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Gastropoda: Cassidae) Nos Recifes Do Cabo Branco, Joao˜ Pessoa, Pb

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Gastropoda: Cassidae) Nos Recifes Do Cabo Branco, Joao˜ Pessoa, Pb ASPECTOS POPULACIONAIS E CARACTER´ISTICAS DO MICROHABITAT´ DE CASSIS TUBEROSA LINNAEUS, 1758 (GASTROPODA: CASSIDAE) NOS RECIFES DO CABO BRANCO, JOAO˜ PESSOA, PB M. H. Feitosa1* T. L. P. Dias1; S. R. Oliveira1; L. C. S. Lopez2 1Universidade Estadual da Para´ıba,Departamento de Biologia, Campus I, Bodocong´o,Campina Grande, PB. *E - mail: [email protected] 2Universidade Federal da Para´ıba,Departamento de Sistem´aticae Ecologia, Campus I, Jo~aoPessoa, PB. INTRODUC¸ AO˜ OBJETIVOS O presente estudo tem como objetivos: A fam´ıliaCassidae ´erepresentada no Brasil por seis esp´ecies - Caracterizar a estrutura de tamanho de C. tuberosa em distribu´ıdasem cinco g^eneros: Cassis, Cypraecassis, Scon- h´abitatnatural; sia, Semicassis e Casmaria (Rios, 1994). Destes, Cassis - Caracterizar o microhabitat de C. tuberosa no ambiente apresenta a esp´eciede maior porte. Na costa brasileira, o recifal; ´unico representante do g^enero´e Cassis tuberosa Linnaeus, 1758, esp´eciede grande porte que habita ´aguascosteiras rasas, sobre fundos arenosos com algas, sendo observada ´ ocasionalmente associada a recifes (Rios, 1994). Vive desde MATERIAL E METODOS a zona entremar´esat´e10m de profundidade (Leal, 2002). As coletas de dados foram realizadas na nos recifes do Cabo C. tuberosa distribui - se desde a Carolina do Norte (EUA), Branco, (7008'50"S, 34047'51"W), em Jo~aoPessoa-PB, en- passando pelo Caribe, Bermudas e Venezuela at´eo Brasil, tre novembro de 2008 e abril de 2009, em per´ıodo de mar´e onde ocorre do Maranh~aoao Sul da Bahia e no Arquip´elago baixa. Os recifes do Cabo Branco s~aocompostos basica- de Abrolhos (Rios, 1994). mente por aglomerados de rochas com crescimento de corais. Estendem - se desde a praia, adentrando por mais de 500 m As esp´eciesda fam´ıliaCassidae de um modo geral, devido `a para o oceano, formando v´ariaspiscinas naturais de ´aguas beleza de suas conchas, globalmente s~aoalvos de explora¸c~ao rasas e l´ımpidas,principalmente nos meses de ver~ao. Du- para fins ornamentais e, em algumas regi~oes,tamb´ems~ao rante a baixamar, a profundidade local varia entre 0,5 e 3,5 utilizadas na alimenta¸c~ao(Wood & Wells, 1988). No Brasil, m. esp´eciesde Cassidae tamb´emfazem parte do com´erciode or- Foram realizados 20 mergulhos livres (snorkelling) em ganismos ornamentais ao longo de toda a costa (Gasparini per´ıodos de busca de cerca de 4 horas. Quando avistados, et al., 005). Portador de uma concha grande e bela, C. os animais foram centralizados em um c´ırculocom 60 cm de tuberosa, tornou - se um dos gastr´opodes marinhos mais di^ametro.A ´areadelimitada pelo c´ırculofoi considerada seu explorados da costa brasileira (Alves et al., 006; Dias et microhabitat, dentro do qual foram obtidos dados abi´oticos al., 2009 - submetido). Por sua localiza¸c~aode f´acilacesso e bi´oticos,sendo eles: tamanho da concha (em cm), ativi- em ´aguas costeiras rasas, as popula¸c~oes naturais de C. dade que desempenhava no momento da avistagem, profun- tuberosa tornam - se bastante vulner´aveis `acaptura. Apesar didade (em m), intensidade da luz, declividade, complexi- disto, inexistem estudos sobre sua ecologia, sele¸c~aodo habi- dade e rugosidade do terreno onde o esp´ecime se encontrava. tat, din^amicapopulacional e suas intera¸c~oesna natureza Foi anotada ainda, a presen¸caou aus^enciade rocha s´olida, (Hughes & Hughes, 1971). algas calc´ariase algas n~ao- calc´arias,areia, faner´ogamas marinhas, esponjas e corais dentro do microhabitat deter- Nesse sentido, o presente estudo visa fornecer dados popu- minado. lacionais e do habitat de C. tuberosa na natureza, de forma A rela¸c~aoentre C. tuberosa e as caracter´ısticasdo micro- a fornecer subs´ıdios `aelabora¸c~aode estrat´egias de con- habitat obtidas foram ordenadas atrav´esde uma an´alise serva¸c~aodesta esp´eciee do seu ambiente natural. multivariada utilizando a dist^anciade Bray - Curtis. Os Anais do IX Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil, 13 a 17 de Setembro de 2009, S~aoLouren¸co- MG 1 dados obtidos foram organizados em planilhas do Excel e - Cassis tuberosa habita ´areasrasas, tipicamente na faixa analisados utilizando - se o Programa Statistica. intertidal, associada a ´areasrecifais; - A presen¸cade substrato arenoso parece ser um fator im- portante para o microhabitat da esp´ecie,principalmente em RESULTADOS per´ıodos de baixa atividade; Foi registrado um total de 39 avistagens de indiv´ıduosde - A popula¸c~aoavistada foi composta