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Theory of the Beautiful Game: the Unification of European Football
Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 54, No. 3, July 2007 r 2007 The Author Journal compilation r 2007 Scottish Economic Society. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA, 02148, USA THEORY OF THE BEAUTIFUL GAME: THE UNIFICATION OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL John Vroomann Abstract European football is in a spiral of intra-league and inter-league polarization of talent and wealth. The invariance proposition is revisited with adaptations for win- maximizing sportsman owners facing an uncertain Champions League prize. Sportsman and champion effects have driven European football clubs to the edge of insolvency and polarized competition throughout Europe. Revenue revolutions and financial crises of the Big Five leagues are examined and estimates of competitive balance are compared. The European Super League completes the open-market solution after Bosman. A 30-team Super League is proposed based on the National Football League. In football everything is complicated by the presence of the opposite team. FSartre I Introduction The beauty of the world’s game of football lies in the dynamic balance of symbiotic competition. Since the English Premier League (EPL) broke away from the Football League in 1992, the EPL has effectively lost its competitive balance. The rebellion of the EPL coincided with a deeper media revolution as digital and pay-per-view technologies were delivered by satellite platform into the commercial television vacuum created by public television monopolies throughout Europe. EPL broadcast revenues have exploded 40-fold from h22 million in 1992 to h862 million in 2005 (33% CAGR). -
Women's Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971-2011
Women’s Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971-2011 A Project Funded by the UEFA Research Grant Programme Jean Williams Senior Research Fellow International Centre for Sports History and Culture De Montfort University Contents: Women’s Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971- 2011 Contents Page i Abbreviations and Acronyms iii Introduction: Women’s Football and Europe 1 1.1 Post-war Europes 1 1.2 UEFA & European competitions 11 1.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter Two: Sources and Methods 36 2.1 Perceptions of a Global Game 36 2.2 Methods and Sources 43 References 47 Chapter Three: Micro, Meso, Macro Professionalism 50 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Micro Professionalism: Pioneering individuals 53 3.3 Meso Professionalism: Growing Internationalism 64 3.4 Macro Professionalism: Women's Champions League 70 3.5 Conclusion: From Germany 2011 to Canada 2015 81 References 86 i Conclusion 90 4.1 Conclusion 90 References 105 Recommendations 109 Appendix 1 Key Dates of European Union 112 Appendix 2 Key Dates for European football 116 Appendix 3 Summary A-Y by national association 122 Bibliography 158 ii Women’s Football, Europe and Professionalization 1971-2011 Abbreviations and Acronyms AFC Asian Football Confederation AIAW Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women ALFA Asian Ladies Football Association CAF Confédération Africaine de Football CFA People’s Republic of China Football Association China ’91 FIFA Women’s World Championship 1991 CONCACAF Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football CONMEBOL -
England Premier League, Championship, League One, League Two Divisions 2016 - 17
England Premier League, Championship, League One, League Two Divisions 2016 - 17 England - Premier League 2016/17 England - Championship 2016/17 P T Team PL W D L GH W D L GA W D L GT PT Last RES P T Team PL W D L GH W D L GA W D L GT PT Last RES 1 ● CHELSEA 32 24 3 5 65:27 13 0 2 39:11 11 3 3 26:16 75 Champions L.. L W W 1 ● BRIGHTON 42 27 8 7 71:35 16 3 2 44:12 11 5 5 27:23 89 Promotion W W W 2 ● TOTTENHAM 32 21 8 3 68:22 15 2 0 43:8 6 6 3 25:14 71 Champions L.. W W W 2 ● NEWCASTLE 42 26 7 9 75:36 13 3 5 42:22 13 4 4 33:14 85 Promotion D L W 3 ● LIVERPOOL 33 19 9 5 69:40 11 4 1 41:16 8 5 4 28:24 66 Champions L.. W W D 3 ● HUDDERSFIELD 41 24 5 12 53:48 15 2 4 33:19 9 3 8 20:29 77 Prom Poffs W L W 4 ● MAN CITY 32 19 7 6 63:35 8 6 1 27:15 11 1 5 36:20 64 Champ. Leag.. W W L 4 ● READING 42 23 7 12 59:58 14 5 2 32:15 9 2 10 27:43 76 Prom Poffs W L W 5 ● MAN UTD 31 16 12 3 48:24 7 9 1 23:11 9 3 2 25:13 60 Europa Lea. -
German Football: History, Culture, Society
