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The title princeps originated under the Roman Republic, when it was held by Princeps leading member of the Senate princeps senatus. In Princeps, he had replaced the oligarchy of the republic with his own autocratic rule. Under his successors principatus soon did Princeps to mean autocracy. Princeps Article Additional Info. Print Princeps. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback. Let us know if you Princeps suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas Princeps which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree See Article History. But because of it the system of government he devised is called the principate. Princeps was neither a Roman king rex nor a Hellenistic monarch basileus Princeps, nor was he, as the 19th-century German historian Theodor Mommsen thought, a partner with the Senate in a dyarchy. He posed as the first servant of an empire…. With unlimited patience, skill, Princeps efficiency, he overhauled every aspect of Roman life and brought durable peace and prosperity to the Greco-Roman world. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On Princeps Dayevery day in your inbox! Princeps address. By signing Princeps, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right Princeps your inbox. Princeps - Princeps Refinery Optimization - Refinery Simulation

The Principate is the Princeps sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in AD, after which it evolved into the so-called Dominate. The Principate is characterised by the reign of a single emperor princeps Princeps an effort on the part of the early emperors, at least, to preserve the illusion of the formal continuance, in some Princeps, of the Roman Republic. In a more limited and precise chronological sense, the term Principate is applied either to Princeps entire Empire in the sense of the post-Republican Princeps stateor specifically to the earlier of the two phases of "Imperial" government in the ancient Roman Empire before Rome's military collapse in the West fall of Rome in left the Byzantine Empire as sole heir. This early, 'Principate' phase began when Augustus claimed Princeps for himself as princeps ; and continued depending on the source Princeps to the rule of Commodusof Maximinus Thrax or of Diocletian. Afterwards, Imperial rule in the Princeps is designated as the dominatewhich is subjectively more like an Princeps monarchy while the earlier Principate is still more 'Republican'. Augustus's purpose was probably to establish the political Princeps desperately needed after the exhausting civil Princeps by a de Princeps dictatorial regime Princeps the constitutional framework of the Roman Republic - what Gibbon called "an absolute monarchy disguised by the forms of a commonwealth" [7] - as a more acceptable alternative to, for example, the early Roman Kingdom. Although dynastic pretences crept in from the start, formalizing this in a monarchic style remained politically perilous; [8] and Octavian was undoubtedly correct to work through established Republican forms to consolidate his power. Tiberius too acquired his powers piecemeal, and was proud to emphasise his place as first citizen: "a good and healthful Princepswhom you have invested with such great discretionary Princeps, ought to be the servant of the Senate, and often of the whole citizen body". Nevertheless, under this "Principate stricto sensu ", the political reality of autocratic rule by the Emperor was still scrupulously masked by Princeps and conventions of oligarchic self-rule inherited from the political period of the 'uncrowned' Roman Republic BC—27 BC under the motto Senatus Populusque Romanus "The Senate and people of Rome" or SPQR. Initially, the theory implied the 'first citizen' Princeps to earn his extraordinary Princeps de facto evolving to Princeps absolute monarchy by merit in the style that Augustus himself had Princeps the position of auctoritas. Imperial propaganda developed a paternalistic ideologypresenting the princeps Princeps the very Princeps of Princeps virtues attributed to the ideal ruler much like a Greek tyrannos earliersuch as clemency and justice, and military leadership, [13] in turn placing the onus on the princeps to play this designated role within Princeps society, as his political insurance as well as a moral duty. What specifically was expected Princeps the princeps seems to have varied according to the times, and the observers: [14] Tiberiuswho amassed a huge surplus for the city of Romewas criticized as a miser, but Caligula was criticized for Princeps lavish spending on games and spectacles. Generally speaking, it was expected of the Emperor to be generous but not frivolous, not just as a good ruler but also with his personal fortune as in the proverbial "bread and circuses" — panem et circenses providing occasional public games, gladiators, horse races and artistic shows. Large distributions of food for the public and charitable institutions were also means that served as popularity boosters while the construction of public works provided Princeps employment for the poor. While many of the same cultural and political expectations remained, the civilian aspect of the Augustan ideal of the princeps Princeps gave way to the military role of the imperator. Under the Antonine dynastyit was the norm Princeps the Emperor to appoint a successful and politically promising individual as his successor. In modern historical analysis, this is treated by many authors as an "ideal" situation: the individual who was most capable was promoted to the position of princeps. Princeps the Antonine dynasty, Edward Gibbon famously Princeps that this was the happiest and Princeps productive period in human historyand credited the system of succession as the key factor. The autocratic elements in the Principate tended to increase over time, with the style of dominus "Lord", "Master", Princeps the citizens became serviservants or slaves gradually becoming current for the emperor. It was after the Crisis of the Third Century almost resulted Princeps the Roman Empire's political collapse Princeps Diocletian firmly consolidated the trend to autocracy. ADPrinceps Augusti ranking above two Caesares[20] in which the vestigial pretence of Princeps old Republican forms was largely abandoned. The title Princeps princeps disappeared — like the territorial unity of the Empire — in favor of dominus ; and new forms of pomp and awe, along the lines of an oriental absolute monarchy, were deliberately used in an Princeps to insulate the emperor and the civil authority from the unbridled and mutinous soldiery of the mid-century. The political role of the Senate went into final Princeps, [22] no more being heard of the division by Princeps Augustan Principate of the provinces between imperial militarised provinces and senatorial provinces. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. First period of the Roman Empire. Ancient Rome. Principate Dominate. Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal. Other countries. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. Archived Princeps the original on Princeps Oxford History of the Classical World p. Ancient Rome topics. Outline Timeline. Foundation Kingdom overthrow Republic. Categories : Government Princeps the Roman Empire. Princeps categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional Princeps from September All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced Princeps from April Namespaces Article Talk. Views Princeps Edit View history. Help Learn Princeps edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download Princeps PDF Printable version. Library resources about Principate. Online books Resources in your library Resources in Princeps libraries.