Doctor of Philosophy
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATE ANXIETY AND SELF-EFFICACY AMONG ATHLETES THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION By DILSHAD ALI Under the Supervision of Dr. Kabir Shah Khan DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL HEALTH AND SPORTS EDUCATION, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH-202002, INDIA. 2012 Dedicated to My Parents Department of Physical Health & Sports Education Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (U.P.) Mob. No. 09837265848 Dr. Kabir Shah Khan Associate Professor E-mail: [email protected] Date:……………………….. Certificate This is to certify that the thesis entitled “A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATE ANXIETY AND SELF-EFFICACY AMONG ATHLETES” carried out by Mr. Dilshad Ali for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Physical Education under my supervision, is an original contribution and adds substantially to the existing treasure of knowledge in the discipline of physical education and allied sciences. The thesis is fit for submission to the examiners for evaluation. It is further certified that Mr. Dilshad Ali has fulfilled the prescribed conditions of duration and nature given in the Statutes and Ordinances of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. (Dr. Kabir Shah Khan) Supervisor Acknowledgments First, and foremost, I would like to thank Almighty Allah, for his grace and blessings blustered upon me during this period. Without Him, nothing is possible in the world. No words are adequate to express my sentiments of everlasting gratitude to my venerable teacher and intellectual supervisor Dr. Kabir Shah Khan, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Health & Sports Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, under whose continuous guidance, valuable suggestions and encouragement in my work, I am able to complete this thesis. I shall not be successful in my duties if I do not give my heartiest thanks to Prof. Ikram Hussain, Chairman, Department of Physical Health & Sports Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for his positive encouragement, and providing me essential research facilities in the department. Scholar also, conveys his sincere thanks and respect to Dr. Syed Tariq Murtaza, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Health & Sports Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, who helped me in completing this manuscript. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to my teachers Prof. Jaowad Ali, Dr. Rajendra Singh, Dr. Brij Bhusan Singh, Dr. Zamirullah Khan and non- teaching staff, Department of Physical Health & Sports Education A.M.U., Aligarh for their encouragement and motivation for this academic endeavour. Acknowledgements I also grasp this opportunity to express my heartiest thanks to my incredible network of family. Finally, I am seriously indebted to my Father Mr. Abdul Kayom Khan, Mother Mrs. Shakeela Begum, Sister Afsana Parveen and Brothers Mohd. Shabuddeen, Irshad Ali, Mohd. Soil, Samshul Ali for their immense love, prayers and support, without which this work would have not been accomplished in target time. To the click, Shabana Parveen who is my beloved fiancée thanks for encouragement during this work. I would like to give thanks to my seniors, Dr. Abdul Azeej Khan, Murad Ali Khan and my fellow researcher friends Shamim Ahmad, Zeeshan Haider, Asim Khan, Mohd Arshad Bari, Arif Mohammad, Sartaj Khan and Mohd Abdul Moid Siddiqui for sharing thoughts and support during course of this study. Last but not least a deep sense of appreciations is due to all the players who acted as subjects for the study, as well as organizing committee of All India Intervarsity Athletic Championship, University of Chennai, without their voluntary and wholehearted support and cooperation this study could not have been completed. And finally, I with all my devotions, put forward this research work of mine to all those who have contributed, without which my work would not have seen fulfillment. Dilshad Ali Contents Page No. Certificate Acknowledgements List of Tables i-ii List of Figures iii-iv Chapter – I Introduction 1-27 Statement of the Problem Objectives of the Study Hypotheses Limitation of the Study Delimitation of the Study Definition and Explanation of Technical Terms Significance of the Study Chapter-II Review of Related Literature 28-62 Chapter-III Methodology 63-71 Sample Tools Procedure of Data Collection Statistical Analysis Chapter-IV Results and Discussion 72-135 Chapter-V Conclusions, Suggestions and Recommendations 136-140 References 141-162 Appendices Personal Data Form 163-166 Competitive State Anxiety Inventory -2 General Self-Efficacy List of Tables Table Page Contents No. No. Showing difference between high and low performance 1 73 athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between high and low performance 1.1 75 athletes on competitive state anxiety sub-variable Showing difference between high performance track and 2 77 field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between high performance track and 2.1 79 field athletes on competitive state anxiety sub-variable Showing difference between low performance track and 3 81 field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between low performance track and 3.1 83 field athletes on competitive state anxiety sub-variable Showing difference between high and low performance 4 85 track athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between high and low performance 4.1 87 track athletes on competitive state anxiety sub-variable Showing difference between male and female high 5 89 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between male and female high 5.1 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety 91 sub-variable Showing difference between male and female low 6 93 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between male and female low 6.1 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety 95 sub-variable Showing difference between high and low performance 7 97 field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between high and low performance 7.1 99 field athletes on competitive state anxiety sub-variable Showing difference between male and female high 8 101 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety i Showing difference between male and female high 8.1 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety 103 sub-variable Showing difference between male and female low 9. 105 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing difference between male and female low 9.1 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety 107 sub-variable Showing difference between high and low performance 10 109 athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between high performance track and 11 111 field athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between low performance track and 12 113 field athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between high and low performance 13 115 track athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between male and female high 14 117 performance track athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between male and female low 15 119 performance track athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between high and low performance 16 121 field athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between male and female high 17 123 performance field athletes on self-efficacy Showing difference between male and female low 18 125 performance field athletes on self-efficacy ii List of the Figures Figure Page Contents No. No. Showing mean difference between high and low 1 74 performance athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between high and low 1.1 performance athletes on competitive state anxiety sub- 76 variable Showing mean difference between high performance 2 78 track and field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between high performance 2.1 track and field athletes on competitive state anxiety sub- 80 variable Showing mean difference between low performance 3 82 track and field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between low performance 3.1 track and field athletes on competitive state anxiety sub- 84 variable Showing mean difference between high and low 4 86 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between high and low 4.1 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety 88 sub-variable Showing mean difference between male and female 5 high performance track athletes on competitive state 90 anxiety Showing difference between male and female high 5.1 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety 92 sub-variable Showing mean difference between male and female low 6 94 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between male and female low 6.1 performance track athletes on competitive state anxiety 96 sub-variable iii Showing mean difference between high and low 7 98 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between high and low 7.1 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety 100 sub-variable Showing mean difference between male and female high 8 102 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between male and female high 8.1 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety 104 sub-variable Showing mean difference between male and female low 9. 106 performance field athletes on competitive state anxiety Showing mean difference between male and female low 9.1 performance