DOCSLIB.ORG

Biochemical and Serological Comparison of Selected Vibrio Spp. Isolated from Fish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biochemical and Serological Comparison of Selected Vibrio Spp. Isolated from Fish AN ABSTRACT OF TEE ThESIS OF Somsak PipoDtinvo for the degree of Master of Science in Fisheries Presented on Sentember 15.. 1987 Title: BIOCHEMICAL AN]) SEROLOGICAL COMPARISON OF SELECTED VIBRIO SPP. ISOLATED FROM FISH Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy I Dr. James R. Winton Nine isolates of bacteria recovered from fish dying at marine facilities were collected from different geographic areas. The strains included: an isolate from chinook salmon (Oncorhvn- chus tsbavvtscha) reared in net pens in New Zealand, an isolate from chum salmon (Oncorhvnchus keta) held at a laboratory in Oregon, USA., and seven strains recovered from tilapia (Oreochro- sDilurus), silvery black porgy (Acanthoagrus cuvieri), and greasy grouper (Eninenhelus tauvina) cultured in Kuwait. All isolates were characterized by examination of morphological and biochemical properties and were confirmed to be members of the genus Vibrio. All, isolates differed phenotypically from each other, from vibrios known to be pathogenic for fish, and from other named Vibrio species.Analysis of key phenotypic characteristics used to establish existing species suggested that the isolates tested were new Vibrio species. Four of the isolates (two from coldwater fish and two from warmwater fish) were selected for further study. This included determination of percent guanine plus cytosine (%G+C), comparison of growth characteristics, analysis of major 0 antigens and testing of pathogenicity. The four isolates examined had an absolute requirement for NaCl. Optimum growth temperatures varied among the isolates and were consistent with the temperature optima of the hostsfrom which the isolates were obtained. Serological analysis using slide agglutination, microtiter agglutination, and Ouchterlony double diffusion tests detected specific thermostable (0) antigens unique for each of the four isolates.A coon minor antigen was observed between two of the other isolates from Kuwait. Experimental infections were produced in fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerfl using intraperitoneal injection of the four isolates. The pathogenicity of the two isolates from Kuwait was higher than that of the two salmonid isolates.The strains fromKuwaitwere used to challenge juvenile chinook salmon by vaterborne exposure.The pathology produced by infection was characteristic Cram-negative hemorrhagic septicemia. Biochemical and Serological Comparison of Selected Vibrio p. Isolated from Fish by Somsak Pipoppinyo A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Completed September 15, 1987 Commencement June 1988 APPROVED: Redacted for Privacy Assistant Professor of Fisheries in charge of major Redacted for Privacy Read of Department 'of Fisheries and Wildlife Redacted for Privacy Dean of GraduatI Echool Date thesis is presented Seotember 15. 1987 Typed by Somsak Pipoppinyo for Somsak Pi0000invo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep appreciation to the many people who have helped to make this work possible: To Dr. J. L. Fryer andDr. J. R. Winton for the opportuni- ty to work in their laboratory; and especially to Dr. Winton, my major professor, for his tremendous assistance, guidance, pa- tience, and encouragement in the face of imminent deadlines. To the Royal Thai Government and the Maejo Institute of Agricultural Technology, Thailand, for financial support through- out this study. To Dr. J. S. Rohovec for many helpful technical suggestions and editorial comments in the preparation of this manuscript. To Dr. R. E. Olson and Dr. L. E. Lampila for their help in the final preparation of this thesis. To Craig Banner for assistance with the percent guanine plus cytosine determinations. Special thanks to Cathy Lannan, Kellee Roberti, Yuanan Lu, and Jerri Hoffmaster for their friendship, assistance, and con- stant encouragement throughout this study; and to the other mem- bers of the fish disease group: Tony Ainandi, Cindy Arakawa, Warren Groberg, Rich }Iolt, John Kaufman, Scott LaPatra, and Dan Rockey whose help and friendship will always be remembered. Finally, I wish to express my deep gratitude to my parents for their love, understanding, and constant encouragement. This work is a result of research sponsored by Oregon Sea Grant through NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under Grant No. 1985-86 (FY86) NA85AA-D-SG095. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION i LITERATURE REVIEW 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 Bacterial Strains, Culture Media, and Maintenance 18 Phenotypic Characteristics 20 Morphology, Motility, and Gram Stain Reaction 20 Biochemical Tests by API-20E Strips 21 Biochemical Tests by Conventional Methods 21 Growth Characteristics 23 Growth Curves and Mean Generation Time 23 Growth at Different Temperatures 23 Growth at Different Concentrations of Sodium Chloride 24 Serological Tests 24 Production of Rabbit Antiserum 24 Slide Agglutination Tests 25 Determination of Agglutinating Antibody Titer 26 Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Tests 27 Percent Guanine Plus Cytosine Determination 28 Isolation of DNA 28 Determination of Percent Guanine Plus Cytosine 29 Virulence and Pathogenicity Tests 30 Injection Challenge 30 Waterborne Challenge 31 RESULTS 32 Phenotypic Characteristics 32 Growth Characteristics 32 Growth Curves and Mean Generation Times 32 Growth at Different Temperatures 35 Growth at Different Concentrations of Sodium Chloride 35 Serological Tests 43 Slide Agglutination Tests 43 Determination of Agglutinating Antibody Titers 43 Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Tests 46 Percent Guanine Plus Cytosine Determination 46 Virulence and Pathogenicity Tests 50 Injection Challenge and Fifty Percent Lethal 50 Dose (LD50) Waterborne Challenge 56 DISCUSSION 63 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY 73 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Growth curve of NZ isolate in tryptic soy broth 36 at 18°C plotting viable cells/mi versus optical density. 2 Growth curve of CHIJ isolate in tryptic soy broth 36 at 18°C plotting viable cells/mi versus optical density. 3 Growth curve of Ku-2 isolate in tryptic soy broth 37 at 18°C plotting viable cells/nil versus optical density. 4 Growth curve of Ku-4 isolate in tryptic soy broth 37 at 18°C plotting viable cells/nil versus optical density at. 5 Growth of the4Z isolate in tryptic soy broth 38 incubated at different temperatures. 6 Growth of the C}IU isolate in tryptic soy broth 38 incubated at different temperatures. 7 Growth of the Ku-2 isolate in tryptic soy broth 39 incubated at different temperatures. 8 Growth of the Ku-4 isolate in tryptic soy broth 39 incubated at different temperatures. 9 Growth of Vibrio anguillarum in tryptic soy 40 broth incubated at different temperatures. 10 Growth of the NZ isolate in tryptone glucose 40 yeast broth at different concentrations of NaCl incubated at 18°C. 11 Growth of the CHU isolate in tryptone glucose 41 yeast broth at different concentrations of NaCl incubated at 18°C. 12 Growth of the Ku-2 isolate in tryptone glucose 41 yeast broth at different concentrations of NaCl incubated at 18°C. 13 Growth of the Ku-4 isolate in tryptone glucose 42 yeast broth at different concentrations of NaC1 incubated at 18°C. 14 Growth of Vibrio anguillarum in tryptone glucose 42 yeast broth at different concentrations of NaC1 incubated at 18°C. 15 Ouchterlony double diffusion plates. Antigens 47 in the outer wells were reacted with antisera in the center wells. 16 Characteristic hemorrhagic septicemia in rainbow 57 trout injected by isolates studied. 17 External pathological signs in chinook salmon 61 exposed to Ku-2 isolate. LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Characteristics of members of the genus Vibrio 5 that have been reported to be pathogenic for fish. 2 Source of Vibrio isolates used in this study. 19 3 Phenotypic characteristics of Vibrio isolates 33 used in this study compared with Vibrio an2uil- larum and V. ordalii. 4 Results of slide agglutination tests using rabbit 44 antisera against Vibrio anuillarum, ordalii, NZ, CILU, Ku-2, and Ku-4 reacted with homologous and heterologous antigens. 5 Agglutinating antibody titers of rabbit antisera 45 against Vibrio anguillrum, . ordalii, NZ, CHU, Ku-2, and Ku-4 when reacted with the homologous and heterologous antigens. 6 Percent guanine plus cytosine (%G+C) values of 51 the NZ, CHU, Ku-2, and Ku-4 isolates using cherichia coli (WP2) as the reference strain. 7 Mortality and mean day to death of rainbow trout 52 injected with different numbers of NZ cells. 8 Mortality and mean day to death of rainbow trout 53 injected with different numbers of CHU cells. 9 Mortality and mean day to death of rainbow trout 54 injected with different numbers of Ku-2 cells. 10 Mortality and mean day to death of rainbow trout 55 injected with different numbers of Ku-4 cells. 11 Mortality and mean day to death of chinook sal- 59 mon waterborne challenged with Ku-2. 