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Future of the Finnish Engineering Education – a Collaborative Stakeholder Approach

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Future of the Finnish Engineering Education – a Collaborative Stakeholder Approach FUTURE OF THE FINNISH ENGINEERING EDUCATION – A COLLABORATIVE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH Kati Korhonen-Yrjänheikki PUBLISHER: Academic Engineers and Architects in Finland – TEK Ratavartijankatu 2, 00520 Helsinki, Finland LAYOUT: Juhani Mykkänen / Punkmedia Oy COVER: © iStockPhoto.com/merrymoonmary PRINT: Miktor, Helsinki ISBN 978-952-5633-48-1 © Kati Korhonen-Yrjänheikki and TEK. All rights reserved. FUTURE OF THE FINNISH ENGINEERING EDUCATION – A COLLABORATIVE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH Doctoral dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission of the School of Science for public examination and debate in Auditorium TU1 at the Aalto University School of Science (Espoo, Finland) on the 29th of April 2011 at 12 noon. Kati Korhonen-Yrjänheikki ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE P.O. BOX 15500, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author Kati Korhonen-Yrjänheikki Name of the dissertation Future of the Finnish Engineering Education – A Collaborative Stakeholder Approach Manuscript submitted 10.11.2010 Manuscript revised 7.3.2011 Date of the defence 29.4.2011 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) School School of Science Department Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Field of research Service Operations Opponent(s) Professor Markku Mattila Supervisor Professor Paul Lillrank Instructor Docent Osmo Kuusi Abstract The dissertation sheds light on how to develop the Finnish engineering education to face the anticipated challenges of the future based primarily on the views of the key stakeholders. The research questions are: What kind of a framework can be developed for selecting participants for a group communication process of key stakeholders when aiming at capturing future prospects and enhancing development of engineering education nationally, in this case in the context of Finland (RQ 1)? What are the future prospects and development proposals for the Finnish engineering education based on the views of the key stakeholders on the past, present and future, as well as literature and statistics describing the long-term develop- ment and present (RQ 2)? The study can be regarded as a strategic prospective foresight study, the subsequent focus being on option and commit- ment reasonability. The primary sources of knowledge are three stakeholder group communication processes: an anony- mous Argument Delphi, an Open Futures Search event, and the work process of the National Collaboration Group for the Finnish Engineering Education. The theoretical discussion for developing the participant selection framework consists of stakeholder concept and identification, creation of knowledge, and member and group characteristics. By combining this with empirical experiences gathered during stakeholder processes, the researcher develops a framework for participant selection. The key findings of the study regarding future prospects of the Finnish engineering education and key proposals for action are summarized in eight statements. The researcher argues that the most severe skills shortages of engineering graduates compared to future needs are in collaborative learning skills. The study contains a proposal for a conceptual model for enhancing the collabora- tive learning skills of graduates. The study suggests that face-to-face group communication has potential for providing several benefits over anonymous group communication in futures studies. The researcher claims that the most important advantage is the possibility to mobilize both individual- and collective-driven social learning cycles through face-to-face dialogue that enables grasping of tacit knowledge, and through presencing the emerging self-transcending knowledge. However, because of the problem of groupthink, the researcher maintains that anonymous group communication is a useful additional tool in initiating change and bringing potentially conflicting and delicate issues up to discussion, and thereby improving identification of different options for the future. The research contribution of the study is three-fold. First, the results of the study have high practical value for the devel- opment of the Finnish engineering education. Second, the framework developed for participant selection and the experi- ences gathered during the three group communication processes with stakeholders, are useful in developing engineering education also outside Finland. Third, the researcher contributes to the development of futures research methodologies by discussing the differences in knowledge creation between anonymous and face-to-face group communication methodolo- gies. Keywords engineering education, future prospects, stakeholders, collaborative learning, group