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Paragi Beáta a Békefolyamat Sokkal Fontosabb Volt. a Nemzetközi

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Paragi Beáta a Békefolyamat Sokkal Fontosabb Volt. a Nemzetközi Paragi Beáta A békefolyamat sokkal fontosabb volt. A nemzetközi segélyezés összefüggései az izraeli-palesztín konfliktusban (1993-2000-2005) 1 Nemzetközi Tanulmányok Intézet Témavezet ő: Dr. Rostoványi Zsolt Egyetemi tanár A bíráló bizottság névsora: © Paragi Beáta 2 NEMZETKÖZI KAPCSOLATOK MULTIDISZCIPLINÁRIS DOKTORI ISKOLA Paragi Beáta A békefolyamat sokkal fontosabb volt. A nemzetközi segélyezés összefüggései az izraeli-palesztín konfliktusban (1993-2000-2005) Ph.D. értekezés Budapest, 2008 3 Tartalomjegyzék Táblázatok és ábrák jegyzéke................................................................................................. 6 Köszönetnyilvánítás ............................................................................................................... 8 Bevezetés................................................................................................................................ 9 1. A probléma meghatározása, koncepcionális keretek ............................................... 10 1.1. A probléma definiálása, illetve a tézisek megfogalmazása...................................... 10 1.2. Megközelítés, módszertan, koncepcionális keretek................................................. 27 1.2.1. Megközelítés: a küls ő segélyezés lehetséges értelmezési keretei.................... 27 1.2.2. Alkalmazott módszertan................................................................................... 33 1.2.3. A nemzetközi segélyezés politikaelméleti össszefüggései .............................. 40 1.2.4. A nemzetközi segélyezés alapfogalmai és hatékonysága ................................ 54 2. Az oslói folyamat gyakorlati keretei, korlátai.......................................................... 64 2.1. A megállapodások természete, bels ő gyengeségei................................................... 65 2.2. Az Izrael és PH közötti gazdasági integráció sajátosságai....................................... 83 2.3. Az oslói folyamat gazdasági, társadalmi velejárói palesztín oldalon ...................... 93 3. A palesztín államalakulás sajátosságai, dilemmái ................................................. 113 3.1. Belpolitikai összefüggések..................................................................................... 114 3.2. Szuverenitás vs. életképesség................................................................................. 124 4. A segélypolitika külpolitikai háttere: Európa és a közel-keleti konfliktus ............ 128 4.1. Európa térségbeli politikája az amerikai külpolitika tükrében............................... 130 4.2. A közel-keleti konfliktus és szerepl ői – percepciók .............................................. 139 4.3. Az EU és tagállamainak oslói folyamatban való érdekeltsége .............................. 148 4.3.1. Európa térségbeli kapcsolatainak jellege ....................................................... 149 4.3.2. Az európai donorok, mint hatalmi-politikai aktorok...................................... 156 4.3.3. Az EU/EK fejlesztéspolitikájának releváns vonatkozásai ............................. 170 5. Politikai intervenció, fejlesztési együttm űködés, humanitárius segítségnyújtás ... 181 5.1. A hivatalos segélyezés f őbb szerepl ői és perspektívái 1993-ban........................... 181 5.2. A nemzetközi (nyugati) segélyezési politika elvi-stratégiai alakulása .................. 186 5.2.1. A nemzetközi közösség feltételezései és feltételei......................................... 187 5.2.2. Politikai-stratégiai összefüggések .................................................................. 190 5.2.3. A helyi koordinációs mechanizmus funkciói................................................. 198 5.2.4. Az EU/EK nemzetközi donorközösségben képviselt pozíciói....................... 201 5.3. Az adatok értelmezésével kapcsolatos problémák, nehézségek ............................ 207 5.4. A Palesztín Hatóság donorpolitikákban való fontossága....................................... 211 5.5. A segélyek funkciói és hatásmechanizmusa .......................................................... 226 5.5.1. Következetesség elvben, következetlenség gyakorlatban (1994-2000)......... 227 5.5.2. Feltételesség, reformok és következmények (2000-2005)............................. 243 Konklúzió: a küls ő támogatás békefolyamatban játszott szerepe...................................... 257 Mellékletek......................................................................................................................... 265 Az oslói folyamat filozófiájának akadémiai háttere....................................................... 265 Fontosabb releváns események (1993-2005) ................................................................. 