12 Mortality and mean day to death of chinook sal- 60 mon waterborne challenged with Ku-4. BIOCHEMICAL AND SEROLOGICAL COMPARISON OF SELECTED VIBRIO . ISOLATED FROM FISH INTRODUCTION Members of the genus Vibrio are wide-spread in nature, occuring principally in marine and estuarine environments (Baumann et al., 1984; Colvell, 1984). These bacteria have been isolated from diseased fish of various species throughout the world and are a leading cause of mortality among cultured marine fishes (Anderson and Conroy, 1970; Austin and Austin, 1987). The genus Vibrio is formed from a large complex of strains(Baumann et al., 1984). Of the twenty named species, nine (!. alginoly-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vibrio Diseases of Marine Fish Populations
    HELGOL~NDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgolander Meeresunters. 37, 265-287 (1984) Vibrio diseases of marine fish populations R. R. Colwell & D. J. Grimes Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland; College Park, MD 20742 USA ABSTRACT: Several Vibrio spp. cause disease in marine fish populations, both wild and cultured. The most common disease, vibriosis, is caused by V. anguillarum. However, increase in the intensity of mariculture, combined with continuing improvements in bacterial systematics, expands the list of Vibrio spp. that cause fish disease. The bacterial pathogens, species of fish affected, virulence mechanisms, and disease treatment and prevention are included as topics of emphasis in this review, INTRODUCTION It is most appropriate that the introductory paper at this Symposium on Diseases of Marine Organisms should be about vibrios. The disease syndrome termed vibriosis was one of the first diseases of marine fish to be described (Sindermann, 1970; Home, 1982). Called "red sore", "red pest", "red spot" and "red disease" because of characteristic hemorrhagic skin lesions, this disease was recognized and described as early as 1718 in Italy, with numerous epizootics being documented throughout the 19th century (Crosa et al., 1977; Sindermann, 1970). Today, while "red sore" is, without doubt, the best understood of the marine bacterial fish diseases, new diseases have been added to the list of those caused by Vibrio spp. The more recently published work describing Vibrio disease, primarily that appear- ing in the literature since 1977, will be the focus of this paper. Bacterial pathogens, the species of fish affected, virulence mechanisms, and disease treatment and prevention are included as topics of emphasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook Version 12
    A handbook of diseases of importance to aquaculture in New Zealand B. K. Diggles P. M. Hine S. Handley N. C. Boustead NIWA Science and Technology Series No. 49 2002 Published by NIWA Wellington 2002 Edited and produced by Science Communication, NIWA, PO Box 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand ISSN 1173-0382 ISBN 0-478-23248-9 © NIWA 2002 Citation: Diggles, B.K.; Hine, P.M.; Handley, S.; Boustead, N.C. (2002). A handbook of diseases of importance to aquaculture in New Zealand. NIWA Science and Technology Series No. 49. 200 p. Cover: Eggs of the monogenean ectoparasite Zeuxapta seriolae (see p. 102) from the gills of kingfish. Photo by Ben Diggles. The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research is New Zealand’s leading provider of atmospheric, marine, and freshwater science Visit NIWA’s website at http://www.niwa.co.nz 2 Contents Introduction 6 Disclaimer 7 Disease and stress in the aquatic environment 8 Who to contact when disease is suspected 10 Submitting a sample for diagnosis 11 Basic anatomy of fish and shellfish 12 Quick help guide 14 This symbol in the text denotes a disease is exotic to New Zealand Contents colour key: Black font denotes disease present in New Zealand Blue font denotes disease exotic to New Zealand Red font denotes an internationally notifiable disease exotic to New Zealand Diseases of Fishes Freshwater fishes 17 Viral diseases Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis (EHN) 18 Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) 20 Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN)* 22 Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) 24 Oncorhynchus masou
    [Show full text]
  • Vibrio Anguillarum As a Fish Pathogen: Virulence Factors, Diagnosis And