communication ISBN (printed) 978-952-5633-48-1 ISSN (printed) ISBN (pdf) 978-952-5633-49-8 ISSN (pdf) Language English Number of pages 317 p. (234+83) Publisher Academic Engineers and Architects in Finland – TEK Print distribution Academic Engineers and Architects in Finland – TEK The dissertation can be read at http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2011/isbn9789525633498/ 4 VÄITÖSKIRJAN TIIVISTELMÄ AALTO-YLIOPISTO PERUSTIETEIDEN KORKEAKOULU PL 15500, 00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Tekijä Kati Korhonen-Yrjänheikki Väitöskirjan nimi Suomalaisen tekniikan korkeakoulutuksen tulevaisuus – sidosryhmäyhteistyön näkökulma Käsikirjoituksen päivämäärä 10.11.2010 Korjatun käsikirjoituksen päivämäärä 7.3.2011 Väitöstilaisuuden ajankohta 29.4.2011 Monografia Yhdistelmäväitöskirja (yhteenveto + erillisartikkelit) Korkeakoulu Perustieteiden korkeakoulu Laitos Tuotantotalouden laitos Tutkimusala Palvelutuotanto Vastaväittäjä(t) Professori Markku Mattila Työn valvoja Professori Paul Lillrank Työn ohjaaja Dosentti Osmo Kuusi Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa selvitetään miten suomalaista tekniikan korkeakoulutusta tulisi kehittää ennakoituihin tulevaisuuden haas- teisiin vastaamiseksi perustuen pääasiassa keskeisten sidosryhmien näkemyksiin. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat: (1) Minkälainen toimintamalli voidaan luoda osallistujien valitsemiseksi keskeisistä sidosryhmistä koostuvaan ryhmäkommunikaatioproses- siin, jonka tavoitteena on edistää tekniikan korkeakoulutuksen kehittymistä kansallisesti, tässä tapauksessa Suomessa? (2) Mitkä ovat suomalaisen tekniikan korkeakoulutuksen tulevaisuudennäkymät, ja toimenpide-ehdotukset alan koulutuksen kehittämiseksi, perustuen keskeisten sidosryhmien näkemyksiin menneisyydestä, nykyhetkestä ja tulevaisuudesta sekä kirjallisuuteen ja tilastoihin pidemmän aikajänteen kehityksestä ja nykytilasta? Väitöskirja on luonteeltaan strateginen ennakointitutkimus, jonka painopisteenä on vaihtoehtoisten tulevaisuuksien kartoittaminen ja sitouttaminen tulevaisuuden tekemiseen. Ensisijaisena tutkimusaineistona on kolme sidosryhmien kom- munikaatioprosessia: anonyymi Argument Delphi -paneeli, Open Futures Search -työpaja sekä tekniikan korkeakoulutuksen kansallisen yhteistyöryhmän työprosessi. Osallistujien valintamallin teoriaperusta koostuu kolmesta näkökulmasta: sidosryhmä-konsepti ja sidosryhmien tunnista- minen, tiedon luominen sekä ryhmän ja sen jäsenten ominaisuudet. Yhdistämällä teoriaperusta sidosryhmäprosessien kaut- ta saatuihin empiirisiin kokemuksiin tutkija luo mallin osallistujien valitsemiseksi. Tulokset suomalaisen tekniikan korkeakou- lutuksen tulevaisuudennäkymistä toimenpide-ehdotuksineen on tiivistetty kahdeksaan väitteeseen. Tutkijan näkemyksen mukaan vastavalmistuneiden insinöörien ja diplomi-insinöörien osaamisen vakavimmat puutteet suhteessa tulevaisuuden ennakoituihin tarpeisiin liittyvät yhteisöllisen oppimisen taitoihin. Osana tutkimuksen tuloksia on esitetty käsitteellinen viitekehys yhteisöllisen oppimisen taitojen kehittymisen edistämiseksi. Väitöskirjassa esitetään, että tulevaisuustutkimuksessa kasvokkaisella ryhmäkommunikaatiolla on anonyymiin verrattuna useita mahdollisia etuja. Tutkijan mukaan keskeisimpänä etuna on tilaisuus käynnistää samanaikaisesti sekä yksilölähtöinen että yhteisöllinen oppimisprosessi. Yhteisöllinen oppimisprosessi mahdollistaa dialogin avulla hiljaisen tiedon luomisen ja autenttisen yhteisöllisen läsnäolon kautta muotoutumassa olevan tulevaisuustiedon tavoittamisen. Ryhmäajattelun -ongel- masta johtuen tutkija esittää kuitenkin, että anonyymi ryhmäkommunikaatio on hyödyllinen lisäkeino parantaa vaihtoeh- toisten tulevaisuuksien tunnistamista helpottamalla arkaluonteisten ja ristiriitaa herättävien aiheiden esiin nostamista sekä muutoksen käynnistämistä. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää laajasti suomalaisen tekniikan korkeakoulutuksen kehittämisessä. Luotu toimintamalli osallistujien valitsemiseksi ja sidosryhmäkommunikaatioprosessien kokemukset ovat käyttökelpoisia myös Suomen ulkopuolella. Lisäksi anonyymin ja kasvokkain ryhmässä tapahtuvan kommunikaation tiedon luomisen erojen analysointi tuo lisäarvoa tulevaisuustutkimuksen metodologioiden kehittämiseen. Asiasanat tekniikan korkeakoulutus, tulevaisuudennäkymät, sidosryhmät, yhteisöllinen oppiminen, ryhmäkommunikaatio ISBN (painettu) 978-952-5633-48-1 ISSN (painettu) ISBN (pdf) 978-952-5633-49-8 ISSN (pdf) Kieli englanti Sivumäärä 317 s. (234+83) Julkaisija Tekniikan akateemiset TEK Painetun väitöskirjan jakelu Tekniikan akateemiset TEK Luettavissa verkossa osoitteessa http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2011/isbn9789525633498/ 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS o deeply know a thing is to love it. Behind the motivation to conduct this research lies a two- fold belief. First, engineering education can make a difference in enhancing the well-being of people and the
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