1111 2111 German Football 3 4 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 German Football: History, Culture, Society provides unprecedented analysis 4 of the place of football in post-war and post-reunification Germany, revealing 5 the motives and drives underlying Germany’s successful bid to host the 2006 6 World Cup finals. 7 The contributors explore the significance of football in German sporting 8 and cultural life, showing how football has emerged as a major focus 9 for the expression of a coherent national identity and as evidence of the 20111 restoration of German national pride in the post-World War II period. 1 Major themes include: 2 3 • German football’s desire for success on the international stage 4 • Footballing expressions of local, regional and national identity 5 • The East European legacy 6 • Ethnic dynamics, migrant populations and Europeanization 7 • German football’s commercial economy 8 • Women’s football in Germany 9 • Literary and media perceptions of the German game 30111 1 With contributions from a range of disciplinary perspectives, German 2 Football illuminates key cultural moments – the 1954 victory, the founding 3 of the Bundesliga in 1963, the 1974 World Cup victory as hosts, its third 4 World Cup triumph in Italia ’90, the winning bid for 2006 – from a variety 5 of angles. 6 The result is an innovative, open-minded and critical analysis of football’s 7 burgeoning significance in German cultural life, which will be of import- 8 ance to readers in Sport Studies and German Studies alike and of interest 9 as well to followers of the world game. -
The Relationship Between Team Ability and Home Advantage in the English Football League System
The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system RAMCHANDANI, Girish <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-9382>, MILLAR, Robbie and WILSON, Darryl Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/28515/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version RAMCHANDANI, Girish, MILLAR, Robbie and WILSON, Darryl (2021). The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 51 (3), 354-361. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Main Article Ger J Exerc Sport Res Girish Ramchandani · Robbie Millar · Darryl Wilson https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00721-x Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK Received: 9 July 2020 Accepted: 16 April 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system Introduction for men’s and women’s competition. Te 1995). In other words, performance has HA found for football in the Pollard two components, namely: quality and Te phenomenon of home advantage et al. (2017a) study was somewhat below HA. If every team in a league enjoys the (HA), where home teams in sports com- its historical position relative to other same level of HA, then performance is petitions win over half of the games sports. Within football, the existence dependent on quality alone; however, played under a balanced home and away of HA across national domestic leagues if some teams have superior HA then schedule (Courneya & Carron, 1992), worldwide was illustrated by Pollard their performance will be naturally en- has received widespread attention from and Gomez (2014a). -
Global Football Coverage As of June 23Rd 2016
GLOBAL FOOTBALL COVERAGE AS OF JUNE 23RD 2016 TIER 6: Updated When a Tier 6 Event Happens TIER 6 COVERAGE MATCH DETAILS • Match date • Goals/Shots by half • Announced Injury Time • Match start time • Jersey/Shorts colour • Penalty shootouts • Match type • Suspensions (Selected Competi- • Managers for each team • Stadium tions Only) • Players listed for each team: • Week/Match number (if applica- • Starting Line-Up • Position ble) • Bench • Shirt number • Visiting team • Substitutions • Height • Home team • Formations • Weight • Win, draws, losses for each team, • Match outcome • Birth date/location points for the season • Clock Start/Stop X/Y LOCATION DATA COLLECTED - MATCH & SEASON • 50-50 Ball Won/Lost • Fouls Suffered • Second Assists • Aerial Duel Won/Lost • Goalkeeper Distribution • Shot • Blocks • Goals • Shot on Target • Cards • Interceptions • Successful Pass • Catches • Key Pass • Touches • Clearance • Offsides • Tackles • Corner kicks • Passes received • Throw-In • Crosses • Run With Ball • Unsuccessful Pass • Fouls Committed • Saves ADDITIONAL INFORMATION • Goal Situation • Cross Results • Save Type • Shot Type • Cross Description • Foul Description • Shot Description • Corner Results • Pass Description • Shot Result Locations • Corner Description • Minutes Played • Assist Description • Card Reason DERIVED DATA FOR MATCH & SEASON - INCLUDING: • Passing Accuracy • Shot Accuracy • Possession • Pass Direction • Shot Location Breakdowns • Possession Advanced in Metres • Pass Length • Crossing Accuracy • Clean Sheets • Pass Location -
African Nationals in Allsvenskan, 1977– 2010
