DOCSLIB.ORG

T-Phylloplanin and Cis-Abienol, Two Natural Products from Tobacco Have Broad Spectrum, Anti-Fungal Activities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
T-Phylloplanin and Cis-Abienol, Two Natural Products from Tobacco Have Broad Spectrum, Anti-Fungal Activities University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES Brian Christopher King University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation King, Brian Christopher, "T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES" (2011). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 208. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/208 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Brian Christopher King The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Brian Christopher King Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. George J. Wagner, Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences Lexington, Kentucky 2011 Copyright © Brian Christopher King 2011 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES Tobacco phylloplanins (T-phylloplanin) are a group of closely-related glycoproteins that are formed and disposed at the interface between the plant aerial surface (the phylloplane) and the atmosphere. They are synthesized in short procumbent trichomes and are secreted to aerial surfaces where they are thought to serve the plant as a first line of defense against fungal pathogens. Here it is shown using in vitro and in planta assays that tobacco and sunflower phylloplanins have broad-spectrum antifungal activities against spores - and also hyphae for two species - of several true fungi. Field tests show that T-phylloplanin reduces diseases caused by three important fungal pathogens of turf grasses. Tobacco phylloplanins are distinct proteins but they have properties in common with small, membrane-pore-forming, antimicrobial peptides formed by other organisms. To directly determine if T-phylloplanin has pore-forming activity we monitored conductivity change and specific ion leakage from spores and hyphae in suspension. Results indicate that phylloplanin causes fungal membrane disruption that leads to ion depletion and cell death. Having observed broad efficacy of T-phylloplanin against spores and/or hyphae of several true fungi, but no activity towards hyphae of the oomycetes, Pythium and Peronospora parasitica, we tested for possible effects on zoospores of the latter two pathogens. T- phylloplanin was shown to be effective against their zoospores, extending the efficacy of T- phylloplanin to include water molds. In the course of these experiments we also tested the effects of the diterpene cis-abienol that is secreted from tall trichomes of tobaccos and found this compound impacted zoospores and could prevent black shank disease caused by P. parasitica when applied to soil-grown tobaccos as a root drench. Thus, results of these studies with phylloplanins and cis-abienol, two different tobacco surface accumulated compounds are consistent with their serving the plant as first line of defense systems against a wide array of invading fungal pathogens. Phylloplanins and cis-abienol may be useful for controlling fungal diseases in tobacco float beds. The efficacy shown here for T- phylloplanin control of fungal pathogens of turf grasses in the field suggests that this natural product may find use in IPM of turf and other crops. Keywords: Phylloplanin, Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia Solani, Broad spectrum, Fungicide T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES By Brian Christopher King George J. Wagner Director of Dissertation Charles T. Dougherty Director of Graduate Studies RULES FOR THE USE OF DISSERTATIONS Unpublished dissertations submitted for the Doctor's degree and deposited in the University of Kentucky Library are as a rule open for inspection, but are to be used only with due regard to the rights of the authors. Bibliographical references may be noted, but quotations or summaries of parts may be published only with the permission of the author, and with the usual scholarly acknowledgments. Extensive copying or publication of the dissertation in whole or in part also requires the consent of the Dean of the Graduate School of the University of Kentucky. A library that borrows this dissertation for use by its patrons is expected to secure the signature of each user. Name Date DISSERTATION Brian Christopher King The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES Dissertation A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Brian Christopher King Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. George Wagner, Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences Lexington, Kentucky 2011 Copyright © Brian Christopher King 2011 This work is dedicated to my daughter Chloe. I wish for her all the best the world has to offer and may she develop to surpass me in every way, intellectually, emotionally and spiritually. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following dissertation has benefited from the insights and direction of several people. I am indebted to each of my committee members for their guidance and advice. I have learned a great deal from each, and will carry their lessons with me as I pursue a rewarding career in plant science. From Dr. David Williams I have gained a much broader knowledge of the turf grasses, and a profound fascination for their extraordinary biology. Dr. Paul Vincelli has taught me a lot about fungi in general, and his passion and skill at teaching has helped to open up this area of science to me. Dr. Michael Barrett has always provided very insightful comments on my work, and has taught me how to critically analyze my own scientific research, as well as that of others. Dr. Elisa D‟Angelo has conferred to me the will to keep trying, even if at first you don‟t succeed; some of life‟s best secrets are not learned in a day. I thank Dr. Paul Bertsch for his continued enthusiasm and positive words as a mentor and the opportunity to learn something beyond my world of plants and fungi. Thanks to Dr. Mark Farman for all that he has taught me and the friendship and lab space we shared. I would especially like to thank my major advisor and mentor, Dr. George J. Wagner, for providing me countless exciting opportunities to express my ideas, and for exemplifying the meaning of true scientific excellence. Every aspect of my graduate career has been molded by him, and I am a much better scientist for it. I am incredibly thankful for my wonderful daughter Chloe who follows in my footsteps as we chase our dreams. She has made my life truly complete. I am thankful for the love and support my parents, Gary and Ramona, have given me throughout my life and for having me as their son. Finally, I would like to thank the faculty, staff, and graduate students from Plant Science and Plant Pathology for their help and friendship. They are truly the best of the best, and I wish them all happiness and success. iii Table of Contents ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION .................