A research project supported by the European Commission FP5: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Developmen t www.watertime.org Key Action 4: City of Tomorrow and Cultural Heritage Thematic Priority 4.1.2: Improving the quality of urban li fe watertime@ watertime.org Contract No: EVK4-2002-0095 D22: WaterTim e case study - Häm eenlinna, Finland Dr Jarmo J. Hukka and Dr Osmo T. Seppälä1 Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology Tampere University of Technology, Finland 31st January 2005 One of 29 WaterTime case studies on decision-making on water systems Watertime case studies Estonia: Tallinn Finland: Tampere, Hämeenlinna France: Grenoble Germany: Berlin, Munich Hungary: Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged Italy: Arezzo, Bologna, Milan, Rome Lithuania: Kaunas, Vilnius Netherlands: Rotterdam Poland: Gdansk, Lodz, Warsaw Romania: Bucharest, Timisoara Spain: Cordoba, Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, Gran Canaria Sweden: Stockholm UK: Cardiff, Edinburgh, Leeds www.watertime.org 1 Contacts: Dr. Jarmo Hukka - jarmo.hukka@ tut.fi; Dr Osmo T. Seppälä - osmo.seppala@ plancenter.fi WaterTime partners: PSIRU, Business School, University of Greenwich, UK ERL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology (IEEB), Tampere University of Technology, Finland International Water Affairs, Hamburg, Germany Eötvös József College, Hungary Coordinator: PSIRU, Business School, University of Greenwich, Park Row, London SE10 9LS, U.K. www.watertime.org Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 CITY AND REGION BACKGROUND 3 3 WATER AND WASTEWATER UNDERTAKING 6 3.1 Background 6 3.2 Water and wastewater undertaking profile 7 3.3 System profile 9 3.4 Region profile 10 3.5 Performance indicators 12 4 ACTORS IN WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES 12 5 EPISODES 13 5.1 Regional cooperation 13 5.1.1 Factors 14 5.1.2 Outcomes 14 6 PARTICIPATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN DECISION MAKING 14 6.1 Participation 14 6.2 Sustainability 15 7 CITY IN TIME 15 8 REFERENCES 16 ANNEX 1 31/01/2005 Page 2 www.watertime.org 1 Introduction The first water works for the Town of Hämeenlinna were constructed in the early 1900s. The opening ceremonies of the first water works were held on 23. November 1910. The supramunicipal cooperation with the neighbouring municipalities has been developed since the late 1990s. Yet, the basis for the regional cooperation was created already in the 1960s, when Hattula municipality decided to collaborate with Hämeenlinna Town in wastewater treatment. Renko municipality became a customer of Hämeenlinna wastewater treatment plant at the beginning of the 1990s, and soon thereafter also Hauho and Tuulos municipalities became customers of the plant. As a final phase, a supramunicipal water and wastewater services joint-stock company owned by Hämeenlinna Town and five neighbouring municipalities, Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd., was established in 2001. The company nowadays takes care of water services in the area. Of the municipalities in Hämeenlinna Region, four have joined the drinking water services system of Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd. (Hämeenlinna, Hattula, Kalvola and Renko), and six have joined the wastewater services system (Hauho and Tuulos in addition to the previous). In Hauho and Tuulos municipalities, drinking water services are arranged through Ydin-Hämeen Vesihuolto Oy. The following persons were interviewed for this report: • Mr Timo Heinonen, Managing Director of Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd. • Mr Jouko Kettunen, Director, Technical Services and the Environment, Town of Hämeenlinna Their views, comments and opinions are gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, Mr Timo Heinonen, Managing Director of Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd has kindly reviewed this report, and his contribution is highly appreciated. 31/01/2005 Page 3 www.watertime.org 2 City and region background Hämeenlinna is situated on the main railway line from Helsinki to Tampere as well as on the junction of a motorway and main road 10 only an hour‘s drive from Helsinki. The Vanajavesi waterway route is a tourist attraction. Well over two million Finns live within a hundred kilometres of the town. Hämeenlinna is located in Hämeenlinna Region, Province of Southern Finland, about 90 kilometres north of Helsinki, the capital. Figure 1. Location of Hämeenlinna (http://www.hameenlinna.fi/english/). Hämeenlinna Region includes eight (8) municipalities: Hämeenlinna Town, Hattula, Hauho, Janakkala, Mis en forme : Anglais Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos municipalities. The area of Hämeenlinna Region is about 3,100 (Royaume-Uni) km2, and the population was about 88,500 on 1.1.2003 (Statistics Finland 2004). The population of Hämeenlinna Town was 46,909 on 1.1.2004. Hämeenlinna is the fifteenth largest town in Finland. The land area of Hämeenlinna Town was 166.6 km2 in 2002, of which the town plan covered 20.5 %. The water area was 18.5 km2 (Town of Hämeenlinna 2003). Hämeenlinna Town was established in 1639 north of the medieval