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Rommet Bak Språket Rommet bak språket Psykedeliske ruserfaringer i norske romaner 1965 - 2016 Odd Harald Vestrheim Opdal Mastergradsoppgave i nordisk litteratur Institutt for lingvistiske, litterære og estetiske studier Universitetet i Bergen Høsten 2020 Innholdsfortegnelse Forord: ............................................................................................................................................................................. iv 1 Innledning: ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Tre generasjoner av psykedelisk litteratur ....................................................................................................... 2 Problemstilling: Hvordan er norsk litteratur påvirket av psykedeliske rusmidler? ....................... 3 Hvordan lage litteratur av noe som opplevelses å være utenfor språket? .......................................... 4 Metode .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Psykedelisk renessanse – ny tid og ny interesse for hallusinogen .......................................................... 5 Hva kjennetegner den psykedeliske opplevelsen? ........................................................................................ 6 William James og fire punkt om den mystiske opplevelsen ...................................................................... 7 Dr. Timothy Leary ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Set og setting ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Arthur Koestlers eksempel på set og setting .................................................................................................. 11 Aldous Huxley – Proto-psykedeliske skildringer ......................................................................................... 12 Michael Pollan (1955 -) Nytt blikk på psykedeliske stoff ......................................................................... 15 Det språklige formidlingsproblemet: Hvordan lage litteratur om noe som virker til å være utenfor språket? ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 William James – En rusopplevelse bør skildres etter den er over......................................................... 17 Michael Pollan – Hvordan skrive ut en psykedelisk opplevelse? ........................................................... 18 Henri Michaux – Brudd med en teksts normative utforming og typografi ........................................ 20 William Burroughs dekonstruering av språket............................................................................................. 21 En litteraturhistorisk gjennomgang av psykedelisk litteratur ............................................................... 22 Oppsummering ........................................................................................................................................................... 24 2 Første generasjon av psykedelisk litteratur 1965 – 1972........................................... 25 Alfred Hauge – Psykedelisk innovasjon ................................................................................. 26 LSD-behandling .......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Faghistorisk bakgrunn ............................................................................................................................................. 27 Ankerfeste - Første spor av psykedeliske skildringer ................................................................................. 30 R. Gordon Wasson - Seeking the Magic Mushroom ..................................................................................... 31 Clengs rusopplevelse ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Språklig paradoks og fantastisk ekstase .......................................................................................................... 33 Avslutning ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Teser om Mysterium ................................................................................................................................................. 35 Mysterium ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Det språklige formidlingsproblemet.................................................................................................................. 37 Filmatisk språk, språklig paradoks og synestesi .......................................................................................... 37 Pausering og negativ skildring ............................................................................................................................. 39 Carl Jungs arketyper ................................................................................................................................................. 40 Metafiksjon – et følge av LSD? .............................................................................................................................. 41 Romanens struktur, set, setting og dr. Gordon Johnsen ............................................................................. 44 Selvbiografisk fiksjonalisering ............................................................................................................................. 47 Intertekstuelle referanser i Mysterium ............................................................................................................. 48 Bokens budskap: Det moderne mennesket er avskilt fra den indre verden ..................................... 50 Avslutning ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Perlemorstrand – En annerledes psykedelisk skildring ............................................................................. 51 Agnar Mykle – LSD-terapi og utgivelsesstopp ..................................................................... 55 To teser om Agnar Mykles skrivestopp ............................................................................................................ 55 Toppen og begynnelsen på nedgangen ............................................................................................................. 57 Agnar Mykles LSD-behandling ............................................................................................................................. 57 Agnar Mykles relasjon med Dr. Johnson ligner på Alfred Hauges ......................................................... 58 En glad mann ............................................................................................................................................................... 60 ii Det språklige formidlingsproblemet.................................................................................................................. 60 Introspeksjon, set og setting .................................................................................................................................. 61 Etterlatte skrifter ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 Avslutning ..................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Jens Bjørneboe – En positiv rushistorie ................................................................................ 66 Jens Bjørneboes LSD-erfaring ............................................................................................................................... 67 Kruttårnet ..................................................................................................................................................................... 67 En stor, stor reise ....................................................................................................................................................... 68 Det språklige formidlingsproblemet.................................................................................................................. 69 Solen – et metafysisk symbol ............................................................................................................................. 70 Set, setting og selvbiografi ................................................................................................................................... 71 En positiv rushistorie ............................................................................................................................................... 72 Avslutning ....................................................................................................................................................................
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