Parasitoid Community of Diplolepis Fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman Province, with Checklist of Associated Hymenoptera Fauna in Iran
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NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 8 (1): 125-131 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2012 Article No.: 121107 http://biozoojournals.3x.ro/nwjz/index.html Parasitoid community of Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: Cynipidae) in Kerman Province, with checklist of associated Hymenoptera fauna in Iran Hosseinali LOTFALIZADEH1*, Mojtaba RAJABI2 and Seyed Massoud MADJDZADEH2 1. Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture & Natural Resources, Tabriz, Iran. 2. Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran * Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Received: 09. September 2011 / Accepted: 10. January 2012 / Available online: 11. February 2012 / Printed: June 2012 Abstract. Fourteen species of hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasp Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) are found in Kerman Province, Southeast Iran. These wasps belong to seven families for which two new distributional records (Eurytoma adleriae Zerova and Eurytoma cynipicola Zerova) are now added to the Iranian fauna. Four new biological associations were found belonging to E. adleriae, E. cynipicola, Hobbya stenonota (Ratzeburg) and Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg) that are reported for the first time as trophically associated with D. fructuum in Iran. The studied community is compared with a previously reported community from East-Azarbaijan Province, Northwest Iran. Checklist of the species associated with D. fructuum in Iran is presented, including 24 hymenopterous species. Key words: Rose gall wasp, Diplolepis fructuum, biological association, parasitoid community, new records, Iran. Introduction namely E. caninae Lotfalizadeh & Delvare, 2007 (Lotfalizadeh et al. 2007). Recently an ichneu- The cynipid gall wasps of the genus Diplolepis monid wasp, Exeristes roborator (Fabricius, 1793) Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are known has been added to this list (Lotfalizadeh et al. insect pests of Rosa species. A large community of 2009). parasitoids attacks rose gall wasps around the Main aims of the present study were: 1) to world (Askew 1960, Schröder 1967, Nordlander present complementary information on the parasi- 1973, Zerova & Djakontshuk 1976, Nieves-Aldrey toids community of D. fructuum in Iran, 2) to re- 1981, Pujade-Villar 1992, Shorthouse 1993). This port some new information concerning the associ- community was recently studied in Iran (Rakh- ated complex from Kerman Province (Southeast shani et al. 2003, Talebi et al. 2004, Daneshvar et al. Iran), and 3) to present a checklist of D. fructuum's 2009, Askew et al. 2006a, Lotfalizadeh et al. 2006). associated community. Despite these studies, there are many undiscov- ered aspects of this interesting community and re- cent studies lead researchers to describe several Materials and Methods new species (Askew et al. 2006a, Lotfalizadeh et al. During our collection program of chalcidoid wasps 2006). (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in Kerman Province, Southeast About 45 species of parasitoids belonging to Iran, we bred some hymenopterous parasitoids from rose 18 genera are known to be associated with Diplole- galls caused by Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen) (Hym.: pis species on Rosa spp. in the Palaearctic region Cynipidae), collected on Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, in April- (Askew 1960, Schröder 1967, Nordlander 1973, Ze- May 2008 and 2010. In this study about 500 galls were col- rova & Djakontshuk 1976, Nieves-Aldrey 1981, lected. The rose galls were collected at three sites in Ker- man Province: Pujade-Villar 1992, Noyes 2010), which were 1- Sar-Cheshmeh Mountains (N 29° 59' 52'' E 55° 51' summarized by Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006). 26'', 2564 m), 17 April 2008 There are limited data on parasitoids of Dip- 2- Kouh-Payeh Mountains (N 30° 31' 55'' E 57° 13' lolepis fructuum Rübsaamen (Diplolepidini) in the 44'', 2515 m), 2 May 2009 Western Palaearctic. Askew et al. (2006b) listed 3- Sar-Bizhan Mountains (N 29° 08' 09'' E 57° 30' 01'', only one species associated with D. fructuum, 2705 m), 28 April 2010 while Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006) listed 17 species The collected galls were moved to the laboratory and kept at room temperature in mesh covered transparent from the Northwest of Iran. Later, from the same plastic rearing boxes until the emergence of parasitoids. community a new Eurytoma species was described The emerged parasitoid wasps were preserved in 75 % 126 Lotfalizadeh, H. et al. ethanol and then were card-mounted and identified using Different taxa of Hymenoptera species were Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006) and Zerova (1995). The obtained found attacking D. fructuum galls in Kerman Prov- list was compared with that of Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006). ince (see Table 1). In the present study, 14 species Finally a checklist of associated community to rose gall were reared from galls of D. fructuum. These spe- wasp, D. fructuum, was prepared. cies belong to seven families: Cynipidae, Eulophi- dae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Ichneumonidae, Results and Discussion Pteromalidae and Torymidae, while earlier only five families of chalcid wasps have been reported Diplolepis fructuum was reared for the first time on on D. fructuum (Lotfalizadeh et al. 2006) and four Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, known to be occurring in on D. mayri (Askew et al. 2006a). Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, China and Mongo- Associated fauna of D. mayri has been re- lia. While the general form of galls (Fig. 1), briefly ported from Iran by Askew et al. (2006a) which discussed by Lotfalizadeh et al (2006), is plurilocu- make gall on fruits as well. Based on the key of lar and not covered by branching hairs, most of Pujade-Villar and Plantard (2001), D. mayri and D. the collected galls have a special form, rare for D. fructuum are closely allied species. Morphological fructuum (Fig. 2). evidences for the separation of these species from Within the reared samples of D. fructuum both the "rosae" species complex have been discussed male and female individuals were found while by Pujade-Villar and Plantard (2001). Fruit galls of Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006) did not report male indi- D. mayri and D. fructuum are externally similar but viduals in their rearing. In the galls collected in galls of the first one do not split the external enve- 2008, 2009 and 2010, the percentage of male indi- lope of the fruit while D. fructuum galls are pro- viduals was 33 %, 20 % and 6 %, respectively. duced by the hypertrophy of seeds and can split Table 1. Hymenoptera species reared from galls of D. fructuum in Kerman and East-Azarbaijan provinces. Hymenoptera families and species Kerman Province East-Azarbaijan Province* Eulophidae Aprostocetus aurantiacus (Ratzeburg, 1852) – + Aprostocetus eurytomae (Nees, 1834) + + Eupelmidae Eupelmus fulvipes Förster, 1860 – + Eupelmus urozonus Dalman, 1820 + + Eurytomidae Aximopsis collina (Zerova, 1984) + + Eurytoma adleriae Zerova, 1995 + – Eurytoma caninae Lotfalizadeh & Delvare, 2007 + + Eurytoma cynipicola Zerova, 1976 + – Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834 + + «Eurytoma» sp.1 + + «Eurytoma» sp. 2 – + «Eurytoma» sp. 3 – + Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) + + Pteromalidae Caenacis inflexa (Ratzeburg, 1848) – + Hobbya stenonota (Ratzeburg, 1848) + – Pteromalus bedeguaris (Thomson, 1878) + + Torymidae Glyphomerus stigma (Fabricius, 1793) – + Torymus auratus (Müller, 1764) – + Torymus bedeguaris (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Ichneumonidae Exeristes roborator (Fabricius, 1793) – + Orthopelma mediator (Thunberg, 1882) + + Cynipidae Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg, 1831) + – * The East-Azarbaijan province data are compiled from Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006) and Lotfalizadeh et al. (2009). Hymenopterous parasitoids community of Diplolepis fructuum in Iran 127 total of four eulophid species from three genera (Aulogymnus Förster, Aprostocetus Westwood and Baryscapus Förster) have been recorded on Diplole- pis galls according to Askew et al. (2006b) without any report of D. fructuum. Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006) found two species in the Northwest of Iran (see Table 1). Eulophid species in the gall communities of Diplolepis species are represented by 22.9 % (Askew et al. 2006b). Eupelmidae Figure 1. Usual form of Diplolepis fructuum galls Eupelmus urozonus Dalman, 1820 on Rosa spp.. Materials examined: Kerman, Kouh-Payeh Moun- tains, N30° 31' 55'' E 57° 13' 44'', 2515 m, 2 May 2009, M. Rajabi, 1♀. Kerman, Sar-Bizhan Moun- tains, N 29° 08' 09'' E 57° 30' 01'', 2705 m, 28 April 2010, M. Rajabi, 3♀♀. Based on Lotfalizadeh et al. (2006) two Euple- mus species have been recorded to be associated with D. fructuum from which, Eupelmus urozonus has been found in the reared material from Ker- man province (see Table 1). However, Moham- madi et al. (2011) added two other Eupelmus spe- cies, E. microzonus Förster, 1860 and E. vesicularis (Retzius, 1783), to this community. Only four species of eupelmids have been Figure 2. Dissected gall of rare form of D. fructuum. reared from Diplolepis species in the Western Palaearctic region (Askew et al. 2006b). They are the external envelope. represented by 8.6 % in the Diplolepis parasitoid communities. This percent varies in the parasitoid Cynipidae fauna of different cynipid tribes because it is a Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg, 1831) very polyphagous family. Materials examined: Kerman, Sar-Bizhan Moun- tains, N 29° 08' 09'' E 57° 30' 01'', 2705 m, 28 April Eurytomidae 2010, M. Rajabi, 1♀. Aximopsis collina (Zerova, 1984) This species belongs to the subfamily Cynipi- Materials examined: Kerman, Sar-Cheshmeh nae and tribe Synergini. This is the first record of Mountains,