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Fourth Industrial Revolution Part I Quarter 4 – 2019 / VOLUME 82 TheTheTheA PAN-AFRICAN QUARTERLYThinkerThinkerThinker FOR THOUGHT LEADERS SPECIAL EDITION: African futures and the Fourth Industrial Revolution part I FRAHM-ARP ON A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS: WHY at THE start OF Mufamadi AND MAZIBUKO ON THE CONVERGENCE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CANCER MEDICINE REVOLUTION DO WE SEE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION A RISE IN cult-TYPE FRASSINELLI AND TREFFRY-Goatley ON Digital MEDIA, LITERACIES AND Pentecostal CHURCHES AFRICAN literature IN SOUTH AFRICA? PART 2 ONLY A FEW SLOTS LEFT! Submissions due on 7 January 2020 For further enquiries, please contact the editor, Ronit Frenkel at [email protected] CONTENTS In This Issue A Brief History of Industrial Revolutions: Why at the start of the Fourth Industrial 4 Revolution do we see a rise in cult-type Pentecostal churches in South Africa? Maria Frahm-Arp A Beginner’s Guide to the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa: Concepts and Debates 10 Abel Matheba The Convergence of Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Cancer Medicine in the Fourth 13 Industrial Revolution Steven Mufamadi and Zamanzima Mazibuko Talking responsibly about medicine in the Fourth Industrial Revolution 16 Alex Broadbent Transforming the Human: : Algorithms, Intuition and Networked Activism 22 Carolyn Pedwell Digital media, literacies and African literature 32 Pier Paolo Frassinelli and Lisa Treffry-Goatley Wikipedia and archival problems: A Derridean impression 38 Dominic Pretorius Technology and the Law: The problem with opaque AI 44 Asher Austen Fainman The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the changing world of work and imperatives of 56 internationalisation in higher education Ylva Rodny-Gumede African futures: Why most African states may be at war with each other in 2063 61 Francis Onditi and Shadrack Mulei Kithiia SIX ASIDES ON ART AND LIES 66 Ashraf Jamal 1 Volume 82 / 2019 1 NOTE FROM THE EDITOR he University of Johannesburg acquired The Thinker in April 2019 from Dr Essop Pahad. Over the last decade, TThe Thinker has gained a reputation as a journal that explores Pan-African issues across fields and times. Ronit Frenkel, as the incoming editor, plans on maintaining the pan- African scope of the journal while increasing its coverage into fields such as books, art, literature and popular cultures. The Thinker is a ‘hybrid’ journal, publishing both journalistic pieces with more academic articles and contributors can now opt to have their submissions peer reviewed. We welcome Africa-centred articles from diverse perspectives, in order to enrich both knowledge of the continent and of issues impacting the continent. Prof Ronit Frenkel CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION – All contributing analysts write in their personal capacity Asher Austen Fainman is completing a Master’s University and St Augustine College of South Africa degree in Law at the University of Bristol. He has and is an Anglican (Episcopalian) minister. She is a strong interest in technology law and has also currently the Executive Director of the library at been involved with start-ups in the sector. the University of Johannesburg. Professor Alex Broadbent is the Director Pier Paolo Frassinelli is Associate Professor in of the Institute for the Future of Knowledge the Department of Communication Studies at at the University of Johannesburg University the University of Johannesburg. He has recently of Johannesburg. Alex holds a B1 rating from published Borders, Media Crossings and the the National Research Foundation of South Politics of Translation: The Gaze from Southern Africa (2019-2025) and is an alumnus of the Africa (New York: Routledge, 2019). He is book and South African Young Academy of Sciences. film reviews editor of Journal of African Cinemas Alex is a philosopher of science, medicine and and 2020 Writing Fellow at the Johannesburg epidemiology, with particular interests in causal Institute of Advanced Studies, where he will be inference, explanation, and prediction, including working on a book project titled African Cinemas: the evolution of these abilities in humans and their Spaces, Audiences and Genres. implementation in machines. Alex was a founding Ashraf Jamal (Cape University of Technology) figure in establishing philosophy of epidemiology, is a cultural analyst, author, editor, and associate and is a leading philosopher of medicine globally. in the Visual Identities in Art and Design Research Alex has published three monographs, the most Centre, University of Johannesburg. He is the recent being Philosophy of Medicine (2019, Oxford co-author of Art in South Africa the Future Present, University Press) and around 25 journal articles. co-editor of Indian Ocean Studies: