Renewable Energy in N.Enebish and Chinese Expert Team 1. General Situation and Fire Power Total population in Mongolia is 2792300 and total territory is 1566000 km2. The average altitude in Mongolia is 1580m and GDP per capita is GDP $424USD. Power sector of Mongolia is currently operated by State-owned enterprises under supervision of Ministry of Fuel and Energy. There are three main power grids: Central Energy System (CES) linking , capital of the country, , iron-making city; , copper-mining city and Baganuur, -mining city. Total capacity of CES is 786.3 MW, the largest one within 3 grids. East Energy System (EES) centered in is the smallest one with 36MW in capacity. Western Energy System (WES) with constant supply from Russia. These three power grids are not interconnected. All of the power plants in the three main power grids are coal-fired using domestic coal and the total capacity is 828.3 MW. 2. Hydro Power In Mongolia hydropower development has been started 30 years ago under the technical and economic assistance of Russia. The first project of the hydropower development was the Kharkhorin hydropower plant built in 1959. Durgun HPP Project (12MW) on the river Chono-Kharaih is under construction supported by and the commissioning would take place in July 2007. The taishir HPP Project (11MW), supported by Kuveit Fund and Abu Dabi Fund, is to be built on the river Zavkhan and will be finished also in 2007. 100MW and 200MW HPP are in the stage of feasibility study and such feasibility study is supported by Asia Development Bank (ADB). Hydropower resources are mainly distributed at the mountain area in northern part of the country and Fig. 1 shows the situation:

Fig. 1：Hydro Resources in Mongolia

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3. In Mongolia there is abundant sunshine and it is typically received between 2500-3000 hours per year equally about 5－6kWh/m2 per day. The solar resources is much better than other Asia countries and 20% higher than the average level in China. Middle and southern part of Mongolia are the best place in solar energy. The solar resources distribution map are shown bellow:

Fig. 2：Solar Resources in Mongolia In Mongolia, out of 314 Soum centers (village), 127 with 180,000 households live in smaller rural communities or are herding families have no or limited access to electricity. Solar PV is the ideal solution to provide electricity to the un-electrified Soum and families. In 2002, supported by Chinese government and JICA, National Program of “100000 Solar Ger” was started. Through the implementation of the program, more than 40000 herders received solar home systems. Village power demonstration systems have been built: 4 sets of 5-8KW wind/PV hybrid power systems and one 200KW PV powered village system (financed by NEDO, Japan). The larger national village power program is under consideration and the feasibility study is preparing. It is planed by Ministry of Fuel and Energy that 4-5 village power systems using PV or Wind/PV hybrids shall be built in 2006. The feasibility study of VLS-PV at Gobi desert has been finished jointly by Japan and Mongolia. This project will be divided into 3 phases: First phase will be started from 2006 and the total installation will be 1 MWp; the second phase will be started from 2010 and the cumulative installation will be 40MWp; the third phase is from 2020 and the installed capacity will reach to 1 GWp. The electricity produced by this VLS-PV will be feed into CES grid and perhaps also feed into China grid. Now, one 5MWp solar module assembly line is in production and the solar cells should be imported from China, Taiwan or Russia.

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4. Wind Power A wind potential survey has been conducted in Mongolia within framework of the international cooperation projects supported by USAID and TACIS in order to produce a reliable wind map. This map (Fig.3) has been issued at end of year 2000 by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USDOE. The survey reveals that in almost 40% of the country’s area, mainly in the south-eastern part, the conditions are good for rural and moderate for utility generation purposes, with wind speeds between 5.6 – 6.4 m/s. More than 10% of the total land area (about 160000 square km) has been considered as “windy land” and estimated to have good-to-excellent wind potential for utility scale applications, with wind speeds between 6.4 – 7.1 m/s.

Fig. 3：Wind Resources in Mongolia The great majority of stand-along wind turbine units used in Mongolia currently are in the range between 100-1500W and more than 4000 sets of such small wind turbines have been installed. 3-5KW wind turbines are also demonstrated at some Soum centers. By now, there has no big wind farm being installed in Mongolia, but the feasibility study and wind resources test have been finished for Salhit 30MW wind farm that located at Sergelen Soum (70 km in the south of Ulaanbaatar). This feasibility study was supported by IFC. The targeted wind turbines of this project are to be selected from3 companies: NEG Micon, GE Wind and Nordex. Feasibility study for Choir 50MW wind farm is also preparing.

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5. Geothermal Resources and Application There are 43 hot spring at northern part of Mongolia and high temperature of 212-260 ºC has been indicated. Currently, geothermal resources has not been well developed, only for spar and bathing at tour resort. There are 44 Soums nearby are burning coal for space heating during winter, usually 7-9 months, and require a lot of coal. Now, ENEX, a company from Iceland, is preparing feasibility study on comprehensive using of geothermal energy in Mongolia. The Distribution of geothermal resources is shown in Fig. 4.

Fig.4：Geothermal Resources in Mongolia

6. Renewable Energy Program in Mongolia The National Program for Renewable Energy was endorsed by the State Great Hural (Parliament) of Mongolia on June 9, 2005. The development targets, activities and final output between 2005-2010 have been described in the program and the targets and activities in middle term between 2011-2020 are also programmed. The National Program for RE calls for ambitious targets: increasing the renewable energy share to 3-5% of total gross energy production by 2010 and to 20-25% by 2020. Near Term Activities： z Establishing of 100MW hydro power plant and finishing the feasibility study of 220MW hydro power plant； z Providing electricity to the un-electrified Soums by grid extension, solar PV and wind power； z Continuing the program of “100000 Solar Ger” and finished by 2010. Electrify all remaining un-electrified herder families, farms tourist camps with

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solar and renewable electricity by 2020； z Construction of 30－50MW medium sized wind farms and feed the wind electricity into the grid either Mongolia or China. z Promoting development of biomass and geothermal resources.

Projects have been on the list of Mongolia government ： z Orkhon 100MWHydro Power Plant； z Choir 50MWWind Farm； z First phase of Sainshand Gobi desert VLS-PV (1MWp)； z 3 hydro power plants ranged 150－470KW； z Geothermal power and thermal co-generation demonstration; z 120KW Village Power by wind/PV hybrid System； z 12 PV Powered Village Systems for Soums； z “100000 Solar Ger” program （continuing）。

All of above projects are looking for financial and technical cooperation.

Beijing Jike Energy New Tech Development Co.

Oct. 25, 2005

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