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Assessment of Water Quality Changes in Krishna River of Andhrap Radesh Through Geoinformatics

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Assessment of Water Quality Changes in Krishna River of Andhrap Radesh Through Geoinformatics International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019 Assessment of Water Quality Changes in Krishna River of Andhrap radesh Through Geoinformatics Lakshman Kumar.C.H, D. Satish Chandra, S.S.Asadi Abstract--- Pancha Boothas are Life and Death for the are permissible in river water but exceed their level its Environment. In that any one is Disrupted that can be Escort to causes several diseases for users and Toxic elements, excess the danger of environment. Water is the one of the Pancha nutrients create vadose zones in river courses [5]. Most of Boothas. Quality of the water is very crucial in the present and the assured irrigation in India is surface water of rivers. It is future users. Natural issues and manmade activities are depending on the water quality. The ratio of transportation of essential to monitor and assess the water quality in the fresh water in liquid form to covert useless form is 70%. The Krishna river course. ratio of sedimentation is also one of the parameter of the water quality, if changes are happen in sedimentation the quality of the Notations: water also changes. The causes of water pollution source are GDSQ: Gauge Discharge Sediment and Water Quality many, of which sewage discharge, industrial effluents, agricultural effluents and several man made activities are play a GDQ : Gauge Discharge Water Quality key role on water quality. The total percentage of water in the pH : Potential of Hydrogen world is 97% in Oceans and reaming 3% of water in form of EC : Electric Conductivity glaciers, in which the consumption of water quantity is in form of CO3 : Carbonate surface and subsurface water bodies. The prevention and Hco3 : Bicarbonate monitor of the water quality is very essential for the future users. Cl : Chloride In the present study an attempt is made assess the surface water quality in the Krishna river course of Andhra Pradesh. The water So4 : Sulfate quality parameters -pH, EC, Co3, HCO3,cl, SO4 , Ca, Mg, Na, K Ca : Calcium are analyzed. The changes in the quality parameters shows Mg : Magnesium indications that these waters may not be suitable for usage in due Na : Sodium course of time. K : Potassium Index Terms: Water quality, Krishna River, Chemical Properties, ArcGIS II. STUDY AREA I. INTRODUCTION Krishna River is the second largest river in the southern part of India in terms of water inflows and basin area, after Generally, the availability of surface water is more than the Godavari. Fig. 1 represents location map of study area. the subsurface water [1]. The water quality from the rivers is The length of the Krishna River is about 1,400 kilometers very crucial for domestic, irrigation, tourism, recreation, etc. (870 miles) and having the catchment area of 76252 Water quality of a river is depends on several interrelated (sq.km.) both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The Krishna parameters with a local and catchment properties. Water River is one of the prime sources of irrigation for Chemistry analysis will give representative and reliable Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. estimation of water quality from the river courses [Water The main tributaries of Krishna River are Ghataprabha quality for a river can play impact on the Dams, Reservoirs River, Malaprabha River, Bhima River, Tungabhadra River and constructions durability. The monitoring and predicting and Musi River. The major dams/ reservoirs/ weirs across of water quality is very crucial. The water contains high the main river course are Sunkeshula, Srisailam, Nagarjuna toxic metals will impact on the crop yields and productivity Sagar and Prakasam barrage. It causes heavy soil erosion [3]. during the monsoon periods. The location map showing The river surface water is generally more inclined to admin river courses along with Dams/ barrages are depicted pollution because as it to exposed environment [4]. Surface in Fig. 3.1. In the present study 2 locations are selected in water quality is most valuable concern for developing the course of Krishna River for collection of water sample. countries. The water quality from rivers is more important because that’s play key role on the river aqua system and fishermen’s income. The surface water is easily getting polluted compare to the subsurface waters. Toxic elements Revised Manuscript Received on April 15, 2019. CH. Lakshmankumar, Civil Engineering, KL Deemed to be University, Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada, India. D. Satish Chandra, Civil Engineering, KL Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, India S.S.Asadi, Department of Civil Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Deemed to be University, A.P, India Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11360476C219 /19©BEIESP 737 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India Fig. 1: Location map of study area III. METHODOLOGY IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The locations for the collections of water samples are V pH selected topographic characteristics of the main river using i 8.5 8.6 8.5 Survey of India toposheet’s of 1:50,000 scale and high j 8.4 K 8.4 resolution satellite. a d e 8.3 8.3 s Criteria for the collection of water sample’s is before and y a 8.2 a 8.2 a after stream added to the river course and before and after 8.1 r the dams, barrages and their river mouths. w 8.1 8 a a The CWC collect samples GDSQ and GDQ stations of particular river Courses. The water samples are collected at depth of 0.6cm (CWC Handbook -2017) of flowing water using half litter cans during November-2018 at the 2 locations. The chemical properties analyzed are pH, EC, V CO3 3 3 Co , HCO , cl, SO , Ca, Mg, Na, K The detailed i K 3 3 4 2.5 2.5 methodology depicted in the following flow chart. j e 2 2 a d e 1.5 1.5 y a s 1 1 a a 0.5 0.5 w r 0 0 a a 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 V HCO3 i 175 260 K j 170 250 e a 165 240 e 230 y a s 160 220 a 155 210 a w 150 200 r a a d Flowchart: Flow chart Showed methodology for this study area. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11360476C219 /19©BEIESP 738 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019 Ca2 Mg V 31 40 V 17 25 i K i j 30 30 e j 16.5 20 K a e a e 29 20 16 15 y a s y e a 28 10 a a 15.5 10 s w r w 27 0 a a a a 15 5 d 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 d r a 14.5 0 a 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 EC V 540 700 K i 520 TDS j 650 e 490 385 a d500 V e 480 y a 600 i K 480 s e a j 470 380 a e w 460 550 a 460 y s a 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 r 450 a a 375 a w 440 r a 430 a d 420 370 a 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 V 4 K 4.2 i 3 4 K j 3.8 e a 2 e y a 3.6 s EC a 1 3.4 a V 540 700 w r i K a 0 3.2 a j 530 680 e d 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 a 520 e y 660 s a 510 w 640 a a 500 r V d 620 a 50 Cl 100 a 490 i 480 600 j 40 80 K a e 470 580 30 60 y a e 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 a 20 40 s w a 10 20 a r a d 0 0 Fig. 2: Suitability Conditions of drinking water at 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 Vijayawada, Keesara The chemical analysis of pH, EC, Co3, HCO3, Cl, SO4 , Ca, Mg, Na, K parameters for the 2 samples were carried SO 4 out. Out of 2 samples, all samples are fit for drinking V 26 50 k because the pH level of all samples is between 6to8.5.The i 40 j 25 e above all graphs shows how the water exhibits their a 30 e properties changes in 30 days. The reasons are flow y a 24 s discharges. Generally the October month is rainy month 20 a a automatically that leads to increase the flow discharge in r w 23 10 river courses. But that situations not in November. That a a leads to happening changes in 30 days. d 22 0 09/01/2016 10/01/2016 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11360476C219 /19©BEIESP 739 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India V. CONCLUSIONS The two sample location points are same river course, but exhibit different characterizes that difference will comes for different conditions. Controlling of that different conditions are very necessity because its play on key role the water quality. There are several methods to control the water quality. Let us discussed in the below. In India the all river courses are majorly used for irrigation and drinking purpose there are very crucial. So the controlling methods are implementing the usage of natural fertilizers in spite of chemical fertilizers, which will leads to stop changes of soil characteristics.
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