APPENDIX A African Nationals in Allsvenskan, 1977– 2010 African nationality and/or African place of birth Name Club and season in Allsvenskan (appearances/goals) Position Previous club/country prior to Allsvenskan / Subsequent club/country after Allsvenskan Algeria Samir Beloufa 2007– 2008 Helsingborgs IF 15/1 Defender K.V.C. Westerlo (Belgium First Division 2006) / Royal Olympic Club de Charleroi- Marchienne (Belgium Third Division 2010) Angola João Yamba Asha (alternatively Yamba Asha João) 2006 Östers IF 4/0 Defender Atlético Sport Aviação (Angola First Division 2005) / Petro Atlético Luanda (Angola First Division 2007) Paulo José Lopes de Figueiredo 2006 Östers IF 13/1 Midfielder Varzim SC (Portugal Second Division 2005) / FC Ceahlău (Romania Second Divi- sion 2007) Benin Razak Omotoyossi 2007– 2008 Helsingborgs IF 33/16 Forward 154 O Appendix A FC Sheriff Tiraspol (Moldova First Division 2007) / Al-Nassr FC (Saudi Arabia First Division 2008) Cameroon Eric Magloire Bassombeng 2008– 2010 Örebro SK 35/5 Midfielder Les Astres FC (Cameroon First Division 2007) Joseph Elanga 2001– 2005, 2010 Malmö FF 131/5 Defender Apollon Limassol (Cyprus First Division 2000) / Brøndby IF (Denmark First Divi- sion 2005) AC Horsens (Denmark First Division 2009 on loan from Brøndby IF) Patrice Kwedi 2004 IFK Göteborg 3/0 Defender NK Pomorac Kostrena (Croatia First Division 2003) / AGF Aarhus (Denmark First Division 2005) Bertin Samuel Zé Ndille 2008– 2010 Örebro SK 17/0 Defender Canon Sportif de Yaoundé (Cameroon First Division 2007) Joseph Nguijol 2005 Gefle IF 2/0 Midfielder AV.S. Frontignan A.C. (France Third Division 2004) / Carlstad United (Sweden Second Division 2006) Cape Verde Mateus Lopes 2005 Assyriska FF 4/0 Forward Portimonense S.C. -
Track and Ball Gaming
TRACK AND BALL AVAILABLE MARKETS 90 Minutes 3way 1st Half Last Corner GAMING Double Chance 2nd Half Odd/Even Exotics Anytime Goalscorer HT/FT Home/Away Team MAXIMUM PAYOUT Player Sent Off First 10 Minutes 3 way Home/Away to Score R1 000 000 1st Team to Score in Both Halves Total Goals Home/Away to Win 15 - 18 MAY 2021 Either Half BRANCHES Correct Score including others Both Halves Over 1.5 Player Sent Off Chatsworth - Shopping Centre Pietermartizburg Corner Total (Aggregated) Matchbet & Totals Shop 1 Danmar Centre, 339 Greyling Street Correct Score 13 Joyhurst Street Tel: 033 345 5578 1st Half Cleansheet Double Chance and Both Home/Away Team Tel: 031 402 0787 Teams to Score Stanger 1st Half Correct Score Exact Bookings Durban North 5 Jackson Street 1st/2nd Half Double Chance Shop 10, 11 Brownsdrift Road, Tel: 032 552 1512 First Corner & Both Teams to Score Park Boulevard, First Goalscorer Tel: 031 563 4260 Umlazi 1st Exact Bookings First Team Booked Shop F201, 1st Thuthuka Junction, 1st Exact Number of Goals Overport Umlazi Mega City, Handicap Shop 57, The Atrium, 430 50 Griffiths Mxenge Highway 1st Half - 1st Team Booked Match Bookings Ridge Road, Durban Tel: 031 912 1654 1st Half - 1st Team to Score Tel: 031 207 7650 1st Half Total Corners Mandini 1st/2nd Half Both to Score Total Corners Vryheid Shop 26, Renckens, 1st/2nd Half Total Number of Bookings Shop 5B & Superspar Complex, Double Chance 6 Diamantis Building 1 Old Main Road First Half Totals 164 Kerk Street Tel: 032 454 0187 1st Half - First Corner Tel: 034 314 1651 Bergville -
Success Stories August 2020 Update
PSC Professional Player Placements: Men’s PSC’s Pro Soccer Combines, Trials and Try-outs have proudly secured over 450 trials and signings for our men’s and women’s clients across the World since our first US combine in 2010. Unlike any other company we are happy to list and detail all the professional player placements we have ever achieved for all to see. Where possible we have included links to internal and external sites about the player. Below is a list of all the men’s success stories we have achieved. For a list of all our women’s success stories please click here 429. Bryan Okpala: Signed with B71 (Faroe Islands, Division One) Link: https://pscsocceracademy.com/texas-tryout-attendee-brian-okpala-signs-in-faroe-islands/ 428. Eric MdWoods: Signed with Balzan FC (Malta, Premier League) Link: https://pscsocceracademy.com/mcwoods-secures-third-european-premier-league-contract/ 427. Zisham Bawa: Contract offer with Bodens BK (Sweden, Division Two) Link: N/A 426. Noel Roman: Contract offer with South Hobart FC (Australia, NPL) Link: N/A 425. Deshawon Nembhard: Signed with Charleston Battery (USA, USL Championship) Link: https://www.charlestonbattery.com/news_article/show/1087023 424: Darian McCauley: Signed with Charleston Battery (USA, USL Championship) Link: https://pscsocceracademy.com/charleston-battery-trial-two-psc-tryout-attendee-goalkeepers/ 423: Paul Lewis: Signed with Charleston Battery (USA, USL Championship) Link: https://pscsocceracademy.com/charleston-battery-trial-two-psc-tryout-attendee-goalkeepers/ 422. Joel Vasquez: -
Governance Models Across Football Leagues and Clubs Marston - Governance Models Across C
