STATEMENT OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE & CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT ASHFORD HALL Ashford-in-the-Water Derbyshire DE45 1QA Local Planning Authority Peak District National Park Authority Site centred at SK 20003 69760 Author Adam Bench - BA Dip Arch RIBA AABC Checked by Raida Kassim-Bench June 2018 Revision E Bench Architects 17187 – ASHFORD HALL www.bencharchitects.co.uk Ashford-in-the-Water, Derbyshire, DE45 1QA CONTENTS PAGE 01 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1922 - 3RD EDITION OS MAP 28 1904 - ASHFORD HALL PLANS & SECTION 29 1910 - ASHFORD HALL DRAINAGE PLAN 30 02 - INTRODUCTION 5 1900 - ASHFORD HALL - COTTAGE PLAN 31 STUDY SCOPE 5 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 6 03 - GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 7 06 - PHOTOGRAPH OF ASHFORD HALL 32 GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION 7 EARLY SETTLEMENT / ANGLO-SAXON ASHFORD 8 07 - PHOTOGRAPH OF GARDENERS COTTAGE 34 04 - ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 9 07 - PHOTOGRAPH OF STABLES BLOCK 35 DEMESNE, MANOR, AND ECCLESIASTIC TITHES 9 1550 THE CAVENDISH ESTATE - FEOFFMENT, MOIETY AND GENTRIFICATION 10 09 - CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 37 1703-1720 JOSEPH ROTHERHAM 10 1721 - 1819 THE BARKER FAMILY 11 2017 SURVEY / EXISTING DRAWINGS 37 COMMERCIAL INTERESTS 12 COMMERCIAL INTERESTS 13 10 - CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS- ASHFORD HALL 38 JOHN BAKER & JOSEPH PICKFORD 14 1819 - 1938 THE DEVONSHIRE PERIOD 15 1938-2010 OLIVIER PERIOD 15 11 - CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS - GARDENERS COTTAGE 39 05 - CARTOGRAPHIC APPRAISAL 16 1616 - WILLIAM SENIOR - THORPE / SMITHE/ DEMAINES 16 12 - CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS- STABLES BLOCK 1756 - SAMUEL BRAILSFORD MAP 17 (COACH HOUSE) 40 1766 - ASHFORD & SHELDON TITHE MAP 18 1791 - BURDETT’S MAP OF DERBYSHIRE 19 1796 - HALL END IN ASHFORD - THOMAS BARKER 20 APPENDIX A - BIBLIOGRAPHY 41 1818 - R STALEY, SURVEYOR 21 1824 - GEORGE UNWIN MAP 22 APPENDIX B - LISTING DESCRIPTIONS 42 1824 - GEORGE UNWIN MAP - ANNOTATED PROPOSED ALTERATIONS 23 1847 - ASHFORD COMPLETE MAP 24 1848 - ASHFORD TITHE MAP 24 1857 - ASHFORD TITHE MAP REVISED BY E. CAMPBELL 25 1879 - 1ST EDITION OS MAP 26 1898 - 2ND EDITION OS MAP 27 Bench Architects 17187 – ASHFORD HALL www.bencharchitects.co.uk Ashford-in-the-Water, Derbyshire, DE45 1QA AUTHORISATION Job Title: Ashford Hall, DERBYSHIRE DE451QA Reference: 17187 ©Adam Bench Architects Ltd. 2018 Bench Architects have prepared this document in the course of an assignment for Peter Hunt (“the Client”), the conditions of which were set out in the appointment for services and agreed by the Client. Bench Architects shall not be responsible for the use of the drawings or contents for any purpose other than those for which it was prepared and provided. Should the Client require to pass copies of the report to other parties for information, the whole of the report should be so copied, but no liability shall be incurred or warranty extended by Bench Architects to any other parties in connection with the report without explicit written agreement thereto by Bench Architects. Authorized by: Adam Bench - RIBA Position: Company Director For Bench Architects Date: Issue and Amendment Record Date Detail May 2018 1 digital copy for PDNPA 09/05/18 1 digital & hard copy for Client June 2018 1 digital copy for PDNPA & hard copy for Client &XOWXUDO+HULWDJH$VVHVVPHQW +HULWDJH6LJQL¿FDQFH Page 3 of 41 Bench Architects 17187 – ASHFORD HALL www.bencharchitects.co.uk Ashford-in-the-Water, Derbyshire, DE45 1QA 01 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY JOHN BARKER’S - HALL END The Ashford Hall - Barker land ownership correlates 7KH\DUHVLJQL¿FDQWDVEHLQJWKHRQO\WKFHQWXU\OHDG SUMMARY with Edward Cheney’s Hall End plot2 which was business whose records, to a considerable degree, are constrained by the Turnpike - Churchdale Lane which extant. The Manor of Ashford and its Chapelry were exchanged ran along of southern and eastern curtilage, connecting $VKIRUG+DOOLVFXOWXUDOO\DQGDUFKLWHFWXUDOO\VLJQL¿FDQW and let on multiple occasions during the medieval Ashford village to Hassop and Great Longstone. because it is an important example of a c.1777 Country period. THE CAVENDISH ESTATE - THE House attributed to the leading Derbyshire architect The original c.1777 curtilage was tight and constrained ASHFORD HALL PARKLAND Joseph Pickford. From 1550 Sir William Cavendish, ancestor of the Duke comprising a Forecourt / Upper & Lower Yards / of Devonshire, was the proprietor and owner of Ashford Stabling / Fish Pond & Walled Garden / Pastures and a It was commissioned by the Barkers Family who Manor. small Plantation3. ZHUH HVSHFLDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH In 1816 Thomas Barker, the builder's son, died and in Derbyshire Lead Industry. The 1766 Ashford Tithe Map - illustrates the Ashford 