    Journal of Fish Diseases 2011, 34, 643–661 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01279.x Review Vibrio anguillarum as a fish pathogen: virulence factors, diagnosis and prevention I Frans1,2,3,4, C W Michiels3, P Bossier4, K A Willems1,2, B Lievens1,2 and H Rediers1,2 1 Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME & BIM), Consortium for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (CIMB), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), K.U. Leuven Association, Lessius Mechelen, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium 2 Scientia Terrae Research Institute, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium 3 Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Centre for Food and Microbial Technology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 4 Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Centre, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium Bacterium anguillarum (Canestrini 1893). A few Abstract years later, Bergman proposed the name Vibrio Vibrio anguillarum, also known as Listonella anguillarum for the aetiological agent of the Ôred anguillarum, is the causative agent of vibriosis, a pest of eelsÕ in the Baltic Sea (Bergman 1909). deadly haemorrhagic septicaemic disease affecting Because of the high similarity of the disease signs various marine and fresh/brackish water fish, biv- and characteristics of the causal bacterium described alves and crustaceans. In both aquaculture and lar- in both reports, it was suggested that it concerned viculture, this disease is responsible for severe the same causative agent. economic losses worldwide. Because of its high Currently, V. anguillarum is widely found in morbidity and mortality rates, substantial research various cultured and wild fish as well as in bivalves has been carried out to elucidate the virulence and crustaceans in salt or brackish water causing a fatal mechanisms of this pathogen and to develop rapid haemorrhagic septicaemic disease, called vibriosis detection techniques and effective disease-preven- (Aguirre-Guzma´n, Ruı´z & Ascencio 2004; Paillard, tion strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • CGM-18-001 Perseus Report Update Bacterial Taxonomy Final Errata
    report Update of the bacterial taxonomy in the classification lists of COGEM July 2018 COGEM Report CGM 2018-04 Patrick L.J. RÜDELSHEIM & Pascale VAN ROOIJ PERSEUS BVBA Ordering information COGEM report No CGM 2018-04 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +31-30-274 2777 Postal address: Netherlands Commission on Genetic Modification (COGEM), P.O. Box 578, 3720 AN Bilthoven, The Netherlands Internet Download as pdf-file: http://www.cogem.net → publications → research reports When ordering this report (free of charge), please mention title and number. Advisory Committee The authors gratefully acknowledge the members of the Advisory Committee for the valuable discussions and patience. Chair: Prof. dr. J.P.M. van Putten (Chair of the Medical Veterinary subcommittee of COGEM, Utrecht University) Members: Prof. dr. J.E. Degener (Member of the Medical Veterinary subcommittee of COGEM, University Medical Centre Groningen) Prof. dr. ir. J.D. van Elsas (Member of the Agriculture subcommittee of COGEM, University of Groningen) Dr. Lisette van der Knaap (COGEM-secretariat) Astrid Schulting (COGEM-secretariat) Disclaimer This report was commissioned by COGEM. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and may in no way be taken to represent the views of COGEM. Dit rapport is samengesteld in opdracht van de COGEM. De meningen die in het rapport worden weergegeven, zijn die van de auteurs en weerspiegelen niet noodzakelijkerwijs de mening van de COGEM. 2 | 24 Foreword COGEM advises the Dutch government on classifications of bacteria, and publishes listings of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria that are updated regularly. These lists of bacteria originate from 2011, when COGEM petitioned a research project to evaluate the classifications of bacteria in the former GMO regulation and to supplement this list with bacteria that have been classified by other governmental organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Cell-To-Cell Communication and Virulence in Vibrio Anguillarum
