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Names History Names History Ferjan Ormeling and Tjeerd Tichelaar 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 1 2012 Names hihitstory Shows how names develop, how they are adapted to new circumstances, loose their original meaning, get new connotations or evoke new images Tells something about the original societies that coined the names and later societies that changed them 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 2 2012 Names hihitstory Johann Jakob Egli - Nomina Geographica, Leipzig 1870 (language and etymology of 40 000 names worldwide): Indonesia: islands (Greek) of India 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 3 2012 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 4 2012 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 5 2012 History of the name New York The Brythonic word Eborakon is a combina tion o f eburos "yew-tree“ and the suffix *-āko(n) "place" The Romans conquered Britain in the first century, adapted the name Eborakon to Eboracum The name Eboracum was tditturned into EfEoforwi c by the Anglians who invaded Britain in the 7th century : a compound of Eofor-, from the old name, and -wic “village”. This was probably by conflation of the element Ebor- with a Germanic root *eburaz (boar or wild pig); by the 7th century the Old English for 'boar' had become eofor. 6 History of the name New York (cont.) When the Danish army conquered the city in 866, the name became rendered as Jórvík. Jórvík was gradually reduced to York in the centuries following the conquest (1066) by the French- speaking Normans. Intermediate stages were Yerk in the 14th century, through to Yourke in the 16th century and then Yarke in the 17th century. The form York was first recorded in the 13th century. 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 7 2012 History of the name New York (cont.) James Stuart, the Duke of York and Albanyy( (=later Kin g James II of Britain ), was Lord High Admiral of the English fleet that conquered Nieuw Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664, and the conquered lands were ggyiven to him by his brother King Charles II. Therefore, Nieuw Amsterdam was renamed New York by the English and, as James was also lord of Albany (nor thern par t o f S cotl and) , the name o f the conquere d Dutch town of Beverwijck upstreams of the Hudson river was changed to Albany at the same time. 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 8 2012 History of the name of Batavia In Roman times two Germanic Batavi tribes lived in present Netherlands and Belgium, the Batavi and the Belgae Belgae. They fought the Romans valiantly, but in the end were defeated. When in the 16th century the local inhabitants revolted again against the Spanish Kingdom of which they were a part, they likened themselves to the Batavi and the Belgae. In Latin they called their country Belgium foederatum, which translates as United Netherlands9 History of the name of Batavia II In their overseas expansion the Dutch also used these Latin names. New Netherlands (the area around present New York) was called Belgica Nova, and in 1611 they established the Asian headquarters of their commercial company VOC at the mouth of the Ciliwung river. This site had first been the port city of the Kingdom of Pajajaran, called Sunda Kalapa. After its conquest by Fatahillah from Demak sultanate in 1527 it had been renamed Yayakarta (place of victory). The leader of the VOC comppyany in Asia first ppproposed as the new name New Hoorn, after his native town Hoorn in the Netherlands. 10 History of the name of Batavia III But t he execut ive boar d o f VOC did not all ow t his, as they did not want to favor a particular town, and choose a name acceptable to all the Dutch: Batavia This name was adapted by local inhabitants to the Malay language as Betawi. The Malay people called the Netherlands Negeri Belanda, after the province of Holland where most Dutchmen came from. In 1795 the constitution of the Netherlands was changed ,the country called itself Batavian Republic, in 1806 Kingdom of Holland, in 1813 it was united with the southern part of the Netherlands and it called itse lf Kingd om of th e Ne ther lan ds. 11 History of the name of Batavia IV In 1830 the inhabitants of the southern part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands revolted, and split off, calling their state Belgium. In 1942 under Japanese occupation the name Batavia was changed back to Jakatra, in 1945 independent Indonesia changed it to Djakarta and in 1972 to Jakarta. As the Dutch also colonized other parts of the world, the name Batavia is also present in the United States, Argentina , Guyana and Suriname (GeoNames has 132 records for Batavia) 12 Onomastics = study of proper names Names of geogr features = toponyms – odonyms - oronyms - hydronyms Personal names Family names Names of buildings, pubs, chinese restaurants NfltNames of plants Names of cars 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 13 2012 Naming trends For personal names, there are distinct trends: one year all parents go for french names, next year for the names of movie stars or traditional names. The same is valid for place names, for example in the Netherlands. -Names on –ik date from Roman times -Names on –heem are registered 600- 1000 -Names on –burg or –ing of –lo 800-1000 --Names on –holt, -haag, -bos date from 1100 -Names on -rode refers to clearings in the forest from 12th century (like wono in Wonosobo) th -Names on –kerk and on -koop date from 12 century -Names on –veen only appear after 1200 th -Names on –dam,-dike and –sluice datefrom 13 cent. 800-1000 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 FromToponymy 1200-1400 Course, Yogyakarta 15 2012 Names ending on –heem (given from 600- 1000) 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 16 2012 FlkFolk ettymo logy 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 17 2012 4th BIG-UNGEGN International 27/09/2012 Toponymy Course, Yogyakarta 18 2012.
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