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FILES ................................................................................................................ xii BCK_Dissertation, .PDF, 12mb........................................................................................ xii Chapter 1: The State of Turf and the Use of Fungicides .................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction: ............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Phylloplanins Reduce the Severity of Gray Leaf Spot and Brown Patch Diseases on Turfgrasses ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Abbreviations: .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Abstract: ................................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Introduction: ............................................................................................................. 6 2.4. Materials and Methods:............................................................................................ 9 2.4.1. Fungal cultures: ................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phytopythium: Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics
    Persoonia 34, 2015: 25–39 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X685382 Phytopythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics A.W.A.M. de Cock1, A.M. Lodhi2, T.L. Rintoul 3, K. Bala 3, G.P. Robideau3, Z. Gloria Abad4, M.D. Coffey 5, S. Shahzad 6, C.A. Lévesque 3 Key words Abstract The genus Phytopythium (Peronosporales) has been described, but a complete circumscription has not yet been presented. In the present paper we provide molecular-based evidence that members of Pythium COI clade K as described by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) belong to Phytopythium. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian LSU phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU and SSU) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase Oomycetes subunit 1 (COI) as well as statistical analyses of pairwise distances strongly support the status of Phytopythium as Oomycota a separate phylogenetic entity. Phytopythium is morphologically intermediate between the genera Phytophthora Peronosporales and Pythium. It is unique in having papillate, internally proliferating sporangia and cylindrical or lobate antheridia. Phytopythium The formal transfer of clade K species to Phytopythium and a comparison with morphologically similar species of Pythiales the genera Pythium and Phytophthora is presented. A new species is described, Phytopythium mirpurense. SSU Article info Received: 28 January 2014; Accepted: 27 September 2014; Published: 30 October 2014. INTRODUCTION establish which species belong to clade K and to make new taxonomic combinations for these species. To achieve this The genus Pythium as defined by Pringsheim in 1858 was goal, phylogenies based on nuclear LSU rRNA (28S), SSU divided by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) into 11 clades based rRNA (18S) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase1 (COI) on molecular systematic analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • DOLLAR SPOT on Norwegian Golf Courses
    Risk of DOLLAR SPOT on Norwegian golf courses By Tatsiana Espevig (NIBIO, Norway), Karin Normann (Asbjørn Nyholt ApS, Denmark) and Marina Usoltseva (Botanical Analysis Group, Sweden) Popular Scientific Articles - STERF, January 2020 Photo 1. Dollar spot symptoms on a golf green. Photo: T. Espevig Risk of dollar spot on Norwegian golf courses Dollar spot was officially docu- for this disease in Scandinavia and focus of research through the projects mented in Norway in 2013 and in there is no available information on funded by STERF and other actors Sweden in 2014. In Denmark, the resistance to dollar spot in turfgrass (www.sterf.org ). disease has been seen for at least species and cultivars that are used 10 years. As far as we know, the on Scandinavian golf courses. In Dollar spot is caused by a fungus disease exists on at least 20 golf Norway (also in Denmark), the use that in 1937 was defined as Scleroti- courses in the Nordic countries. On of fungicides against dollar spot is nia homoeocarpa. After 75 years of some Nordic courses and for some not permitted, so it is important arguing that the fungus may have been years the damage from dollar spot to have knowledge and experience misplaced and where it really belongs, is severe (up to 70-80% dead grass about the most effective cultural US scientists have recently published on greens and fairways). Even in the methods against dollar spot. a scientific work showing thatS. ho- cases when disease pressure is low, moeocarpa is not a species of Scle- the diseased turf is repaired very rotinia but of Clarireedia which was slow and this leads to uneven play- introduced as a new genus (Salgado- ing surface and a significant reduc- About the disease Salazar et al., 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • CANOPY and LEAF GAS EXCHANGE ACCOMPANYING PYTHIUM ROOT ROT of LETTUCE and CHRYSANTHEMUM a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
    CANOPY AND LEAF GAS EXCHANGE ACCOMPANYING PYTHIUM ROOT ROT OF LETTUCE AND CHRYSANTHEMUM A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph In partial ful filment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science January, 200 1 Q Melanie Beth Johnstone, 200 1 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 191 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services seivices bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, me Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in rnicroform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substanhal extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT CAKOPY AND LEAF GAS EXCHANGE ACCOMPANYING PYTHIUMROOT ROT OF LETTUCE AND CHRYSANTHEMUM Melanie Beth Johnstone Advisors: University of Guelph, 2000 Professor B. Grodzinski Professor J.C. Sutton The first charactenzation of host carbon assimilation in response to Pythium infection is described. Hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.