Social, Cultural, Prof Maria Frahm-Arp completed her PhD at and Political Perspectives. He is also the author Warwick University in the UK. She is the author of Love themes for the wilderness, The Shades, of Professional Women in Pentecostal Charismatic Predicaments of culture in South Africa, and In the Churches in South Africa (2010) and co-editor World: Essays on Contemporary South African Art. of Development and Religion from Below: Exploring Shadrack M. Kithiia, is senior lecturer, Religious Spaces in the African State (2010). She Department of Geography & Environmental has written several articles and book chapters on Studies, University of Nairobi. Dr. Kithiia is a Pentecostal Charismatic Christians. In 2010 she Member of the International Association of participated in a Templeton Foundation Africa Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). He is a registered wide research project of the Catholic Charismatic hydrologist and a lead expert on Environmental movement. Prof Frahm-Arp has taught at Wits Impact Assessment (EIA). His research interest 2 THE THINKER CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION includes, water quality assessment, control and of Cape Town, while also working as a political management. He has taught physical geography analyst. His first novel, Acts of Vertigo, was recently at the University of Nairobi for over 25 years. Before longlisted for the 2020 Dinaane Debut Fiction then he worked as an hydrologist with the Kenyan Award. government since 1990. Ylva Rodny-Gumede is the Head of the Abel Matheba is a Mechanical engineering International Office and Professor in the student at the University of Johannesburg. He School of Communication at the University of is a founder and managing director of Noto Johannesburg. Ylva is an NRF rated researcher Technologies (Pty) Ltd, working on innovative and her current research focus is on transformation ideas that use the 4th Industrial Age technologies and innovation in higher education. Email yrodny- to solve problems in education, health care, green [email protected] economy, transportation, and socio-economic Lisa Treffry-Goatley (University of Cape Town) issues. has over two decades of experience in educational Zamanzima Mazibuko is the senior researcher publishing as a publisher, editor and materials in the Knowledge Economy and Scientific developer. She is the Senior Publisher for the Advancement Faculty at the Mapungubwe African Storybook initiative, and a PhD candidate in Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA). She Linguistics (School of African and Gender Studies, obtained her MSc (Med) in pharmaceutics from Anthropology and Linguistics) at the University Wits University. of Cape Town. Her research is concerned with multilingual children’s literacy practices, especially Dr Steven Mufamadi is the founder and reading. managing director of Nabio Consulting (Pty) Ltd and holds a PhD in pharmaceutics from Wits University. Francis Onditi is AISA Fellow at the Human TheTheA PAN AFRICAN QUARTERLYThinkerThinker FOR THOUGHT LEADERS Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, South Africa. He is also Head of Department, School The Journal for Advisory Council Progressive Thought Dr Ademola Araoye of International Relations and Diplomacy, Riara www.thethinker.co.za (Nigeria), Professor Puleng University, Nairobi, Kenya. He was the lead editor Lenka Bula (South Africa), Publisher Dr Faisal Devji (Tanzania), for the recently published book, ‘Contemporary English Department Professor Chris Landsberg Africa and the Foreseeable World Order’, Rowman University of Johannesburg (South Africa), Professor Kingsway Campus, & Littlefield, New York and London, 2019. Dr. Onditi Tshilidzi Marwala (South Auckland Park, Johannesburg is a conflictologist with specialization on regional & Africa), Professor Sabelo J Tel:+27 11 559 2553 international conflict systems, and state relations. Ndlovu-Gatsheni (Zimbabwe), Dr Morley Nkosi (South Africa), He is also a reviewer, mentor for young scholars, & Editor Dr Francis Onditi (Kenya) strategy lead consultant. Prof Ronit Frenkel Professor Eghosa E Osaghae [email protected] (Nigeria), Dr Mzulcisi Qobo Carolyn Pedwell is Reader in Cultural Studies (South Africa), Dr Garth le at the University of Kent, UK. She is author Pere (South Africa), Professor Design & Art Direction Alioune Sall (Senegal), Addai of Transforming Habit: Affect, Assemblage Liesel van der Schyf Sebo (Ghana), Dr Mongane and Change in a Minor Key (McGill-Queens [email protected] Serote (South Africa), Professor UP, forthcoming); Affective Relations: The Tel:+27 82 336 7537 Mammo Muchie (Ethiopia). Transnational Politics of Empathy (Palgrave, Material in this publication may not be reproduced in any form without proper citation. Views and opinions expressed in The Thinker are not 2014) and Feminism, Culture and Embodied
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