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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies Volume 235 Series Editors Robert J. Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK Lakhmi C. Jain, KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest results available in a readily-accessible form. Volumes on interdisciplinary research combining two or more of these areas is particularly sought. The series covers systems and paradigms that employ knowledge and intelligence in a broad sense. Its scope is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence, which may be applied to the solution of world problems in industry, the environment and the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies and innovation strategies employed to make this happen effectively. The combination of intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for a synergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. The series will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, hand- books, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science and technology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions. High quality content is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for the series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that contributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhere to KES quality principles. Indexed by SCOPUS, EI Compendex, INSPEC, WTI Frankfurt eG, zbMATH, Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST), SCImago, DBLP. All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767 Arun K. Somani · Ankit Mundra · Robin Doss · Subhajit Bhattacharya Editors Smart Systems: Innovations in Computing Proceedings of SSIC 2021 Editors Arun K. Somani Ankit Mundra Iowa State University Manipal University Jaipur Ames, IA, USA Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Robin Doss Subhajit Bhattacharya Strategic Research Centre—Centre Accenture Innovations for Cyber Security Research and New Delhi, Delhi, India Innovation (CSRI) Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic) Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ISBN 978-981-16-2876-4 ISBN 978-981-16-2877-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2877-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface The book is a one-pot solution for authors to showcase their work among the research communities, application warehouses, and the public–private sectors. The series is an opportunity to gather research scientific works related to smart solutions concept in context of computational collective intelligence consisting of interaction between smart devices, smart environments, and smart interactions, as well as information technology support for such areas. Data from mentioned areas also need to be stored (after their gathering) in intelligent database systems and to be processed (using smart and intelligent approach). The aim of the series is to make available a plat- form for the publication of books on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes to make the latest results available in a readily accessible form. The innovations provide the latest software tools to be showcased in the book series through publications. The high-quality content with broad range of the topics pertaining to the book series will be peer reviewed and get published on suitable recommendations. Further, this book will provide state of the art to research scholars, scientists, industry learners, and postgraduates from the various domains of engineering and related fields as this incorporates smart IOT systems and the latest innovations in the field of engineering with their paradigms and methods that employ knowledge and intelligence in the research community. This book comprises its scope ranging from smart IOT systems which are having in-built capabilities of handling the research challenges and problems related to energy-aware sensors, smart city projects, wear- able devices, smart healthcare solutions, smart e-learning initiatives, and social impli- cations of IoT. Further, it extends its coverage to the different computational aspects involved in various domains of engineering such as complex security solutions for networks, forensics, parallel computing, and high-performance algorithms and latest communication technologies. v vi Preface Secondarily, this book provides the technological solutions to non-engineering and sciences domain as it contains the fundamentals innovation in the field of engi- neering which turns to be a real solution for their problems. Also, it includes the paradigms which support industries for the development of solutions in favor of society and make everyone’s life easier. Ames, USA Arun K. Somani Jaipur, India Ankit Mundra Burwood, Australia Robin Doss New Delhi, India Subhajit Bhattacharya Contents 1 Architecture Level Fault Tolerance Modeling for SOA Based Systems ...................................................... 1 Swati Goel and Ratneshwer Gupta 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.2 The Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) . 2 1.3 AADL Error Model Annex (EMV2) . 3 1.4 An Online Banking System for Example Demonstration . 4 1.4.1 Error Model . 4 1.5 The Proposed Architecture Level Fault Tolerance Model forSOABasedSystems ................................... 5 1.5.1 Fault Tolerance Model for ApplyLoans Component . 6 1.5.2 Creating Backup Component . 7 1.6 Conclusion and Future Work . 8 References . 9 2 Intelligent Infrastructure and Transportation: A Case of Passenger Transportation System in Jaipur City of Rajasthan .................................................. 11 Mahendra Parihar, Nagaraju Dasari, and Kedar Bhagwat 2.1 Introduction . 12 2.2 Objectives............................................... 14 2.3 Methodology . 14 2.4 Passenger Transportation in Jaipur and Application of ITS: . 15 2.5 Conclusion . 18 References . 19 3 Translation of American Sign Language to Text: Using YOLOv3 with Background Subtraction and Edge Detection ....... 21 Yohan Varghese Kuriakose and Mahesh Jangid 3.1 Introduction . 21 3.2 LiteratureReview ........................................ 22 3.3 Proposed Method and Background . 23 3.3.1 Dataset Creation and Pre-processing . 23 vii viii Contents 3.3.2 CannyEdgeDetection............................. 23 3.3.3 YOLOv3 ........................................ 25 3.4 Experimental Results . 26 3.5 Conclusion . 27 References . 29 4 Economic Analysis of Energy Efficient Transportation in India with Special Reference to the Passenger Movement ....... 31 Mahendra Parihar, Kedar Bhagwat, and Nagaraju Dasari 4.1 Introduction . 32 4.2 Objectives............................................... 33 4.3 Methodology . 34 4.4 Energy Efficient Transportation and Our Analysis: An Indian Perspective . 34 4.5 Scope of the Study . 39 4.6 LimitationsoftheStudy................................... 39 4.7 Conclusion . 39 References . 40 5 Digital Watermarking Techniques and Their Analysis ............ 41 Payal Garg and Ajit Kumar Jain 5.1 Introduction . 41 5.2 LiteratureSurvey......................................... 42 5.3 Digital Image Watermarking Process . 45 5.4 Digital Watermarking Techniques . 46 5.5 Classification of Various Digital Watermarking Techniques . 49 5.6 Comparative Analysis of Digital Watermarking Techniques . 49 5.7 ApplicationofDigitalWatermarking ........................ 50 5.8 Conclusion . 51 References . 52 6 Smart City Solution: Enhancing Capacity Utilization of Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) for Economic Viability with Special Reference to Jaipur Metro Rail Network ...........
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