267 Humán fejl ődési mutatók (UNDP, HDI), 2004.............................................................. 268 A palesztín társadalom fontosabb mutatói (PCBS 2006)............................................... 269 A palesztín gazdaság fontosabb mutatói (1994-2000) ................................................... 270 A palesztín gazdaság fontosabb mutatói (2000-2005) ................................................... 272 4 A palesztín GDP szektoriális megoszlása (1995, 1999, 2000, 2002 - 2005) ................. 273 Egyéb – foglalkoztatottsági, társadalmi – mutatók (PCBS 2006).................................. 274 A palesztín költségvetés tételei (1996-2002) ................................................................. 275 Az OECD DAC államainak ODA/GNI [ODA/GNP] aránya (1970-2005).................... 276 Az OECD DAC (tagállamok) által nyújtott segélyek alakulása, 1990-2006 ................. 277 Közös, hivatalos izraeli-palesztín egyeztet ő fórumok (oslói folyamat) ......................... 278 A donormechanizmus m űködése (2003)........................................................................ 279 A donormechanizmus reformja (2005-2006) ................................................................. 280 A palesztín területeknek juttatott bilaterális ODA (1993-2000; 2000-2005)................. 281 A PH legnagyobb donorai (1993-2003; 2004-2005)...................................................... 282 A segélyek nagyságrendjének alakulása (különféle források szerint)............................ 282 A PH öt legnagyobb donora és részesedésük az összes segélyen belül ......................... 283 A segélyek alakulása 2002-2006.................................................................................... 284 A legnagyobb donorok prioritásai, 2002-2006............................................................... 285 Az OECD DAC donorai által a PNH PNH felé teljesített (D) fejlesztési segélyek (ODA) nagyságrendjének alakulása globális és regionális összehasonlításban, 1993-2000...... 286 Az OECD DAC donorai által a PNH felé teljesített (D) fejlesztési segélyek relatív alakulása összes és közel-keleti segélyeiken (ODA) belül, 1993-1997 ......................... 287 Az OECD DAC donorai által a PNH felé teljesített (D) fejlesztési segélyek relatív alakulása összes és közel-keleti segélyeiken (ODA) belül, 1997-2000 ......................... 288 Az OECD DAC donorai által a PNH felé teljesített (D) fejlesztési segélyek (ODA) alakulása globális és regionális összehasonlításban, 2000-2005.................................... 289 Az OECD DAC donorai által a PNH felé teljesített (D) fejlesztési segélyek relatív alakulása összes és közel-keleti segélyeiken (ODA) belül, 2000-2005 ......................... 290 A palesztín területek (PNH) Közel-Keleten belüli relatív súlya az OECD DAC államainak összes bilaterális, multilaterális segélyén (ODA) belül, 2000-2005............ 291 A PNH legnagyobb donorainak fejlesztéspolitikai preferenciái .................................... 292 Bibliográfia ........................................................................................................................ 293 Könyvek, tanulmányok, cikkek...................................................................................... 293 Dokumentumok .............................................................................................................. 310 Egyéb források ............................................................................................................... 311 Beszélgetések, interjúk (személyes, e-mail)................................................................... 312 Közvéleménykutatási adatok forrásai ............................................................................ 312 5 Táblázatok és ábrák jegyzéke 1. Táblázat - A nemzetközi kapcsolatok iskoláinak fejlesztési segélyekr ől alkotott felfogása ......................................................................................................................... 47 2. Táblázat - Az oslói megállapodásokkal szembeni megnyilvánulások (1994-2005)........ 80 3. Táblázat - A palesztín területek fontosabb gazdasági mutatói (1968-1993).................... 85 4. Táblázat - A palesztín-izraeli gazdasági kapcsolatok alakulása (1990-2005) ................. 92 5. Táblázat - A Nyugati Part és a Gázai-övezet szociális ellátásának megoszlása, 1992 .... 93 6. Táblázat - A Nyugati Part és a Gázai-övezet szociális ellátásának megoszlása, 2005 .... 95 7. Táblázat - A Nyugati Part és a Gáza-övezet infrastrukturális ellátottsága regionális összehasonlításban, 1992-1994....................................................................... 97 8. Táblázat - A palesztín területek fontosabb gazdasági, társadalmi mutatói, 1990-2005 (éves átlag) ...................................................................................................
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