Building on the first CIES governance study about national associations and leagues, this second FIFA-mandated research analyses the league-club relationship as well as internal Editions CIES club governance models. The authors draw on core areas of club licensing as a basis for an exploratory global comparative analysis of a sample of eighteen leagues and one- hundred and forty-one clubs spanning all six confederations. Covered here are topics including ownership requirements, political representation and decision-making, financial rights and GOVERNANCE MODELS obligations, players’ status, infrastructure, promotion/relegation and the disciplinary ACROSS FOOTBALL LEAGUES process. The authors outline the limits of where league responsibilities end and club ones AND CLUBS begin. At the club level, the study explores the questions of legal form, political representation and management, administrative structure and the role of supporters and links with the community. Camille Boillat & Kevin Tallec Marston The authors highlight the variety of league- club relationships and internal club governance models across the globe. In general, clubs have a strong voice in the management and governance of their leagues. However, the club-league relationships are far from uniform around the world and cannot be categorized as simply either ‘horizontal’ or ‘vertical’. Clubs themselves have diverse internal governance structures, even if there are some common practices. This book serves as a blueprint for future global benchmarking across leagues and clubs. The research will be a valuable resource for professional football stakeholders as well as the academic field. Camille Boillat, a geographer by training, is a scientific collaborator at the International Centre for Sport Studies (CIES), while Kevin Tallec Marston, who earned his PhD in history, works as a research fellow, CIES Academic A research mandate projects manager and teaches on the FIFA on behalf of Master programme. -
Comparative Analysis of Leicester City's English Premier League Title
Roshan Parvez & Raizada (2020): Evaluating Leicester city’s wining the English premier league Nov 2020 Vol. 23 Issue 17 Comparative Analysis of Leicester City’s English Premier League Title Win SK. Abdul Roshan Parvez1 and Shiny Raizada2* 1Student, MBA, 2Assistant Professor, Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Raizada) Abstract Background: Football is a complex game as it requires much game plan, different strategies according to opponents with some statistics. It was a fairy-tale for the sporting world as an underdog team went on to win the premiership with making their core team strong. In this paper, the season 2015/16 of premier league has been investigated and the researcher has analysed how Leicester City emerged as the champions and what went wrong with the big clubs, looking at Leicester City’s last 5 years journey against all odds and logic. Two major aspects of the footballing world have been mentioned which have a great influence and impact on the team’s performance i.e. Transfer market and Manager’s impact. Methods: The data was collected through Several journals, research papers, blogs, newspapers, and articles. Conclusion: The club's signing of players was outstanding in the transfer window and the team got good players in reasonable amounts. The manager’s game plans and strategies with the team’s efforts lead them to success. Their ball possession was negligible while they excelled when it came to counterattack. Finally, they have bagged the title with team effort. We cannot say that it was all about luck as a lot of team involvement was seen and everything felt in the right places at the right time. -
Designed for Disassembly Copyright 2014 by Scott
DESIGNED FOR DISASSEMBLY THE PUSH FOR A NEW APPROACH TO SPORTS ARCHITECTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Scott Jonathan Myers In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master’s of Architecture in the School of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology May 2014 COPYRIGHT 2014 BY SCOTT JONATHAN MYERS DESIGNED FOR DISASSEMBLY THE PUSH FOR A NEW APPROACH TO SPORTS ARCHITECTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY Approved by: Dr. Benjamin Flowers, Advisor School of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Prof. Volkan Alkanoglu School of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Prof. Sabir Khan School of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: April 7, 2014 To my family, for their endless support ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to say thank you to my instructors, for opening my eyes to a vast new world of creative possibility. Thank you to my colleagues, for elevating my expectations, as well as keeping me grounded. Finally, thank you to Benjy, for your unwavering enthusiasm and involvement in this pursuit. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES ix SUMMARY xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 GLIMPSE INTO THE PAST 3 History of Sport 3 History of the Stadium 6 History of the Mega-Event 11 Case Studies 17 3 VIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION 32 Through the Lens of Sport 32 Through the Lens of Sports Architecture 34 Through the Lens of Global Economics and Demographics 39 4 DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY: A PRESCRIPTION 43 5 FUTURE LEGACY 47 By the Numbers 48