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Baroque Architecture Arp Iit Kharagpur Baroque Architecture Arp Iit Kharagpur 1. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR Baroque Architecture REPORT BY: 19AR10034- Sharvari Sriram 19AR10035- S Sivavel 19AR10036- Soumya Tarafdar 19AR10037- Sparsh Ruhela 19AR10038- T Kavin 19AR10040- Tapan Kumar Sabar 19AR10041- Udbhav Sinha 19AR10042- Yash Saini 19AR10043- Yashraj Bagaria 2. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR Baroque Architecture Baroque Architecture WRITTEN BY: Sharvari Sriram, S Sivavel, Soumya Tarafdar, Sparsh Ruhela, T Kavin, Tapan Kumar Sabar, Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria DESIGNED BY: Sharvari Sriram aroque style was meant to represent the glory of the Roman B Catholic Churches. It was used to emphasise the grandiose of the churches. Later on, however, it went on to display a more subtle and gentle side rather than its violent and theatrical side. Its evolution portrays how it went from showing the contrast between the ideology of Renaissance amongst both the secular and religious forces, to a more subtle change from god to material exuberance. As time went by, Baroque style evolved with the changes in colonialism. Baroque and colonialism Every colonial power brought in different changes with its own unique perks and styles of architecture. One could diveto understand these colonial psyches, just by looking into their works of architecture. • Spain controlled much colonial wealth, which is why the Baroque style developed majorly in Spain. • In France, the colonial money led to the construction of palaces and monarchies by powerful people. • In Portugal, the Santa Engracia church was constructed by use of the Baroque style. It was designed by architect Joao Antunes. 3. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR As colonies changed, societies changed. Like any other period of architecture, even Baroque architecture changed according to the society‘s wishes. Societal Impact The architecture reflevted the hierarchy and the patriarchial emotions of the society prevalent at that time. It portrayed the magnificence and the power of the Church and the aristocracy. It was theatrical and dynamic. Theatrics were used to overwhelm the visitors and bring them into the Church‘s embrace. Baroque style portrayed a fascination for exotic, precious materials whose need arose due to the Church‘s and the aristocracy‘s wish of showing off their magnificence. As the society impacted architecture, particular architectural elements changed too. The report ahead notes down the observations made by our group regarding these architectural changes. Plan Details The fundamental characteristic of Baroque plan was dynamism (normally a sense of motion). Strong curves, rich decoration, and general complexity are all typical features of Baroque architecture or plans. While the full- blown Baroque style was embraced in southern Western Europe, northern Western Europe struck a classical-Baroque compromise. Eventually, the age of Baroque was a time when great strides were made in science and mathematics-witnessed the construction of some of the world’s most magnificent buildings. Most of the plans were derived from basic geometric shapes, an example of which can be seen in the geometrical scheme of Borromini’s Sant ‘Ivo. PROJECT BY: Sharvari Sriram, S Sivavel, Soumya Tarafdar, Sparsh Ruhela, T Kavin, Tapan Kumar Sabar, Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria 4. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR Here, we can see a harmony between the sharp including, St Paul‘s Cathedral (his masterpiece). edges and the curves or spheres. And in the Secondly, the Baroque age has witnessed the other plans too we can see a clustering of oval, rise of Palladian style architecture in England, circle and rectangles. which became massively popular during the subsequent Neoclassical period. Domes Tapan Kumar Sabar, Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria Saini, Yashraj Sinha, Yash Udbhav Sabar, Kumar Tapan T Kavin, Ruhela, Sparsh Tarafdar, Soumya S Sivavel, Sriram, Sharvari PROJECT BY: PROJECT The Baroque Empire witnesses a huge variety in the look of their domes. Some of the common types of domes are: • Onion Domes • Oval Domes • Ottoman Domes Onion Domes: These domes are shaped in the form of an While analysing the baroque architecture, we onion and became a popular element of the saw that England should also be noted in a Baroque architecture of Central Europe discussion of Baroque architecture, for two possibly inspired by the finials of minarets reasons. in Egypt and Syria. One such example is the Smolney Convent/Cathedral, Russia. Firstly, this period was featured by Christopher Wren, who was considered as the greatest of Oval Domes: all English architects. Wren designed lots of London‘s buildings after the Great Fire, Oval plan churches became a type in the 5. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR Renaissance and popular in the Baroque style. Famous example: Santuario di Vicoforte built by Francesco Gallo with major and minor diameters 36 and 25 respectively. This shows the use of perfect square numbers(mathematical precisions) in their architecture. Ottoman Domes: The first large Imperial Mosque of Istanbul in the imported Baroque style was the Nuruosmaniye Mosque (1748–1755). The muquarnas along the arches of the mosque are Baroque and major form of decoration. This establishes a relationship that the building stands as an architectural fusion between Islamic architecture and Baroque Architecture. Illusion Baroque architecture used tricks and illusions to portray its magnificence. It used visual and theatrical illusions aimed to surprise the viewers. These illusions were created in the following ways: • Usage of convex and concave archs, curved walls to give an illusion of increased area. • Usage of light and shadow to trick the eyes of the users to make them believe that they are looking at a bigger area. • Through paintings which gave 3D illusion. • Through usage of opulent colour to give an illusion of magnificence. Light and shadow Certain specific characteristics were seen with respect to the use of light and shadow in Baroque architecture: The use of movement like a curving wall like a fountain with jets of water, a figure portrayed as making a vigorous action; to suggest infinity like a fresco giving the illusion of a boundless sky, a trick of mirrors; light and its effects even through art and the tendency to disregard the boundaries between the various forms of art and to mix together architecture, PROJECT BY: Sharvari Sriram, S Sivavel, Soumya Tarafdar, Sparsh Ruhela, T Kavin, Tapan Kumar Sabar, Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria 6. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR painting and sculpture. Other prominent features It meant to emphasise on drama and Incomplete architectural theatricality by using certain elements of illusion and certain meaning. It played with elements light and shadow, stairs and columns, paintings, Incomplete architectural elements, such as sculptures, materials etc in both the interiors frontons with sections missing, were used which Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria Saini, Yashraj Sinha, Yash Udbhav Sabar, Kumar Tapan T Kavin, Ruhela, Sparsh Tarafdar, Soumya S Sivavel, Sriram, Sharvari and the exterior. It is interesting to see how the BY: PROJECT caused sections to merge and disoriented the architects then merged illusion with geometry eye. to create fantastic elements within their structure. The geometry was maintained by Ornaments larger elements such as plans, columns, domes on the exterior and disrupted by different Ornaments, plaster and marble finishing was sculptures, paintings etc. given to give it a decorative look. Certain elements of these illusions were Naves discovered by the Greats then, namely Bernini, The churches of this era, were characterized by Borromini, Caravaggio amongst few. One oval forms broad naves i.e. the central part of a such method used was the Chiaroscuro effect church where services were held. meant to produce high contrast in certain paintings and the materials used in the interiors to maintain the interplay of light and dark. Not only this but the careful positioning of windows and use of glass in areas such as the domes on the roof created geometrical illusions making the naked eye perceive them as structural elements until they changed with the passage of the day. 7. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR Columns and Stairs Columns in this era were twisted in nature to give it a dynamic feel. Sprial columns give an illusion of motion. The dynamic rhythm of columns and pilasters , central massing, and the protrusion and condensed central decoration add complexity to the structure. PROJECT BY: Sharvari Sriram, S Sivavel, Soumya Tarafdar, Sparsh Ruhela, T Kavin, Tapan Kumar Sabar, Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria 8. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE ARP IIT KHARAGPUR Paintings, frescoes and sculptures Baroque art reflected the religious tensions of the time, especially the Catholic Church in Rome’s desire to reassert its authority. Baroque painting is associated with the Baroque Tapan Kumar Sabar, Udbhav Sinha, Yash Saini, Yashraj Bagaria Saini, Yashraj Sinha, Yash Udbhav Sabar, Kumar Tapan T Kavin, Ruhela, Sparsh Tarafdar, Soumya S Sivavel, Sriram, Sharvari cultural movement, which began in Italy in the BY: PROJECT 17th century. It encompasses a great range of styles , as most important and major painting during the period beginning around 1600 and continuing into the early 18th century
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