    Cell-to-cell communication and virulence in Vibrio anguillarum Kristoffer Lindell Department of Molecular Biology Umeå Center for Microbial Research UCMR Umeå University, Sweden Umeå 2012 Copyright © Kristoffer Lindell ISBN: 978-91-7459-427-0 Printed by: Print & media Umeå, Sweden 2012 "Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere." Albert Einstein Jonna, Jonatan och Lovisa - Låt fantasin flöda Till min familj Table of Contents Table of Contents i Abstract iii Abbreviations iv Papers in this thesis v Introduction 1 Vibrios in the environment 1 Vibrios and Vibriosis 2 Vibriosis in humans 2 Vibriosis in corals 3 Vibriosis in fish and shellfish 4 Treatment and control of vibriosis due to V. anguillarum 4 Virulence factors of V. anguillarum 5 Iron sequestering system 5 Extracellular products 6 Chemotaxis and motility 6 The role of LPS in serum resistance 6 The role of exopolysaccharides in survival and virulence 7 Virulence factors required for colonization of the fish skin 7 Outer membrane porins and bile resistance 8 Fish immune defence mechanisms against bacteria 8 Fish skin defense against bacteria 8 The humoral non-specific defense 9 The humoral specific defense 10 The cell mediated non-specific and specific host defense 11 Quorum sensing in vibrios 12 The acyl homoserine lactone molecule 12 Paradigm of quorum-sensing systems in Gram-negative bacteria 13 Quorum sensing in Gram-positive bacteria 14 Hybrid two-component signalling systems 14 Quorum sensing in V. harveyi 15 Quorum sensing in V. fischeri 16 Quorum sensing in V. cholerae 19 Quorum sensing in V. anguillarum 20 Stress response mechanisms 23 Heat shock response 23 Cold shock response 24 Prokaryotic SOS response and DNA damage 24 Stress alarmone ppGpp and the stringent response 25 Universal stress protein A superfamily 26 Small RNA chaperone Hfq and small RNAs 26 i Aims of this thesis 28 Key findings and relevance 29 Paper I.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiology Letters
    RESEARCH LETTER Analysis of16S^23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer of Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii strains isolated from ¢sh Jorge Fernandez´ & Ruben Avendano-Herrera˜ Laboratorio de Veterquımica,´ Camino a Melipilla, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/299/2/184/647810 by guest on 30 September 2021 Correspondence: Ruben Avendano-Herrera,˜ Abstract Laboratorio de Veterquımica,´ Camino a Melipilla 5641, Cerrillos, Santiago, Chile. The 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) of Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii Tel.: 156 2 384 4109; fax: 156 2 384 4021; were PCR amplified and cloned with TA vector pCR2.1. PCR amplification e-mail: [email protected] obtained five products ranging from 917 to 437 bp. Three clones were obtained and analysed from all fragments with the exception of 437 bp. These products Present address: Ruben Avendano-Herrera,˜ were designated ITS-1, ITS-2, ITS-3 and ITS-4. ITS-1 contained genes for Universidad Andres´ Bello, Facultad de tRNAGlu(TTC), tRNALys(TTT), tRNAAla(TGC) and tRNAVal(TAC), while ITS-2 was Ciencias Basicas,´ Departamento de Ciencias almost the same as the ITS-1 sequence, but without tRNAVal(TAC). ITS-3 contained Basicas.´ Repu´ blica 217, Santiago, Chile. tRNAAla(TGC) and tRNAIle (GAT) and ITS-4, tRNAAla (GGC) or tRNAGlu(TTC). The Received 30 January 2009; accepted 24 July number of copies of the ribosomal operon (rrn)inV. ordalii chromosome ranged 2009. from at least six to seven and V. anguillarum had at least seven rrn. The sequences Final version published online 1 September ITS-1, ITS-2 and ITS-3 showed a high similarity among the V.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of Bacterial Fish Pathogens Brian Austin
    Austin Veterinary Research 2011, 42:20 http://www.veterinaryresearch.org/content/42/1/20 VETERINARY RESEARCH REVIEW Open Access Taxonomy of bacterial fish pathogens Brian Austin Abstract Bacterial taxonomy has progressed from reliance on highly artificial culture-dependent techniques involving the study of phenotype (including morphological, biochemical and physiological data) to the modern applications of molecular biology, most recently 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which gives an insight into evolutionary pathways (= phylogenetics). The latter is applicable to culture-independent approaches, and has led directly to the recognition of new uncultured bacterial groups, i.e. “Candidatus“, which have been associated as the cause of some fish diseases, including rainbow trout summer enteritic syndrome. One immediate benefit is that 16S rRNA gene sequencing has led to increased confidence in the accuracy of names allocated to bacterial pathogens. This is in marked contrast to the previous dominance of phenotyping, and identifications, which have been subsequently challenged in the light of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To date, there has been some fluidity over the names of bacterial fish pathogens, with some, for example Vibrio anguillarum, being divided into two separate entities (V. anguillarum and V. ordalii). Others have been combined, for example V. carchariae, V. harveyi and V. trachuri as V. harveyi. Confusion may result with some organisms recognized by more than one name; V. anguillarum was reclassified as Beneckea and Listonella, with Vibrio and Listonella persisting in the scientific literature. Notwithstanding, modern methods have permitted real progress in the understanding of the taxonomic relationships of many bacterial fish pathogens. Table of contents 6. Taxonomic developments associated with specific 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives Mar 2 3 2010 Libraries