essencialmente por in- C. tuberosa, dentre os quais 74% apresentaram comprimento div´ıduosadultos; da concha >15 cm. De acordo com Rios (1994), C. tuberosa - C. tuberosa pode exibir atividade alimentar em per´ıodo pode atingir 23 cm de comprimento. No presente estudo, diurno. a maioria dos indiv´ıduospodem ser considerados adultos, - Indiv´ıduosativos estiveram mais associados `amicrohabi- de modo que, apenas 5% dos indiv´ıduos avistados tinham tats rochosos e de maior declividade. concha com tamanho entre 5 e 10 cm, sendo assim, consid- Agradecimetos erados indiv´ıduosjovens. Somos gratos a Luis Carlos (Pop), pela sua imensa ajuda Em 69% das avistagens, C. tuberosa foi encontrada em durante o trabalho de campo. profundidade inferior a 1 m. No momento da avistagem, a maioria dos indiv´ıduos estava em repouso sobre o sub- strato (41%) ou parcialmente enterrado (31%), e apenas REFERENCIASˆ 10% dos indiv´ıduosse apresentaram ativos. A ocorr^encia desta esp´ecieem ´aguasrasas do infralitoral j´afoi registrada Alves, M. S., Silva, M. A., Melo J´unior, M., na literatura (e.g. Matthews & Coelho, 1972), conforme Paranagu´a, M. N. & Pinto, S. L. 2006. Zooarte- o padr~aoregistrado neste estudo. Esta situa¸c~ao´eparticu- sanato comercializado em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Re- larmente preocupante, tendo em vista que esta esp´ecietem vista Brasileira de Zooci^encias8 (2): 99 - 109. grande valor comercial no com´erciode artesanatos marinhos Dias, T. L. P., Neto, N. A. L. & Alves, R. R. N. e ´ecapturada para este fim em v´ariosestados do nordeste 2009. Mollusks in the marine curio and souvenir trade in (Dias et al., 2009, submetido - PB; Alves et al., 006-PE; NE Brazil: composition of species and implications for their Farias & Barreira, 2007-CE) e do sudeste do Brasil (Gas- conservation and management. Biodiversity and Conserva- parini et al., 005). tion (Submetido). De um modo geral, C. tuberosa esteve mais associada a ambientes de fundo arenoso (71%), principalmente os in- Farias, M. F. & Rocha - Barreira, C. A. 2007. Con- div´ıduosde maior tamanho e sem atividade aparente. No chas de moluscos no artesanato cearense. Fortaleza: Nave, entanto, outros componentes do ambiente estiveram pre- 155 p. sentes no microhabitat de C. tuberosa, como rocha s´olida Gasparini, J. L., Floeter, S. E., Ferreira, C. E. L. (87%), algas calc´arias(69%) e algas n~aocalc´arias(92%). & Sazima, I. 2005. Marine ornamental trade in Brazil. A baixa atividade dos indiv´ıduos observada neste estudo Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 2883 - 2899. pode estar relacionada ao hor´ariodas observa¸c~oes,que foi Hughes, R. N. & Hughes, H. P. I. 1971. A study of the concentrado em per´ıodo diurno. Hughes & Hughes (1971) gastropod Cassis tuberosa (L.) preying upon sea urchins. estudaram o comportamento predat´oriode C. tuberosa so- Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 7: 305 bre ouri¸cos- do - mar e verificaram que a esp´ecie´emais - 314. ativa `anoite, quando ca¸casua presa. Segundo estes au- Leal, J. H. 2002. Gastropods. pp. 99 - 147. In: Car- tores, durante o dia, C. tuberosa raramente se movimenta, penter, K.E. (ed.) The living marine resources of permanecendo parcialmente enterrada em fundo arenoso. the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 1: Intro- No presente estudo, indiv´ıduos ativos estiveram mais asso- duction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, ciados `amicrohabitats rochosos e de maior declividade onde batoid fishes, and chimaeras. FAO Species Identifica- foram observados ca¸candoouri¸cos(Echinometra lucunter). tion Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of O registro de atividade diurna por alguns indiv´ıduossugere Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. que C. tuberosa pode, eventualmente, buscar presas durante Rome, FAO. 2002. pp. 1 - 600. o dia. Isto tamb´empode estar relacionado ao uso de mi- Matthews, H. R. & Coelho, A. C. S. 1972. Super- crohabitats rochosos e de maior declividade, tendo em vista fam´ıliaTonnacea do Brasil. IV-Fam´ıliaCassidae (Mollusca, que para predar os ouri¸cos, C. tuberosa precisa se aproximar Gastropoda). Arquivos de Ci^enciasdo Mar 12 (1): 1 - 16. das rochas, que s~aoos locais de ocorr^enciade suas presas. Rios, E. 1994. Seashells of Brazil. 2nd Edition, FURG, Rio Grande. 368p. CONCLUSAO˜ Wood, E. & Wells, S. 1988. The marine curio trade: conservation issues. A report for the Marine Conservation Com base neste estudo, podemos concluir que: Society, UK. 120p. Anais do IX Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil, 13 a 17 de Setembro de 2009, S~aoLouren¸co - MG 2.
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