Häme Castle, which was completed by the end of the 15th century. Construction of the castle was started already around year 1280. The first location of the town was found constricted, and in 1777 Sweden‘s King Gustavus III ordered the town to be relocated to its present site. He wanted to expand the castle needed to be expanded (Town of Hämeenlinna 2003). In 1810 there were 1,411 inhabitants in Hämeenlinna, in 1900 the number was 5,454, and in 1935 it had reached 9,494. After the Second World War the town grew rapidly and the number of inhabitants doubled in the 1950s œ 1960s. Population growth was highest in the 1960s and early 1970s. The townscape changed considerably during the 1960s œ 1970s. Yet, the long history still shows, and the medieval castle still dominates the townscape. The market square and main streets are still located as they were in the late 1700s. Some of the empire style buildings from the early 19th century around the Small Market Square have been preserved (Town of Hämeenlinna 2003). Construction of highway number 3 across Hämeenlinna Town and the main railway line have made Hämeenlinna an active and growing business and administrative town during the last few decades. Presently Hämeenlinna is the capital of the Province of Southern Finland. At the end of 2000 there were approximately 21,000 jobs in Hämeenlinna Town and about 34,000 jobs in the entire Hämeenlinna Region (Town of Hämeenlinna 2003). Job self-sufficiency in Hämeenlinna Town was about 110 % and in Hämeenlinna Region about 94 %. 31/01/2005 Page 4 www.watertime.org The Town Council is the supreme decision making body in Hämeenlinna. Its 51 councillors and their deputies are elected in municipal elections held every fourth year. The Town Board is responsible for the municipal administration and financial management, and for preparing matters decision-making by the Town Council, for implementing the Council's decisions, and for controlling the legality of the decisions. The Town Board has 11 members, each with a personal deputy. The annual budget of Hämeenlinna Town for 2004 is about EUR 232.5 million. The budget is based on a municipal tax rate of 18 %. Annual tax revenue is EUR 122 million. State subsidies are EUR 38.33 million, premium income about EUR 25.62 million, and borrowing about EUR 46.57 million which equals to EUR 985 per inhabitant. The estimated net result for 2004 will be EUR 6.145 million or EUR 130 per inhabitant. Personnel costs with overheads in 2004 are estimated to be EUR 78.16 million, which constitutes 49.1 % of the town‘s net current expenditure. In 2002 Hämeenlinna Town had 2,440 employees, 29 % of whom were permanent employees. Figure 2. Municipalities in Hämeenlinna Region. (http://www.hameenlinna.fi/talouskehittaminenhallinto/index.php?id=294). 31/01/2005 Page 5 www.watertime.org 3 Water and wastewater undertaking 3.1 Background The first water works for the Town of Hämeenlinna were constructed in the early 1900s. The opening ceremonies of the first water works were held on 23. November 1910 (Juuti, Rajala and Katko 2000). This was a ground water intake at Ahvenisto esker. Artificial groundwater has been used in Hämeenlinna since 1976. The supramunicipal cooperation with the neighbouring municipalities has been developed since the late 1990s, as described in the episodes in Chapter 5. A supramunicipal water and wastewater services joint- stock company owned by Hämeenlinna Town and five neighbouring municipalities, Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd., was established in 2001. The company nowadays takes care of water services in the area. Of the municipalities in Hämeenlinna Region, four have joined the drinking water services system of Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd. (Hämeenlinna, Hattula, Kalvola and Renko), and six have joined the wastewater services system (Hauho and Tuulos in addition to the previous). In Hauho and Tuulos municipalities, drinking water services are arranged through Ydin-Hämeen Vesihuolto Oy. Because all drinking water supplied to Hämeenlinna Town and other owner municipalities of Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd. is nowadays either natural or artificial groundwater, the drinking water currently meets all quality requirements. The wastewaters of Hämeenlinna Town and five surrounding municipalities are treated mainly at the wastewater treatment plant in Paroinen, Hämeenlinna, and the effluents are discharged into Lake Vanajavesi. The Board of Directors of Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd. consists of nine (9) members. Four of them are from Hämeenlinna Town and one each from other member municipalities (Figure 3). BOARD OF DI RECTORS Hämeenlinna Region Water Ltd. Hämeenlinna City 4, Hattula 1, Kalvola 1, Renko 1, Hauho 1, Tuulos 1 MANAGING DIRECTOR CU STOMER SERVICES 4 PLANNING U NIT 4 Connection supervision Water and w astew ater billing Agreements Work invoicing Surveying, planning and design DRINK ING W ATER U NIT 18 W ASTE W ATER U NIT 19 Water production Wastew ater treatment Q uality control Q uality control Water metering Sludge handling and treatment Construction and O & M of netw orks O & M of plants and netw orks Figure 3.