    ECOLOGY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF VIBRIONACEAE IN THE COASTAL OCEAN By Sarah Pacocha Preheim B.S., Carnegie Mellon University, 1997 Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of ARCHIVES Doctor of Philosophy in the Field of Biological Oceanography MASSACHUSETTS INSTfTE OF TECHNOLOGY at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MAR 2 3 2010 and the WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION LIBRARIES February 2010 © 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution All rights reserved Signature of Author ' Joitfr'ogram in Oceanography Departm t of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution January 12 th2010 Certified by Martin F. Polz Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Thesis Supervisor Accepted by Simon Thorrold Chair, Joint Committee for Biological Oceanography Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Accepted by Daniele Veneziano Chairman, Departmental Committee for Graduate Students Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2 ECOLOGY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF VIBRIONACEAE IN THE COASTAL OCEAN by Sarah P. Preheim Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on Jan. 12th 2010 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Field of Biological Oceanography Abstract Extensive genetic diversity has been discovered in the microbial world, yet mechanisms that shape and maintain this diversity remain poorly understood. This thesis investigates to what extent populations of the gamma-proteobacterial family, Vibrionaceae, are ecologically specialized by investigating the distribution across a wide range of environmental categories, such as marine invertebrates or particles in the water column.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Microbiomes Reveal Associations Between Pathogenic Vibrio Species
    1 Coastal microbiomes reveal associations between pathogenic Vibrio species, 2 environmental factors, and planktonic communities 3 Running title: metabarcoding reveals vibrio-plankton associations 4 5 Rachel E. Diner1,2, Drishti Kaul2, Ariel Rabines1,2, Hong Zheng2, Joshua A. Steele3, John F. 6 Griffith3, Andrew E. Allen1,2* 7 8 1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 9 92037, USA 10 11 2 Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 12 92037, USA 13 14 3 Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA 15 16 * Correspondence: [email protected] 17 18 Author Emails: Rachel E. Diner: [email protected], Drishti Kaul: [email protected], Ariel 19 Rabines: [email protected], Hong Zheng: [email protected], Joshua A. Steele: 20 [email protected], John F. Griffith: [email protected], Andrew Allen: [email protected] 21 22 23 1 24 Abstract 25 Background 26 Many species of coastal Vibrio spp. bacteria can infect humans, representing an emerging 27 health threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. Vibrio interactions with the planktonic 28 community impact coastal ecology and human infection potential. In particular, interactions with 29 eukaryotic and photosynthetic organism may provide attachment substrate and critical nutrients 30 (e.g. chitin, phytoplankton exudates) that facilitate the persistence, diversification, and spread of 31 pathogenic Vibrio spp.. Vibrio interactions with these organisms in an environmental context are, 32 however, poorly understood. 33 34 Results 35 After quantifying pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, 36 and V. vulnificus, over one year at 5 sites, we found that all three species reached high abundances, 37 particularly during Summer months, and exhibited species-specific temperature and salinity 38 distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics Analysis of Vibrio Anguillarum Isolated from Lumpfish (Cyclopterus Lumpus) in Newfoundland Reveal Novel Chromosomal Organizations