    [Show full text]
  • EVALUATION of ORGANIC INPUTS for REDUCING DOLLAR SPOT DISEASE on COOL-SEASON TURFGRASSES Cody James Be
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: EVALUATION OF ORGANIC INPUTS FOR REDUCING DOLLAR SPOT DISEASE ON COOL-SEASON TURFGRASSES Cody James Beckley, Master of Science, 2018 Thesis Directed By: Assistant Professor, Dr. Joseph A. Roberts Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Lolium perenne, Poa annua, and Agrostis stolonifera are turfgrass species commonly grown on golf course fairways; however, they are susceptible to dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.). Field studies were conduction to assess: 1) the effects of organic fertilizer treatments and fungicide programs on dollar spot severity; and 2) the impact of organic amendments on dollar spot severity and residual fungicide efficacy. Alternating applications of organic and conventional fungicides reduced seasonal dollar spot severity to the same degree as conventional fungicides. Dollar spot was more severe in Lolium perenne and Poa annua treated with organic fungicides. On A. stolonifera, organic biosolids compost, biochar, and vermicompost amendments suppressed dollar spot to the same degree as conventional fertilizer in year one of the trial, while dollar spot was more severe on A. stolonifera fertilized with organic biosolids compost in year two. Fertilizer treatments had no effect on residual fungicide efficacy on A. stolonifera. EVALUATION OF ORGANIC INPUT EFFECTS FOR REDUCING DOLLAR SPOT DISEASE ON COOL-SEASON TURFGRASSES By Cody James Beckley Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2018 Advisory Committee: Assistant Professor Joseph A. Roberts, Chair Associate Professor Mark J. Carroll Associate Professor Thomas R. Turner Associate Professor Stephanie A. Yarwood © Copyright by Cody James Beckley 2018 Dedication I would like to dedicate this work to my fellow turfgrass managers in the Mid- Atlantic region.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Antifungal Activity of Lolium-Associated Epichloë Endophytes
    microorganisms Article Novel Antifungal Activity of Lolium-Associated Epichloë Endophytes Krishni Fernando 1,2, Priyanka Reddy 1, Inoka K. Hettiarachchige 1, German C. Spangenberg 1,2, Simone J. Rochfort 1,2 and Kathryn M. Guthridge 1,* 1 Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia; [email protected] (K.F.); [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (I.K.H.); [email protected] (G.C.S.); [email protected] (S.J.R.) 2 School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61390327062 Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 19 June 2020; Published: 24 June 2020 Abstract: Asexual Epichloë spp. fungal endophytes have been extensively studied for their functional secondary metabolite production. Historically, research mostly focused on understanding toxicity of endophyte-derived compounds on grazing livestock. However, endophyte-derived compounds also provide protection against invertebrate pests, disease, and other environmental stresses, which is important for ensuring yield and persistence of pastures. A preliminary screen of 30 strains using an in vitro dual culture bioassay identified 18 endophyte strains with antifungal activity. The novel strains NEA12, NEA21, and NEA23 were selected for further investigation as they are also known to produce alkaloids associated with protection against insect pests. Antifungal activity of selected endophyte strains was confirmed against three grass pathogens, Ceratobasidium sp., Dreschlera sp., and Fusarium sp., using independent isolates in an in vitro bioassay. NEA21 and NEA23 showed potent activity against Ceratobasidium sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Management of Dollar Spot Disease of Creeping Bentgrass Using Soil Conditioners
    Integrated Management of Dollar Spot Disease of Creeping Bentgrass Using Soil Conditioners by Eslin Duygu Oztur A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Agriculture Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Eslin Duygu Oztur, December, 2020 ABSTRACT INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF DOLLAR SPOT DISEASE OF CREEPING BENTGRASS USING SOIL CONDITIONERS Eslin Duygu Oztur Advisor: University of Guelph, 2020 Dr. Katerina Serlemitsos Jordan Dollar spot, caused by the fungus Clarireedia jacksonii, can lead to considerable damage to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) on golf course greens. This one-year study assessed management strategies that integrated soil conditioners (fish emulsion, fish