1819 the heir - John Henry Barker - retired to Bakewell Hall plot (formerly Hall End) as being in the Ownership THE BARKER FAMILY - STEWARDS & and the Hall was sold to the 6th Duke of Devonshire Ashford Hall’s curtilage was originally tight and Edward Cheney. LEAD MERCHANTS (1790-1858) for £14,000 with 1,000 acres, who let it to constrained by patterns of 17th century land-ownership William Ashby Ashby (resident 1818 -1830), magistrate, and the limits of Churchdale Lane. The Construction Craven (1991) states - “The architect was almost and agent to the Duke of Devonshire. of the 5th Dukes Carriage Way and the 1819 certainly Joseph Pickford (1734-1782), working there The BARKER FAMILY’S wealth originated from the abandonment of Churchdale Lane enabled the Hall to c.1777. The Derby architect had encountered the Duke Derbyshire Lead Industry and prosperous stewardships Saunders (1993) notes “It was shortly after this that the be set in extensive parkland in which the River Wye was of Devonshire in the early 1760s, and worked almost to both the Duke of Rutland, at Haddon and Belvoir, south front windows were widened and deepened, and PRGL¿HGWRIRUPODNHVZLWKDGMDFHQWDUERUHDOSODQWLQJ exclusively for him in the later 1770s, dealing through and the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth. the entrance turned round to the west, which makes John Barker's second cousin Alexander Barker, of nonsense of Pickford's cool, elegant hall, with its Tower Edensor. The latter is clearly described in papers still These stewardships, dealing, amongst other things, of the Winds screen”. It is more likely that the windows at Chatsworth1 as 'at Ashford Hall', so it may be that he with the receipt of lot and cope payments (mineral were altered between 1857-1879. lived there until his death as tenant of the Duke who duties) to their respective employers, ensured that the later sold it to Alexander's Bakewell-based cousins who Barker family had detailed knowledge of the production The development of extensive Parkland along the River were hereditary agents to the Dukes of Rutland. and prospects of almost every mine in the Peak District, Wye was enabled by the abandonment of Churchdale and gave them the opportunity to lease smelting mills, Lane and the construction of the 5th Dukes Carriage Saunders (1993) attribution of Joseph Pickford as the and the right to smelt duty ores on favourable terms4. Way which following a 1810 Parliamentary Act became architect of Ashford Hall, rests on its similarities to other the 1817 Buxton to Ashford Turnpike. Pickford designs (St. Helen’s House - Derby); and on 7KH %DUNHUV DUH HVSHFLDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW LQ WKDW WKHLU the ornamental detail. In particular, Saunders notes business spanned a transition from small-scale to large- The evolution of the Ashford Hall Parkland is illustrated the distinctive urn with handles in the form of serpents scale organisation, involving a considerable degree in the 1818 Staley5 / 1824 Urwin6 / 1848 - Ashford Tithe7 carved on the east door-pediment, a design associated of horizontal and vertical integration. This comprised / 1857 - Campell8 maps. with Pickford's old colleague, George Moneypenny. the: a) mining and washing of ore; b) the buying, In 1776 Moneypenny was working at Kedleston Hall smelting or burning of ore; and c) the merchanting or Extensive accounts from the period of 1819-1834 verify under Pickford's direction; and Moneypenny’s close disposal of the lead. Barker and Twigg were among the the implementation of the landscape designs illustrated association with Pickford is illustrated by Pickford’s VPHOWHUV ZKR KDG ¿UVW DGRSWHG WKH FXSROD SURFHVV in the cartography. business accounts. Moneypenny used the urn design which superseded the earlier hearth blown with water (and other sundry Pickford designs) on a number of powered bellows. This period of landscape expansion correlates with occasions after the architect's death. the period during which Sir Jeffrey Wyatt (Wyatville) In the 19th century The Barkers commercial interests was reconstructing and extending Chatsworth House Attributions to the parkland design are often inaccurate. GLYHUVL¿HG WR OHDG GHULYDWLYHV SDLQW DQG SLJPHQW (1820-40) for the 6th Duke of Devonshire. (Craven (1991) cites William Emes 1730-1803, www. PDQXIDFWXUHUV5DZVRQDQG%DUNHU 6KHI¿HOG:KLWH parksandgardens.org - cites Joseph Paxton 1803- Lead Company) and coal / ironstone workings. Lord George Henry Cavendish (1810-1880) - brother to the 6th Duke was in residence at Ashford Hall from 1865). 2 A Map of the Manor of Ashford and Sheldon. 1766. 9chains/1inch and associated accounts. 1830-1880. 3 Refer to 1796 Thomas Barker Map of Hall End - Ashford. 1 C/139 - Barker, Alexander 1773 -1779: Account with Chatsworth L/76/29 5 R Staley, Surveyor - 1818 Map of the Land at Ashford the trustees of Lords Richard and George Henry Cavendish and Hall - Chatsworth ref. 2639 (1818) AS/1728; AS/22 the accounts of Alexander Barker