    microorganisms Article Comparative Genomics Analysis of Vibrio anguillarum Isolated from Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Newfoundland Reveal Novel Chromosomal Organizations Ignacio Vasquez 1, Trung Cao 1, Setu Chakraborty 1, Hajarooba Gnanagobal 1, Nicole O’Brien 2, Jennifer Monk 3, Danny Boyce 3, Jillian D. Westcott 4 and Javier Santander 1,* 1 Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, Logy Bay, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; [email protected] (I.V.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (H.G.) 2 Department of Fisheries and Land Resources, Aquatic Animal Health Division, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1E 3Y5, Canada; [email protected] 3 Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Logy Bay, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (D.B.) 4 Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-709-864-3268 Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 23 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Vibrio anguillarum is a Gram-negative marine pathogen causative agent of vibriosis in a wide range of hosts, including invertebrates and teleosts. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), a native fish of the North Atlantic Ocean, is utilized as cleaner fish to control sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry. V. anguillarum is one of the most frequent bacterial pathogens affecting lumpfish. Here, we described the phenotype and genomic characteristics of V.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Bacteria Related to Human Pathogenic Vibrio
    Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria related to human PNAS PLUS pathogenic Vibrio species Nur A. Hasana,b,c, Christopher J. Grima,c,1, Erin K. Lippd, Irma N. G. Riverae, Jongsik Chunf, Bradd J. Haleya, Elisa Taviania, Seon Young Choia,b, Mozammel Hoqg, A. Christine Munkh, Thomas S. Brettinh, David Bruceh, Jean F. Challacombeh, J. Chris Detterh, Cliff S. Hanh, Jonathan A. Eiseni, Anwar Huqa,j, and Rita R. Colwella,b,c,k,2 aMaryland Pathogen Research Institute, cUniversity of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, and jInstitute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; bCosmosID, College Park, MD 20742; dEnvironmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; eDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; fSchool of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; gDepartment of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; hGenome Science Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; iUniversity of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616; and kBloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 Contributed by Rita R. Colwell, April 15, 2015 (sent for review September 5, 2014; reviewed by John Allen Baross, Richard E. Lenski, and Carla Pruzzo) Vibrio species are both ubiquitous and abundant in marine coastal of vibrios, and suggested Vibrio populations generally comprise waters, estuaries, ocean sediment, and aquaculture settings world- approximately 1% (by molecular techniques) of the total bac- wide. We report here the isolation, characterization, and genome terioplankton in estuaries (19), in contrast to culture-based studies sequence of a novel Vibrio species, Vibrio antiquarius, isolated from demonstrating that vibrios can comprise up to 10% of culturable a mesophilic bacterial community associated with hydrothermal marine bacteria (20).
    [Show full text]
  • FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused by Bacterial Pathogens in Saltwater - Yukinori Takahashi, Terutoyo Yoshida, Issei Nishiki, Masahiro Sakai, Kim D
    Eolss Publishers Co. Ltd., UK Copyright © 2017 Eolss Publishers/ UNESCO Information on this title: www.eolss.net/eBooks ISBN- 978-1-78021-040-7 e-Book (Adobe Reader) ISBN- 978-1-78021-540-2 Print (Color Edition) The choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this publication and the opinions expressed therein are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The information, ideas, and opinions presented in this publication are those of the Authors and do not represent those of UNESCO and Eolss Publishers. Whilst the information in this publication is believed to be true and accurate at the time of publication, neither UNESCO nor Eolss Publishers can accept any legal responsibility or liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage arising from the information contained in this publication. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from Eolss Publishers or UNESCO. The above notice should not infringe on a 'fair use' of any copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law, for the sake of making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc.
    [Show full text]