hydrolysate, worm castings, and spent mushroom compost) with a rolling treatment to reduce dollar spot severity. None of the soil conditioners reduced dollar spot in the greenhouse or field studies, nor was there any improvement in turf color, clippings, root dry weight or tissue N content. The rolling treatment had a significant effect on turf color and reduced dollar spot severity at one location and only when disease pressure was high. The results indicated that the use of soil conditioners would not be a recommended practice for dollar spot when disease pressure is high but rolling could be included as a management practice to suppress dollar spot. DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my beloved mother Aysegul Kivanc, whose profound love, support and encouragement made it possible for me to complete this work. I admire the effort and sacrifice you made for my career in supporting my study abroad. You gave me the strength to make it through another day.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Pythium in Mainland China
    菌物学报 [email protected] 8 April 2013, 32（增刊）: 20-44 Http://journals.im.ac.cn Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q © 2013 IMCAS, all rights reserved. The genus Pythium in mainland China HO Hon-Hing* Department of Biology, State University of New York, New Paltz, New York 12561, USA Abstract: A historical review of studies on the genus Pythium in mainland China was conducted, covering the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy, pathogenicity, plant disease control and its utilization. To date, 64 species of Pythium have been reported and 13 were described as new to the world: P. acrogynum, P. amasculinum, P. b ai sen se , P. boreale, P. breve, P. connatum, P. falciforme, P. guiyangense, P. guangxiense, P. hypoandrum, P. kummingense, P. nanningense and P. sinensis. The dominant species is P. aphanidermatum causing serious damping off and rotting of roots, stems, leaves and fruits of a wide variety of plants throughout the country. Most of the Pythium species are pathogenic with 44 species parasitic on plants, one on the red alga, Porphyra: P. porphyrae, two on mosquito larvae: P. carolinianum and P. guiyangense and two mycoparasitic: P. nunn and P. oligandrum. In comparison, 48 and 28 species have been reported, respectively, from Taiwan and Hainan Island with one new species described in Taiwan: P. sukuiense. The prospect of future study on the genus Pythium in mainland China was discussed. Key words: Pythiaceae, taxonomy, Oomycetes, Chromista, Straminopila 中国大陆的腐霉属菌物 何汉兴* 美国纽约州立大学 纽约 新帕尔茨 12561 摘 要：综述了中国大陆腐霉属的研究进展，内容包括腐霉属菌物的发生、分布、分类鉴定、致病性、所致植物病 害防治及腐霉的利用等方面。至今，中国已报道的腐霉属菌物有 64 个种，其中有 13 个种作为世界新种进行了描述， 这 13 个新种分别为：顶生腐霉 Pythium acrogynum，孤雌腐霉 P.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Lawn Problems & Solutions for ND
    H1553 (Revised) Home Lawn Problems and Solutions for North Dakota Alan Zuk, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Sciences Janet Knodel, Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology Ron Smith, Professor Emeritus, Department of Plant Sciences Contents 2 Introduction 3 Weed Problems in Lawns 3 Broadleaf Weeds 7 Perennial Grassy Weeds 8 Annual Grassy Weeds 10 General Nonchemical Control of Lawn Weeds 11 Using Herbicides to Control Weeds 12 Turfgrass Diseases North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 23 Turfgrass lnsects 31 Additional References Reviewed and reprinted August 2017 hile an attractive lawn can complement an equally attractive landscaping with trees and shrubs, one that is unkempt and Wweedy will be a major distraction. Indeed, a good looking lawn is as important to the total landscape picture as a shined pair of dress shoes is to formal attire. The two just naturally go together. In response to the many inquiries about home lawn care and problems, the intent of this NDSU Extension publication is to assist the homeowner first in identifying these problems and, secondly, providing advice on actions they can take to solve these problems. Our initial emphasis will be to adjust or modify cultural practices to minimize or, in some cases, eliminate the pest. We also provide options for chemical use in case the problem has not been solved. Each author has contributed to this publication based on his or her expertise: Alan Zuk on typical diseases observed on home lawns, Janet Knodel on insect problems; and Ron Smith in dealing with distractive weeds. In surveying the retail market, we noted the wide availability of combination products, with herbicides and fertilizer being the most common.
