission (PLC) to the General Secretariat of the Second Vatican Council. Cicognani died five days later. 22.2.1961 Cardinal Larraona was appointed Cardinal Prefect of the SCR and the President of the PLC. The Apostolic Constitution, Veterum Sapientia, of Pope John XXIII encouraged the study of Latin in the Liturgy. 4.12.1963 The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (CSL) Sacrosanctum Concilium, was promulgated at the Concluding Session of the Second Session of Vatican II. The key principles, affirming the use of the vernacular as the prime medium of active participation were expressed in §14, §36, §36.1, §36.2, §54, §63a [On the floor of the Council the presenter noted there was no intent to exclude any part of the Mass; parts such as the Roman Canon would require further permission from Rome]. Stage Three The Consilium to implement the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy 3.1.1964 Father Annibale Bugnini was called by Cardinal Amleto Cicognani, the Secretary of State, who informed him that the Holy Father had nominated him as Secretary of a Commission to actuate the CSL 13.1.1964 The letter from the Secretariat of State to institute the Consilium to implement the CSL with Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro, Archbishop of Bologna as President and Bugnini as Secretary. 25.1.1964 Pope Paul VI published a Motu Proprio, Sacram Liturgiam establishing the Congregation for Divine Worship (CDW) with three internal divisions to replace the SCR, formed in 1588, to work in collaboration with the Consilium to implement the changes flowing from the principles of the Vatican Council’s Constitution. 22.4.1964 A resolution of the juridical problems in publishing liturgical documents between the relative authorities of the Consilium and the CDW was achieved by an arrangement whereby the signature of the President of the Consilium was printed on the left side of the page but without a signature of the Secretary, while on the right was printed the President and Secretary of the CDW. 16.10.1964 Letter of Cardinal Lercaro of the Consilium to Presidents of Episcopal Conferences of countries that share the same language, (namely English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch) that the will of the Consilium was that a single text in each language be set up and used for the vernacular in each countries. April 1965 First issue of the journal NOTITIAE, being the official journal of the Consilium to publish the decrees and decisions of the Consilium and to publish feedback and observations from Bishops’ Conferences about the introduction of the vernacular in the liturgy and the formation of the people of their country. Stage Four National initiatives with vernacular liturgy 4.3.1964 Imprimatur granted by Cardinal Gilroy of Sydney to affirm a selection of Propers of Masses for St Francis Xavier, St Brigid, St Ignatius, St Patrick, St Peter Aloysius Mary Chanel, Our Lady Help of Christians, St Columba, St Oliver Plunkett, St Therese of the Child Jesus to be inserted in a joint publication of an English language Roman Missal for use at the altar in several countries eg including Proper Masses for Canada. 15.4.1964 Approval of Mass Texts by Canadian Episcopal Conference (English Section) to be inserted in joint Altar Missal in English publication. 15.6.1964 Confirmation by the Holy See of the Canadian English texts for the joint publication. 21.11.1964 Imprimatur granted by Archbishop George Flahiff csb of Winnepeg for Canadian texts. 27.11.1964 Approval of the Holy See with special adaptations for Australian calendar of feasts. December 1964 Release of the Roman Missal in English, a publication by Benziger Brothers of New York, with special supplements for Canada, Australia, South Africa. The fully bound altar edition had over 1100 pages, complete with ribbons and thumb tabs.