    [Show full text]
  • Turfgrass Disease Identification Guide for Golf TABLE of CONTENTS
    Turfgrass Disease Identification Guide for Golf TABLE OF CONTENTS TURFGRASS DISEASE IDENTIFICATION Ectotrophic Root Infecting Fungi Necrotic Ring Spot ......................................................... 4 Spring Dead Spot ........................................................... 6 Summer Patch ............................................................... 8 Take-all Patch .............................................................. 10 Fairy Rings Fairy Ring ..................................................................... 12 Superficial Fairy Ring .................................................... 14 Mildew Diseases Yellow Tuft (Downy Mildew) .......................................... 16 Powdery Mildew ........................................................... 18 Pythium Diseases Pythium Blight .............................................................. 20 Pythium Root Rot (Root Dysfunction) ........................... 22 Rhizoctonia Diseases Brown Patch, cool-season turf ..................................... 24 Large Patch, warm-season turf .................................... 26 Rust and Smut Diseases Rusts (Crown, Leaf, Stem, and Stripe) ......................... 28 Stripe Smut .................................................................. 30 Syngenta would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their contribution to the development of this turf guide: Pete Dernoeden, PhD, University of Maryland, and Bruce Clarke, PhD, Rutgers University. 2 Snow Molds Gray Snow Mold............................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenicity and Host Range of Pythium Kashmirense—A Soil-Borne Oomycete Recently Discovered in the UK
    Journal of Fungi Article Pathogenicity and Host Range of Pythium kashmirense—A Soil-Borne Oomycete Recently Discovered in the UK Clara Benavent-Celma 1,2 , Alexandra Puertolas 3 , Debbie McLaggan 2 , Pieter van West 2 and Steve Woodward 1,* 1 Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK; [email protected] 2 International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (P.v.W.) 3 ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux–Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt–Bât. E, CS 40009, F-54220 Malzéville, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1224-272-669 Abstract: During a survey of oomycetes in ornamental plants carried out at the University of Aberdeen in 2014–2015, Pythium kashmirense was isolated from a specimen of Viburnum plicatum ‘Lanarth’, the first report of this oomycete in the UK (and in Europe). Pathogenicity of a Py. kashmirense isolate was examined using a range of plant species. Inoculations were carried out under controlled conditions in the absence of other Pythium and Phytophthora species, on Glycine max (soya bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Lupinus angustifolius (blue lupin), Cucumis sativa (cucumber) and Viburnum opulus. The majority of inoculations caused pre-emergence damping-off, as well as seed rot Citation: Benavent-Celma, C.; and root rot. In the in vitro assays, germination rates (%) of soya bean and blue lupin seeds were Puertolas, A.; McLaggan, D.; van less than 50%; in the in vivo inoculations on plants, over 50% of soya bean, blue lupin and common West, P.; Woodward, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control Methods for Damping-Off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium Myriotylum
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2006 Biological Control Methods for Damping-off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium myriotylum Miranda Marshall Clark University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Clark, Miranda Marshall, "Biological Control Methods for Damping-off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium myriotylum. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1527 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Miranda Marshall Clark entitled "Biological Control Methods for Damping-off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium myriotylum." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Kimberly D. Gwinn, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Bonnie H. Ownley, Ernest C. Bernard, Craig H. Canaday Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges
    [Show full text]
  • Fungicide-Induced Hormetic Effects in Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes
    FUNGICIDE-INDUCED HORMETIC EFFECTS IN PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND OOMYCETES By SUMIT PRADHAN SHRESTHA Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology Purbanchal University Biratnagar, Nepal 2011 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2015 FUNGICIDE-INDUCED HORMETIC EFFECT IN PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND OOMYCETES Thesis Approved: Dr. Carla D. Garzon Thesis Adviser Dr. Nathan Walker Dr. Hassan Melouk ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my adviser, Dr. Carla Garzon for helping me throughout my graduate career. She has been a consistent source of encouragement and I will always be grateful to her for encouraging and supporting me in every aspect of my graduate study. I also thank my committee members Dr. Hassan Melouk and Dr. Nathan Walker for their professional guidance, technical assistance and input into this thesis. Thanks to Dr. Miller (University of Missouri) and Dr. Gary Moorman (Pennsylvania State University) for providing the Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Pythium isolates. I am very thankful to Francisco Flores, Andres Espindola, Patricia Garrido, Vanessa Marcillo, Alejandra Oviedo and other lab members for their assistance whenever needed. Thanks to Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology for creating such a good working atmosphere. I would also like to thank my Father H.B Shrestha, brother Rajendra, sister Sunita and brother in-law Nitendra for their moral support. I owe a significant debt of gratitude to my mom Kamala Devi Shrestha. It is largely because of her encouragement and the effort that she channeled into my education that I have had the opportunity to pursue this degree.
    [Show full text]